scholarly journals Serum and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration are elevated by systemic but not local passive heating

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260775
Author(s):  
Takahiro Ogawa ◽  
Sven P. Hoekstra ◽  
Yoshi-Ichiro Kamijo ◽  
Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey ◽  
Jeremy J. Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Passive Heating ◽  
Body Cooling

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a key role in neuronal adaptations. While previous studies suggest that whole-body heating can elevate circulating BDNF concentration, this is not known for local heating protocols. This study investigated the acute effects of whole-body versus local passive heating on serum and plasma BDNF concentration. Using a water-perfused suit, ten recreationally active males underwent three 90 min experimental protocols: heating of the legs with upper-body cooling (LBH), whole-body heating (WBH) and a control condition (CON). Blood samples were collected before, immediately after and 1 h post-heating for the determination of serum and plasma BDNF concentration, platelet count as well as the BDNF release per platelet. Rectal temperature, cardiac output and femoral artery shear rate were assessed at regular intervals. Serum and plasma BDNF concentration were elevated after WBH (serum: 19.1±5.0 to 25.9±11.3 ng/ml, plasma: 2.74±0.9 to 4.58±2.0; p<0.044), but not LBH (serum: 19.1±4.7 to 22.3±4.8 ng/ml, plasma: 3.25±1.13 to 3.39±0.90 ng/ml; p>0.126), when compared with CON (serum: 18.6±6.4 to 16.8±3.4 ng/ml, plasma: 2.49±0.69 to 2.82±0.89 ng/ml); accompanied by an increase in platelet count (p<0.001). However, there was no change in BDNF content per platelet after either condition (p = 0.392). All physiological measures were elevated to a larger extent after WBH compared with LBH (p<0.001), while shear rate and rectal temperature were higher during LBH than CON (p<0.038). In conclusion, WBH but not LBH acutely elevates circulating BDNF concentration. While these findings further support the use of passive heating to elevate BDNF concentration, a larger increase in shear rate, sympathetic activity and/or rectal temperature than found after LBH appears needed to induce an acute BDNF response by passive heating.

scholarly journals The effects of local versus systemic passive heating on the acute inflammatory, vascular and glycaemic response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven P. Hoekstra ◽  
Takahiro Ogawa ◽  
Miguel Dos Santos ◽  
Greg Handsley ◽  
Stephen J. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Passive Heating ◽  
Body Cooling ◽  
Plasma Nitrite

The aim of this study was to compare the acute cardiometabolic and perceptual responses between local and whole-body passive heating. Using a water-perfused suit, ten recreationally active males underwent three 90 min conditions: heating of the legs with upper-body cooling (LBH), whole-body heating (WBH) and exposure to a thermoneutral temperature (CON). Blood samples were collected before and up to 3h post-session to assess inflammatory markers, while a 2h oral glucose tolerance test was initiated 1h post-session. Femoral artery shear rate and perceptual responses were recorded at regular intervals. The interleukin (IL)-6 incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was higher for LBH (1096±851 pg/mL*270min) and WBH (833±476 pg/mL*270min) compared with CON (565±325 pg/mL*270min; p<0.047). Glucose concentrations were higher after WBH compared with LBH and CON (p<0.046). Femoral artery shear rate was higher at the end of WBH (1713±409 L/min) compared with LBH (943±349 L/min; p<0.001), and higher in LBH than CON (661±222 L/min; p=0.002). Affect and thermal comfort were more negative during WBH compared with LBH and CON (p<0.010). In conclusion, local passive heating elevated shear rate and the IL-6 iAUC. However, while resulting in more positive perceptual responses, the majority of the included cardiometabolic markers were attenuated compared with WBH. The increase in the interleukin-6 incremental area under the curve in response to passive heating is not reduced by upper-body cooling. Novelty: • Upper-body cooling attenuates the plasma nitrite, interleukin-1ra and femoral artery shear rate response to passive heating. • Upper-body cooling leads to more positive perceptual responses to passive heating.

Cardiac autonomic function during hypothermia and its measurement repeatability

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Hodges ◽  
Steven A.H. Ferguson ◽  
Stephen S. Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Mild Hypothermia ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Cooling ◽  
Mean Square Difference ◽  
Whole Body Cooling

This study examined the effect of mild hypothermia (a 0.5 °C decrease in rectal temperature) on heart rate variability (HRV), with the identical hypothermia protocol performed twice and compared using intraclass correlation coefficient (r) analysis to study the repeatability. Twelve healthy males each completed 1 neutral (23 °C) and 2 cold (0 °C) trials. In the neutral trial, participants sat quietly for 30 min. In the cold trials, baseline data were obtained from a 5-min sample following 30 min of quiet sitting at 23 °C, followed by passive exposure to 0 °C; hypothermic measures were taken from a 5-min period immediately prior to rectal temperature decreasing by 0.5 °C. HRV was obtained from a 3-lead electrocardiogram. There were no differences (all p > 0.05) in baseline measures between the neutral and the 2 cold trials, suggesting no precooling anxiety related to the cold trials. Heart rate, together with HRV measures (i.e., root mean square difference of successive normal RR intervals, triangular interpolation of NN interval histogram, low-frequency oscillations (LF), and high-frequency oscillations (HF)), increased (all p < 0.05) with mild hypothermia and showed excellent reliability between the 2 cold trials (all r ≥ 0.81). In contrast, the LF/HF ratio decreased (p < 0.05) and had only fair reliability between the 2 cold trials (r = 0.551). In general, hypothermia led to increases in heart rate, together with most measures of HRV. Although it was counterintuitive that both sympathetic and vagal influences would increase simultaneously, these changes likely reflected increased stress from whole-body cooling, together with marked cardiovascular strain and sympathetic nervous system activity from shivering to defend core body temperature. An important methodological consideration for future studies is the consistent and repeatable HRV responses to hypothermia.

scholarly journals Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Concentrations in Lean and Overweight Children and Adolescents

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 3548-3552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Areeg H. El-Gharbawy ◽  
Diane C. Adler-Wailes ◽  
Margaret C. Mirch ◽  
Kelly R. Theim ◽  
Lisa Ranzenhofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Pubertal Status ◽  
Serum Bdnf

Abstract Context: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor appear to be important components of the leptin-signaling cascade involved in energy homeostasis, and mice with BDNF or TrkB gene haploinsufficiency have excessive adiposity. Little is known about the relationship between adiposity and BDNF, particularly in children. Objective: The objective of the study was to study the association of serum BDNF with measures of adiposity in children. Design/Setting/Patients: BDNF was determined by a sandwich-type ELISA after an overnight fast in convenience sample of 328 subjects, aged 3–19 yr enriched for extreme obesity. In 43, BDNF was also measured before, and again 1 h after, consuming a high-energy content (787 kcal) milkshake. Main Outcome Measures: Measures included associations between BDNF and measures of adiposity. Results: There were no significant univariate associations between log BDNF and adiposity measured by body mass index (BMI), BMI-Z score, or fat mass. However, in an analysis of covariance accounting for age, sex, race, pubertal status, and platelet count, BDNF was lower in overweight children (mean ± sd, 39.8 ± 24.8 vs. 47.0 ± 25.4 ng/dl, P = 0.03); in multiple regression analyses with log BDNF as the dependent variable, BMI (P = 0.03), BMI-Z (P = 0.01), and body fat (P &lt; 0.02) were all negatively associated with BDNF once age, pubertal status, and platelet count were included in the model. Ingestion of a meal did not significantly alter serum BDNF 1 h later (P = 0.26). Conclusions: Serum BDNF is lower in extremely overweight children and adolescents than those of normal weight. It remains to be determined whether obese individuals with low serum BDNF for age and platelet count have mutations that alter BDNF function.

The role of baseline in the cutaneous vasoconstrictor responses during combined local and whole body cooling in humans

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (5) ◽  
pp. H3187-H3192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Hodges ◽  
Wojciech A. Kosiba ◽  
Kun Zhao ◽  
Guy E. Alvarez ◽  
John M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Response ◽  
Body Cooling ◽  
Whole Body Cooling

Previous work showed that local cooling (LC) attenuates the vasoconstrictor response to whole body cooling (WBC). We tested the extent to which this attenuation was due to the decreased baseline skin blood flow following LC. In eight subjects, skin blood flow was assessed using laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was expressed as LDF divided by blood pressure. Subjects were dressed in water-perfused suits to control WBC. Four forearm sites were prepared with microdialysis fibers, local heating/cooling probe holders, and laser-Doppler probes. Three sites were locally cooled from 34 to 28°C, reducing CVC to 45.9 ± 3.9, 42 ± 3.9, and 44.5 ± 4.8% of baseline ( P < 0.05 vs. baseline; P > 0.05 among sites). At two sites, CVC was restored to precooling baseline levels with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or isoproterenol (Iso), increasing CVC to 106.4 ± 12.4 and 98.9 ± 10.1% of baseline, respectively ( P > 0.05 vs. precooling). Whole body skin temperature, apart from the area of blood flow measurement, was reduced from 34 to 31°C. Relative to the original baseline, CVC decreased ( P < 0.05) by 44.9 ± 2.8 (control), 11.3 ± 2.4 (LC only), 29 ± 3.7 (SNP), and 45.8 ± 8.7% (Iso). The reductions at LC only and SNP sites were less than at control or Iso sites ( P < 0.05); the responses at those latter sites were not different ( P > 0.05), suggesting that the baseline change in CVC with LC is important in the attenuation of reflex vasoconstrictor responses to WBC.

Whole-body repeated hyperthermia increases irisin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor: A randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 103067
Author(s):  
Oleg Stanislavovich Glazachev ◽  
Maxim Andreevich Zapara ◽  
Svetlana Yuryevna Kryzhanovskaya ◽  
Elena Nikolaevna Dudnik ◽  
Eugeny Antonovich Yumatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Effects of face/head and whole body cooling during passive heat stress on human somatosensory processing

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (6) ◽  
pp. R996-R1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Nakata ◽  
Mari Namba ◽  
Ryusuke Kakigi ◽  
Manabu Shibasaki
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Somatosensory Processing ◽  
Esophageal Temperature ◽  
Passive Heating ◽  
Head Cooling ◽  
Body Cooling ◽  
Whole Body Cooling

We herein investigated the effects of face/head and whole body cooling during passive heat stress on human somatosensory processing recorded by somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) at C4′ and Fz electrodes. Fourteen healthy subjects received a median nerve stimulation at the left wrist. SEPs were recorded at normothermic baseline (Rest), when esophageal temperature had increased by ~1.2°C (heat stress: HS) during passive heating, face/head cooling during passive heating (face/head cooling: FHC), and after HS (whole body cooling: WBC). The latencies and amplitudes of P14, N20, P25, N35, P45, and N60 at C4′ and P14, N18, P22, and N30 at Fz were evaluated. Latency indicated speed of the subcortical and cortical somatosensory processing, while amplitude reflected the strength of neural activity. Blood flow in the internal and common carotid arteries (ICA and CCA, respectively) and psychological comfort were recorded in each session. Increases in esophageal temperature due to HS significantly decreased the amplitude of N60, psychological comfort, and ICA blood flow in the HS session, and also shortened the latencies of SEPs (all, P < 0.05). While esophageal temperature remained elevated, FHC recovered the peak amplitude of N60, psychological comfort, and ICA blood flow toward preheat baseline levels as well as WBC. However, the latencies of SEPs did not recover in the FHC and WBC sessions. These results suggest that impaired neural activity in cortical somatosensory processing during passive HS was recovered by FHC, whereas conduction velocity in the ascending somatosensory input was accelerated by increases in body temperature.

Brain, blood and rectal temperature during whole body cooling

1984 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P Kiley ◽  
Frederic L Eldridge ◽  
David E Millhorn
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Cooling ◽  
Whole Body Cooling

scholarly journals Precooling leg muscle improves intermittent sprint exercise performance in hot, humid conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1377-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Castle ◽  
Adam L. Macdonald ◽  
Andrew Philp ◽  
Anthony Webborn ◽  
Peter W. Watt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Heat Strain ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Body Cooling ◽  
Whole Body Cooling

We used three techniques of precooling to test the hypothesis that heat strain would be alleviated, muscle temperature (Tmu) would be reduced, and as a result there would be delayed decrements in peak power output (PPO) during exercise in hot, humid conditions. Twelve male team-sport players completed four cycling intermittent sprint protocols (CISP). Each CISP consisted of twenty 2-min periods, each including 10 s of passive rest, 5 s of maximal sprint against a resistance of 7.5% body mass, and 105 s of active recovery. The CISP, preceded by 20 min of no cooling (Control), precooling via an ice vest (Vest), cold water immersion (Water), and ice packs covering the upper legs (Packs), was performed in hot, humid conditions (mean ± SE; 33.7 ± 0.3°C, 51.6 ± 2.2% relative humidity) in a randomized order. The rate of heat strain increase during the CISP was faster in Control than Water and Packs ( P < 0.01), but it was similar to Vest. Packs and Water blunted the rise of Tmu until minute 16 and for the duration of the CISP (40 min), respectively ( P < 0.01). Reductions in PPO occurred from minute 32 onward in Control, and an increase in PPO by ∼4% due to Packs was observed (main effect; P < 0.05). The method of precooling determined the extent to which heat strain was reduced during intermittent sprint cycling, with leg precooling offering the greater ergogenic effect on PPO than either upper body or whole body cooling.

scholarly journals Whole body passive heating versus dynamic lower body exercise: A comparison of peripheral hemodynamic profiles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Bharat Amin ◽  
Alexander B. Hansen ◽  
Hendrik Mugele ◽  
Felix Willmer ◽  
Florian Gross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Dynamic Exercise ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Passive Heating ◽  
Femoral Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Stepping Exercise

Passive heating has emerged as a therapeutic intervention for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Like exercise, heating increases peripheral artery blood flow and shear rate which is thought to be a primary mechanism underpinning endothelium mediated vascular adaptation. However, few studies have compared the increase in arterial blood flow and shear rate between dynamic exercise and passive heating. In a fixed crossover design study, 15 moderately trained healthy participants (25.6 ± 3.4 years) (5 female) underwent 30 minutes of whole body passive heating (42 °C bath), followed on a separate day by 30 minutes of semi-recumbent stepping exercise performed at two workloads corresponding to the increase in cardiac output (Qc) (Δ3.72 l∙min-1) and heart rate (HR) (Δ38 bpm) recorded at the end of passive heating. Results: At the same Qc (Δ3.72 l∙min-1 vs 3.78 l∙min-1), femoral artery blood flow (1599 ml/min vs 1947 ml/min) (p=0.596) and shear rate (162 s -1 vs 192 s-1) (p=0.471) measured by ultrasonography were similar between passive heating and stepping exercise. However, for the same HR matched intensity, femoral blood flow (1599 ml·min-1 vs 2588 ml·min-1) and shear rate (161s-1 vs 271s-1) were significantly greater during exercise, compared with heating (both P=<0.001). The results indicate that, for moderately trained individuals, passive heating increases common femoral artery blood flow and shear rate similar to low intensity continuous dynamic exercise (29% VO2max), however exercise performed at a higher intensity (53% VO2max) results in significantly larger shear rates towards the active skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Whole-Body Vibration Training on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Clinical and Functional Outcomes, and Quality of Life in Women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Vanessa G. C. Ribeiro ◽  
Ana C. R. Lacerda ◽  
Jousielle M. Santos ◽  
Ana C. Coelho-Oliveira ◽  
Sueli F. Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Fibromyalgia Syndrome ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vibration Training ◽  
Whole Body Vibration Training

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) on blood brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and determine the clinical and functional outcomes in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Thirty-two women with FMS were randomized into an intervention group (IG), receiving 6 weeks of WBVT, or a control group (CG) with no intervention. The outcomes at the baseline and follow-up in both groups included blood BDNF levels, sit-to-stand test (STS), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and visual analogue scale (VAS). WBVT resulted in a group-by-time interaction effect. Thus, after the intervention time, the IG had increased blood BDNF levels ( p = 0.045 ), a higher number of repetitions on the STS test ( p = 0.011 ), and increased walking distance on the 6MWT ( p = 0.010 ), compared to CG. Moreover, there was a reduction in the scores of the FIQ ( p = 0.001 ), the PSQI ( p = 0.001 ), the BDI ( p = 0.017 ), and pain assessed using VAS ( p = 0.008 ) in IG. The results demonstrate that WBVT promotes an increase in blood BDNF levels, with concomitant improvement in lower limb muscle strength, aerobic capacity, clinical symptoms, and quality of life in women with FMS. This trial is registered with Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (REBEC; RBR-38nbbx) (https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-38nbbx).

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