scholarly journals Surveys of Large Waterfowl and Their Habitats Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: A Case Study on the Siberian Crane

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Ding Wen ◽  
Lei Su ◽  
Yuanman Hu ◽  
Zaiping Xiong ◽  
Miao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Siberian Crane ◽  
Flight Plan ◽  
Management Scenario ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Waterfowl surveys, especially for endangered waterfowl living in wetlands, are essential to protect endangered waterfowl and to create a management scenario of their habitats. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are powerful new tools for waterfowl surveys. In this paper, we propose one method for a habitat survey and another for a waterfowl species distribution survey. The habitat survey method obtained the waterfowl’s habitat and spatial distribution with a UAV automatic flight plan in the aggregation area. The waterfowl species distribution survey was used to detect and identify waterfowl species with high-spatial-resolution images from a free UAV flight plan in the aggregation area or areas where individuals were suspected to be present. The UAV-based data showed not only the area where waterfowl were found, but also additional ground surveys. The results showed that the species and locations of the waterfowl were recorded more accurately and efficiently using the distribution method based on the images from the UAV. The waterfowl habitat type and the number of waterfowl were obtained in detail using the habitat survey method. UAV-derived counts of waterfowl were greater (+37%) than ground counts. The results indicated the feasibility and advantages of using a low-cost UAV survey of large waterfowl in wetland regions with complex vegetation. This study provides one case study of large waterfowl numbers and habitat surveys. The UAV-based methods also provide a feasible and scientific way to obtain basic data for the protection and management of waterfowl.

scholarly journals Farmer Preference to High Elevation Rice Technological Packages for Accelerating Technological Dissemination (A case Study in Humbang Hasundutan Regency)

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Setia Sari Girsang ◽  
Agung B Santosa ◽  
Tommy Purba ◽  
Deddy R Siagian ◽  
Khadijah E Ramija
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Of Importance

Accelerating the introduction of a new technological package is needed to increase the productivity of high elevation puddled rice in Humbang Hasundutan. The objectives of the study are to find out the perception of the existence of technological packages and farmers' preference for a new technological package. The study used a survey method with primary data gathered using questionnaires. The criteria of locations and respondents were used to obtain relevant respondents and data concerning their knowledge of high elevation puddled rice cultivation.  The collected data were processed by using Importance Performance Analysis in order to find out the level of Importance and Satisfaction of the indicators and the valued aspects in the technological package components. The results of the study showed that the socio-economic aspects had to be heeded in organizing the technological package. Indicators having a high level of importance and a low level of satisfaction consisted of production cost, quality of seeds, farmer groups empowerment, technology information institution, capital cost, agricultural tools and machines, pest control, sales price, irrigation canals, and farm roads. On the other hand, introducing new superior seeds, productivity attribute and planting age were important indicators for local farmers as to improve the quality of existing seeds. Farmers group expected that the technological package had a high level of productivity, better access to input, low cost, and good user-friendliness in its application.

Unsupervised discrimination between lodged and non-lodged winter wheat: a case study using a low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 2079-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Jun Wang ◽  
Hao Ge ◽  
Qigen Dai ◽  
Irshad Ahmad ◽  
Qixing Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

scholarly journals Fuel Conservation for Launch Vehicles: Falcon Heavy Case Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozič ◽  
Zidanšek ◽  
Repnik
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Rocket Engines ◽  
Launch Vehicles ◽  
Flight Plan ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Heavy Lift ◽  
Significant Burden

Space exploration has recently been growing at an increasing pace and has caused a significant burden to the environment, in particular, during the launch of rockets, when a large amount of fuel is burned and the exhaust gases are released in the air. For this case study, we selected the SpaceX Falcon Heavy reusable heavy-lift launch vehicle, which is one of the most promising rockets for the low-cost lifting of heavy payloads into orbit and beyond. We evaluated several strategies for optimisation of fuel consumption and for minimisation of environmental impact during launch through the atmosphere for the case of its first launch on February 6, 2018, when the rocket carried a red Tesla Roadster with a “Starman” in the direction toward Mars. In addition to the flight plan and Newtonian equations of motion, we have taken into account the thermodynamic properties of the rocket engines. Results are similar but slightly different if one minimises the total fuel consumption for the desired flight plan or if one minimises the environmental pollution during the initial stage of the launch through the atmosphere. The same methodology can be extended for launches in other directions including the Earth orbit and the Moon.

scholarly journals Brief Communication: Low-cost, on-demand aerial photogrammetry for glaciological measurement

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1879-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Whitehead ◽  
B. J. Moorman ◽  
C. H. Hugenholtz
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Site Access ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Arctic Glacier

Abstract. Remotely sensed glaciological measurements can be expensive, often involving a trade-off between resolution, scale, and frequency. We report on a case study in which two low-cost techniques were used to generate digital elevation models and orthomosaics of an Arctic glacier in consecutive ablation seasons. In the first aerial survey we used an unmanned aerial vehicle and acquired images autonomously. The following year we took advantage of the helicopter used for site access, and were able to acquire images manually, for little additional helicopter time. We present a preliminary assessment of accuracy and apply these data to measure glacier thinning and motion.

scholarly journals Low-cost, on-demand aerial photogrammetry for glaciological measurement

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 3043-3057 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Whitehead ◽  
B. J. Moorman ◽  
C. H. Hugenholtz
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Arctic Glacier

Abstract. Remotely-sensed glaciological measurements can be expensive, and often involve a trade-off between resolution, scale, and frequency. In an attempt to overcome these issues we report on a case study in which two low-cost techniques were used to generate orthomosaic images and digital elevation models (DEMs) of an arctic glacier in two consecutive ablation seasons. In the first aerial survey we used an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and acquired images autonomously, while in the second we used a piloted helicopter and acquired images manually. We present a preliminary assessment of accuracy and apply these data to measure glacier thinning and motion.

scholarly journals RUSBoost: A suitable species distribution method for imbalanced records of presence and absence. A case study of twenty-five species of Iberian bats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Carrasco ◽  
Fugencio Lison ◽  
Andres Weintraub
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Species Distribution Models ◽  
Bayesian Optimization ◽  
List Type ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Presence And Absence

Traditional Species Distribution Models (SDMs) may not be appropriate when examples of one class (e.g. absence or pseudo-absences) greatly outnumber examples of the other class (e.g. presences or observations), because they tend to favor the learning of observations more frequently. We present an ensemble method called Random UnderSampling and Boosting (RUSBoost), which was designed to address the case where the number of presence and absence records are imbalanced, and we opened the "black-box" of the algorithm to interpret its results and applicability in ecology. We applied our methodology to a case study of twenty-five species of bats from theIberian Peninsula and we build a RUSBoost model for each species. Furthermore,in order to improve to build tighter models, we optimized their hyperparametersusing Bayesian Optimization. In particular, we implemented a objective function that represents the cross-validation loss: kFoldLoss(z), with z representing the hyper-parameters Maximum Number of Splits, Number of Learners and Learning Rate. The models reached average values for Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC), specificity, sensitivity, and overall accuracy of 0.84±0.05%, 79.5±4.87%, 74.9±6.05%,and 78.8±5.0%, respectively. We also obtained values of variable importance and we analyzed the relationships between explanatory variables and bat presence probability. The results of our study showed that RUSBoost could be a useful tool to develop SDMs with good performance when the presence/absence databases are imbalanced. The application of this algorithm could improve the prediction of SDMs and help in conservation biology and management.

scholarly journals UAV application for site suitability mangrove replantation program, case study in Pasuruan and Probolinggo, East Java

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Arief Darmawan ◽  
Dhira K. Saputra ◽  
M Arif Asadi ◽  
I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Previous Approach ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Imagery

In the northern coast of East Java, mangrove naturally growth along the coastline of most regencies, and becomes the important factor in the sustainability of fisheries, protection and other environmental services for communities in coastal areas. The last few decades, satellite remote sensing becomes the most widely used tool for mangrove monitoring purpose. Various types of sensory satellite images are used for mapping areas, types and densities, estimating the mangrove biomass. Meanwhile, UAV (Unmaned Aerial Vehicle) is rapidly developed and quite affordable. Various footages and photogrammetry works carried out with the lightweight UAV. Therefore, utilizing UAVs for capturing mangrove areas can be an effective solution to identify area where rehabilitation should be conducted. The research aimed to use the consumer grade DJI Phantom 4 Pro for mapping 92,6 Ha mangrove area in Rejoso (Pasuruan) and 69,37 Ha of Sumberasih (Probolinggo). Result of this study shows the capability of UAV to provide detail mangrove image (canopy density, characteristics and environmental profile), which can be used to support the management activities, particularly mangrove replantation program. Also, it could be a low cost solution and time effective of mangrove monitoring, compared with previous approach of high-resolution satellite imagery.

scholarly journals Applied aerial spectroscopy: A case study on remote sensing of an ancient and semi-natural woodland

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260056
Author(s):  
Shara Ahmed ◽  
Catherine E. Nicholson ◽  
Paul Muto ◽  
Justin J. Perry ◽  
John R. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Woodland Regeneration

An area of ancient and semi-natural woodland (ASNW) has been investigated by applied aerial spectroscopy using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with multispectral image (MSI) camera. A novel normalised difference spectral index (NDSI) algorithm was developed using principal component analysis (PCA). This novel NDSI was then combined with a simple segmentation method of thresholding and applied for the identification of native tree species as well as the overall health of the woodland. Using this new approach allowed the identification of trees at canopy level, across 7.4 hectares (73,934 m2) of ASNW, as oak (53%), silver birch (37%), empty space (9%) and dead trees (1%). This UAV derived data was corroborated, for its accuracy, by a statistically valid ground-level field study that identified oak (47%), silver birch (46%) and dead trees (7.4%). This simple innovative approach, using a low-cost multirotor UAV with MSI camera, is both rapid to deploy, was flown around 100 m above ground level, provides useable high resolution (5.3 cm / pixel) data within 22 mins that can be interrogated using readily available PC-based software to identify tree species. In addition, it provides an overall oversight of woodland health and has the potential to inform a future woodland regeneration strategy.

Low Temperature Fault Isolation Using Soft Defect Localization

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristopher D. Staller
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Defect Localization ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Cold temperature failures are often difficult to resolve, especially those at extreme low levels (< -40°C). Momentary application of chill spray can confirm the failure mode, but is impractical during photoemission microscopy (PEM), laser scanning microscopy (LSM), and multiple point microprobing. This paper will examine relatively low-cost cold temperature systems that can hold samples at steady state extreme low temperatures and describe a case study where a cold temperature stage was combined with LSM soft defect localization (SDL) to rapidly identify the cause of a complex cold temperature failure mechanism.

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