The Factor Structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Population

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Skilbeck ◽  
Kieran Holm ◽  
Mark Slatyer ◽  
Matthew Thomas ◽  
Tony Bell
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Best Fit

Abstractrimary Objectives:To examine the HADS structure in TBI, using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and investigate the effects of TBI severity, Gender, and Age on factor scores.Methods and Procedures:HADS data from 186 TBI patients in a population study in Tasmania were subjected to EFA. HADS data from a second sample of 185 TBI participants in the same study underwent CFA. One-month follow-up data were used, allowing inclusion of severe TBI patients while still being early post-injury. Factor loadings were used to investigate the effects of demographic and clinical variables at 2 weeks post-injury.Results:While EFA suggested 2-factor (anxiety, depression) and 3-factor (anxiety, psychomotor, depression) structures provided adequate descriptions, CFA strongly supported the 3-factor model. Using this model, significant effects of TBI severity were noted on Psychomotor and Depression scores at 2 weeks post-injury. Males reported significantly fewer symptoms on all 3 factors, as did younger participants.Conclusions:CFA indicates that a 3-factor model provides the best fit for HADS data in TBI. One factor, Psychomotor, has been relatively neglected in the literature, and the current findings suggest its assessment and rehabilitation should receive more attention.

The Hopelessness Scale: A Factor Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Pompili ◽  
Roberto Tatarelli ◽  
James R. Rogers ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Principal Axis ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Beck Hopelessness Scale ◽  
Principal Axis Factor Analysis ◽  
Correlated Factors ◽  
Principal Axis Factor

A confirmatory factor analysis of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in a sample of 340 Italian students did not support the 3-factor model reported for previous samples of psychiatric patients. A follow-up principal axis factor analysis yielded two interpretable correlated factors, suggesting that the structure of the scale may differ across clinical and nonclinical groups and as a function of nationality.

scholarly journals The structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in four cohorts of community-based, healthy older people: the HALCyon program

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharine R. Gale ◽  
Michael Allerhand ◽  
Avan Aihie Sayer ◽  
Cyrus Cooper ◽  
Elaine M. Dennison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Older People ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Hospital Anxiety ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

ABSTRACTBackground: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is widely used but evaluation of its psychometric properties has produced equivocal results. Little is known about its structure in non-clinical samples of older people.Methods: We used data from four cohorts in the HALCyon collaborative research program into healthy aging: the Caerphilly Prospective Study, the Hertfordshire Ageing Study, the Hertfordshire Cohort Study, and the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921. We used exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis with multi-group comparisons to establish the structure of the HADS and test for factorial invariance between samples.Results: Exploratory factor analysis showed a bi-dimensional structure (anxiety and depression) of the scale in men and women in each cohort. We tested a hypothesized three-factor model but high correlations between two of the factors made a two-factor model more psychologically plausible. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the sizes of the respective item loadings on the two factors were effectively identical in men and women from the same cohort. There was more variation between cohorts, particularly those from different parts of the U.K. and in whom the HADS was administered differently. Differences in social-class distribution accounted for part of this variation.Conclusions: Scoring the HADS as two subscales of anxiety and depression is appropriate in non-clinical populations of older men and women. However, there were differences between cohorts in the way that individual items were linked with the constructs of anxiety and depression, perhaps due to differences in sociocultural factors and/or in the administration of the scale.

Adapting “Color Blindness” to South Korean Attitudes Toward Multicultural Minorities: Scale Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-390
Author(s):  
Keun Young Baek ◽  
Young Seok Seo ◽  
Ae Ran Kim ◽  
Jinlan Piao
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Criterion Variables ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Additional Variance ◽  
Three Factor

Four studies were conducted to develop and validate the South Korean Attitudes Toward Multicultural Minorities Scale (SKAMMS). Exploratory factor analysis ( n = 336) identified three factors: Unawareness of South Korean Privilege and Discrimination against Multicultural Minorities, Attitudes Against Multiculturalism, and Attitudes Against Advocacy and Policy for Multicultural Minorities. Confirmatory factor analysis ( n = 537) provided cross-validation of the 16-item, three-factor model and identified that a three-factor bifactor model best fit the data. Correlational analyses provided evidence of the discriminant and convergent validities of the SKAMMS. Evidence of incremental validity of the SKAMMS was obtained ( n = 165), where the SKAMMS accounted for additional variance in criterion variables (i.e., cognitive, affective, and behavioral reactions toward racism) above other measures of attitudes toward multicultural minorities. The estimated 2-week test-retest reliabilities ( n = 53) ranged from .67 to .82. We discuss implications for the use of the SKAMMS for practice, advocacy, education/training, and research.

scholarly journals A factor analytic examination of the Achievement Goal Questionnaire-Revised: A three-factor model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamden K Strunk
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Achievement Goal ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Three Factor

The literature in achievement goals includes mixed results as to the factor structure of achievement goal measures, particularly the Achievement Goal Questionnaire, Revised (AGQ-R). In a sample of 1,496 undergraduate students (600 men, 891 women, 5 gender unreported; M age = 20.6 yr., SD = 3.2), the AGQ-R was subjected to an exploratory factor analysis that suggested three factors. Then, in a different sample of 1,125 undergraduate students (270 men, 750 women, 5 gender unreported; M age = 21.7 yr., SD = 5.4), the measure was subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis, in which a three-factor solution, again, showed the best fit to the observed data. The implications of these results for the measurement of achievement goals are discussed.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Gotland Male Depression Scale in an Australian Community Sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon M. Rice ◽  
Helen M. Aucote ◽  
Anne Maria Möller-Leimkühler ◽  
G. Paul Amminger
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Male Depression ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Australian Community ◽  
Latent Factor Models

Abstract. The Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS) was developed to improve the assessment and identification of depression in men by assessing symptoms that fall outside DSM-V/ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for depression. However, research findings from the GMDS have been markedly discrepant. Attempts to validate the latent GMDS factor structure using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) have yielded inconsistent results, bringing the validity and public health utility of the scale into question. The current study used confirmatory factor analysis to test the construct validity of five competing latent factor models identified from prior research. Data were obtained and analyzed separately from an Australian community sample of adult males (n = 318) and females (n = 345). Fit indices demonstrated the original GMDS two-factor model (distress, depression) to be a poor fit to the data. An alternative mixed three-factor model demonstrated improved model fit, although indices remained marginal. Results question the factor structure validity of the GMDS in the present sample and highlight the need for further psychometric development of the scale.

Validity of the Interest-and Deprivation-Type Epistemic Curiosity Model in Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan A. Litman ◽  
Patrick Mussel
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Intellectual Stimulation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Competing Models ◽  
Epistemic Curiosity ◽  
Best Fit

Three studies were conducted to evaluate the validity of the interest (I) and deprivation (D) type epistemic curiosity (EC) distinction in three German samples. In Study 1 (N = 395) and Study 2 (N = 191), responses to German translations of the Epistemic Curiosity Scale and the Curiosity as a Feeling-of-Deprivation Scale were submitted to confirmatory factor analysis. The previously found 10-item 2-factor model ( Litman, 2008 ; Litman, Crowson, & Kolinski, 2010 ) had the best fit compared to competing models. In Study 1, Study 2, and Study 3 (N = 249), the I- and D-type EC scales correlated positively with intellectual stimulation measures, providing evidence of convergent validity. I-type EC correlated with enjoying new discoveries and ideas, whereas D-type EC was associated with persistence and solving problems, providing evidence of discrimination.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Computer Hassles Scale

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 883-890
Author(s):  
Richard A. Hudiburg
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Latent Structure ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Normative Database ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Best Fit

The objective of this research was to determine the latent structure of the Computer Hassles Scale using confirmatory factor analysis. This study employed a normative database of 1199 student computer users. Both a priori and a posteriori latent structure models were tested using LISREL. The analyses did not support a latent structure of the scale based on the scale's original two-factor definition. Using various goodness-of-fit indices, a four-factor model was the best fit.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the Reynolds Child Depression Scale in Community and Clinical Samples

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Figueras Masip ◽  
Juan Antonio Amador Campos ◽  
Joan Guàrdia Olmos
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Child Depression ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The factor structure of the Reynolds Child Depression Scale (RCDS; Reynolds, 1989), analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis and the scale's psychometric characteristics in a sample of 315 participants (140 boys and 175 girls) and a clinical sample of 62 participants (37 boys and 25 girls) between 10 and 12 years old, are presented. Two models are tested with confirmatory factor analysis: a one-factor model and a five-factor model. Both models show a good fit, but the one-factor model was chosen because it is the most parsimonious. The reliability coefficient ranged from .87 (at test) to .89 (at retest) in the community sample, and was .90 in the clinical sample (at test). Test-retest reliability was .66 in the community sample. Concurrent validity with other self-reports that measure depressive symptomatology was high, both in the community sample (.76) and the clinical sample (.71). There were no significant sex differences but there were differences due to age (school grade).

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the SOC-13 Scale in Colombian Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13017
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Mafla ◽  
Mauricio Herrera-López ◽  
Karen España-Fuelagan ◽  
Iván Ramírez-Solarte ◽  
Carmen Gallardo Pino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
High Internal Consistency ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Composite Reliability ◽  
Three Factor

The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the SOC-13 in Colombian adults. The SOC-13 questionnaire was administered to 489 individuals aged ≥18 years who were in lockdown from March to July 2020 in Nariño County, Colombia. Psychometric properties of the scale were examined using a cross-validation method via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Additionally, configural and metric invariance were tested. To determine the internal consistency of the questionnaire, McDonald’s omega (ω), Cronbach’s alpha (α), and composite reliability (CR) coefficients were estimated. The EFA determined that a three-factor structure best fit the data (comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness) and CFA confirmed this three-factor model structure showing a good fit (χ2S-B = 188.530, χ2S-B/(62) = 3.615, p = 0.001; NNFI = 0.959; CFI = 0.968; RMSEA = 0.052 (90% CI [0.041–0.063]) and SRMR = 0.052).The invariance analysis indicated the same underlying theoretical structure between genders. Additionally, (ω), (α), and (CR) coefficients confirmed a high internal consistency of the instrument. The SOC-13 scale, reflecting comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness, is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the sense of coherence in Colombian populations.

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