Motivation, Cognitive, and Affective Factors that Predict Smoking Relapse: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Filipino Sample

AbstractIn the plethora of international research on smoking relapse there are findings that suggest distinct ethnocultural differences in relapse predictors. This study aimed to uncover cognitive and affective factors that contribute to relapse in a sample of Filipino adult smokers (N = 115). Using discriminant function analysis, results suggest that self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, craving and the subdomains of motivation to change contemplation and action are accurate relapse predictors, whereas negative emotional states are not. An integrative framework was used in the discussion to account for inconsistencies in the results. Implications for understanding the relapse cycle, the connection between smoking relapse and substance use, as well as suggestions for future studies on smoking relapse, are also discussed.

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Predictors of Changes in Travel Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Tourists’ Personalities

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182111169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (21) ◽

pp. 11169

Author(s):

Cezar Morar ◽

Alexandru Tiba ◽

Biljana Basarin ◽

Miroslav Vujičić ◽

Aleksandar Valjarević ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Travel Behavior ◽

Online Survey ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Specific Information ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Affective Factors ◽

Sense Of Efficacy ◽

Travel Restrictions ◽

Fun Seeking ◽

Cognitive And Affective Factors

This study investigates travel behavior and psychosocial factors that influence it during the COVID-19 pandemic. In a cross-sectional study, using an online survey, we examined changes in travel behavior and preferences after lifting travel restrictions, and how these changes were influenced by exposure to COVID-19, COVID-19 travel-related risk and severity, personality, fear of travel, coping, and self-efficacy appraisals in the Romanian population. Our results showed that participants traveled less in the pandemic year than the year before—especially group and foreign travel—yet more participants reported individual traveling in their home county during the pandemic period. Distinct types of exposure to COVID-19 risk, as well as cognitive and affective factors, were related to travel behavior and preferences. However, fun-seeking personality was the only major predictor of travel intention, while fear of travel was the only predictor of travel avoidance. Instead, people traveled more cautiously when they perceived more risk of infection at the destination, and had higher levels of fear of travel, but also a high sense of efficacy in controlling the infection and problem-solving capacity. The results suggest that specific information about COVID-19, coping mechanisms, fear of travel, and neuropsychological personality traits may affect travel behavior in the pandemic period.

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Postpartum smoking relapse among women who quit during pregnancy: Cross-sectional study in Japan

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research ◽

10.1111/jog.12098 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 39 (11) ◽

pp. 1505-1512 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Takako Yasuda ◽

Toshiyuki Ojima ◽

Mieko Nakamura ◽

Akiko Nagai ◽

Taichiro Tanaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Smoking Relapse

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Employee reactiveness and inclusive leadership: time to manage emotional diversity

South Asian Journal of Business Studies ◽

10.1108/sajbs-02-2020-0042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Preeti S. Rawat ◽

Shiji Lyndon ◽

Manas Ranjan Pradhan ◽

Jackson Jose ◽

Milcah Kollenchira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Leadership Role ◽

Emotional States ◽

Leadership Qualities ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inclusive Leadership ◽

Content Type ◽

Integrative View ◽

Emotions In The Workplace

PurposeThe different perspectives of diversity have until recently ignored emotional diversity primarily because emotions were discounted as “irrational.” To highlight the need for a broader integrative view of emotions in the workplace, the question addressed in the study was whether inclusive leadership helped emotionally reactive employees improve their performance and whether these employees displayed potential leadership qualities for future roles.Design/methodology/approachThe study was qualitative. This cross-sectional study applied qualitative methods to gather the required information. Sixteen business heads across different sectors in India were purposively chosen for in-depth interviews with respondents. The interviews were semi-structured. The approach of theoretical sampling was adopted. From the initial set of questions, the next set of questions was evolved and the itineration was continued until saturation was achieved.FindingsThe results showed that mentoring and empowerment helped emotionally reactive employees improve their performance. On the question of their potential leadership role, the results were mixed.Research limitations/implicationsThe follower (protégé) perception, if also taken, can validate whether the person-centered style helped in the performance improvement of the followers. The responses of the leaders were based on their memory and no reports were checked from their office records to corroborate the same.Practical implicationsResearchers have argued that worker behavior and productivity are directly affected by employee affect and emotional states. The study contributes significantly to creating emotionally inclusive workplaces.Originality/valueThe study is focused on the role of diversity of emotions in the workplace impacting productivity. Emotions are vital and affect the workplace significantly. The study focused on what organizations could do to handle emotionally reactive employees at work. The study showed that inclusive leadership through mentoring and empowerment helped in assimilating difficult employees into the mainstream work.

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Pink purchasing: Interrogating the soft power of Japan’s kawaii consumption

Journal of Consumer Culture ◽

10.1177/14695405211013849 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 146954052110138

Author(s):

Shiri Lieber-Milo

Keyword(s):

Soft Power ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Japanese Women ◽

Emotional States ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Younger Women ◽

Female Consumers ◽

Consumption Culture ◽

Study Results ◽

And Behavior

In Japan, high value and appreciation is ascribed to anything that features the physical characteristics considered to be kawaii (roughly translated as cute in English), particularly infants. As such, kawaii plays a significant role in Japanese popular consumption culture, especially for female consumers. This article applies mixed methods, including review of literature, questionnaires conducted among 692 Japanese women of varying ages and social status, and interviews with 12 Japanese company female employees to investigate perceived positive affective aspects associated with kawaii products, including their impact on emotional states and behavior. The cross-sectional study results reveal the importance of kawaii among Japanese women and positive aspects in consuming kawaii items; for working women, it was found that kawaii products help in dealing with stress and serve as a momentary gateway from the harsh world of everyday life to a romanticized world of one’s childhood and for younger women serve as a fashion statement.

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Pathological Childhood Masturbation in Children Who Referred to a Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic

Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics ◽

10.5812/compreped.65121 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Maryam Izadi-Mazidi ◽

Forough Riahi

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Child And Adolescent ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Clinical Psychologist ◽

Psychiatric Clinic ◽

Adolescent Psychiatrist ◽

Emotional States ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Common Location ◽

Age Range

Background: Epidemiological information on childhood masturbation and its associated factors have received little attention in Iran. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of pathological childhood masturbation in children as an outpatient child and adolescent psychiatric clinic in Ahvaz. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2015 to 2017on all children (age range of 2 - 12 years) with pathological masturbation who were referred to a child and adolescent psychiatric clinic in Ahvaz. A clinical psychologist and a child and adolescent psychiatrist diagnosed masturbation after taking the history of the child or his/her parent and watching a video of the behavior. The data were collected via clinical interview and demographic form and analyzed via SPSS16. Results: Among 600 children, 65 (10.8%) had pathological masturbation. The most common behavior during masturbation was genital stimulation with hand and rubbing of the genitalia against other objects. The most common emotional states in which they masturbated were boredom (23.07%) and agitation (12.3%). Toilet was the most common location for masturbation (6.15%). The pathological masturbation co-occurred in 76.88% of children with other psychiatric disorders. The most prevalent psychiatric disorders in children with masturbatory behavior were Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a comorbid psychiatric disorder. Conclusions: Knowing this problem, its behavioral patterns, situations in which masturbation occurs, and its comorbid disorders facilitate diagnosis and prevent unnecessary tests and treatments.

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Emotional states of different obesity phenotypes: A sex-specific study in a west-Asian population

10.21203/rs.3.rs-48797/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fahimeh Mehrabi ◽

Parisa Amiri ◽

Leila Cheraghi ◽

Ali Kheradmand ◽

Farhad Hosseinpanah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Asian Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Emotional States ◽

Psychological Consequences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Men And Women ◽

Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽

Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Stress Levels ◽

Metabolically Healthy

Abstract Background: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of obesity phenotypes with depression, anxiety, and stress among adults in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)."Methods: Depression, anxiety, and stress levels of participants from the TLGS were examined among different obesity phenotypes in this cross-sectional study. Weight, height, and waist circumferences of participants were measured. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m², and metabolically unhealthy status based on having metabolic syndrome (MetS) or type 2 diabetes. Four obesity phenotypes were defined: 1) Metabolically Healthy Non-Obese (MHNO), 2) Metabolically Healthy Obese (MHO) 3) Metabolically Unhealthy Non-Obese (MUNO), and 4) Metabolically Unhealthy Obese (MUO). Emotional states of different obesity phenotypes were assessed by the Persian version of depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 items (DASS-21). Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to compare sex-specific odds ratios of depression, anxiety, and stress in different obesity phenotypes. Results: The mean age of 2469 men and women was 46.2±15.9 and 45.6±14.7, respectively. In total, women were more likely to experience higher levels of depression (30.5%), anxiety (44.2%), and stress (43.5%) symptoms compared to men. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared to MHNO men, the odds of experiencing higher anxiety levels were significantly greater in metabolically unhealthy men whether they were obese (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.25-2.54; P=<0.001) or non-obese (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.17-2.21; P= <0.001), and also in MUO women (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.28-2.34; P=<0.001) compared to MHNO women. Moreover, the odds of experiencing higher stress levels were significantly greater in MUNO men (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02-1.90; P=0.04) compared to MHNO men, and in MUO women (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.07-1.96; P=0.02) compared to MHNO women. No difference in having higher levels of depression was observed in either sex. Conclusions: Our results showed that men and women with various obesity phenotypes experience different anxiety and stress levels. While MUO women and all metabolically unhealthy men experienced more anxiety and stress levels than MHNO individuals, none of the obesity phenotypes were associated with depression. These findings provide insight into recognizing the psychological consequences of different phenotypes of obesity.

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Self-Perceived Mental Health Status, Digital Activity, and Physical Distancing in the Context of Lockdown Versus Not-in-Lockdown Measures in Italy and Croatia: Cross-Sectional Study in the Early Ascending Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic in March 2020

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.621633 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Vanja Kopilaš ◽

Anni M. Hasratian ◽

Lucia Martinelli ◽

Goran Ivkić ◽

Lovorka Brajković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Direct Contact ◽

Online Survey ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Emotional States ◽

Infected Person ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Contact Group ◽

Custom Made ◽

Post Traumatic ◽

Group 2

The novelty of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is that it is occurring in a globalized society enhanced by digital capabilities. Our aim was to analyze the psychological and emotional states of participants in different pandemic-related contexts, with a focus on their digital and physical distancing behaviors. The online survey was applied during the ascending phase of the pandemic in March 2020 in two neighboring EU countries: Italy and Croatia. The study subjects involved four groups, two directly affected by epidemiological measures and two serving as controls—(1) participants from Italy who were in lockdown (Italy group), (2) participants from Croatia who were not in lockdown but who were in direct contact with an infected person and underwent epidemiological measures (CRO-contact group), (3) participants from Croatia who were in an analogous situation but not near the same infected person (CRO-no contact group), and (4) participants from Croatia who were not aware of any infected person (CRO-unrelated group). The survey consisted of validated scales of psychological and emotional states, and custom-made questionnaires on the digital (online) and physical (off-line) behavior of the participants. The Italy group in lockdown had higher self-perceived scores for depression, stress, post-traumatic intrusion, and avoidance, as well as the highest digital activity and physical distancing than the not-in-lockdown Croatian groups. The insight into the extent of online activities and off-line isolation allowed for the introduction of Digital Activity and Physical Distancing Scores. Self-perceived post-traumatic avoidance was higher in both the Italy and CRO-contact groups than the control CRO-no contact and CRO-unrelated groups, and higher avoidance correlated with higher Digital Activity and Physical Distancing Scores. Being in direct contact with the infected person, the CRO-contact group had no other alterations than unexpectedly lower post-traumatic hyperarousal when compared with the Italy group. The Italy group in lockdown demonstrated higher self-perceived psychological toll together with higher digital activity and physical distancing than Croatian groups not in lockdown, even when compared with the affected CRO-contact group. The study outcomes suggest that the general emergency measures influenced citizens in lockdown more than exposure to the virus through direct contact with an infected person.

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Emotional states of different obesity phenotypes: A sex-specific study in a west-Asian population

10.21203/rs.3.rs-48797/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fahimeh Mehrabi ◽

Parisa Amiri ◽

Leila Cheraghi ◽

Ali Kheradmand ◽

Farhad Hosseinpanah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Asian Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Emotional States ◽

Psychological Consequences ◽

Future Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Men And Women ◽

Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Stress Levels ◽

Metabolically Healthy

Abstract Background: The present study aimed to investigate the associations of obesity phenotypes with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among adults in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).Methods: Depression, anxiety, and stress levels of participants from the TLGS were examined among different obesity phenotypes in this cross-sectional study. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m², and metabolically unhealthy status based on having metabolic syndrome (MetS) or type 2 diabetes. Four obesity phenotypes were defined: 1) Metabolically Healthy Non-Obese (MHNO), 2) Metabolically Healthy Obese (MHO) 3) Metabolically Unhealthy Non-Obese (MUNO), and 4) Metabolically Unhealthy Obese (MUO). Emotional states of different obesity phenotypes were assessed by the Persian version of depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 items (DASS-21). Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to compare sex-specific odds ratios of depression, anxiety, and stress in different obesity phenotypes. Results: The mean age of 2469 men and women was 46.2±15.9 and 45.6±14.7, respectively. In total, women were more likely to experience higher levels of depression (30.5%), anxiety (44.2%), and stress (43.5%) symptoms compared to men. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared to MHNO men, the odds of experiencing higher anxiety levels were significantly greater in metabolically unhealthy men whether they were obese (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.25-2.54; P=<0.001) or non-obese (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.17-2.21; P= <0.001), and also in MUO women (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.28-2.34; P=<0.001) compared to MHNO women. Moreover, the odds of experiencing higher stress levels were significantly greater in MUNO men (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02-1.90; P=0.04) compared to MHNO men and in MUO women (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.07-1.96; P=0.02) compared to MHNO women. No difference in depression levels was observed in either sex. Conclusions: Our results showed that men and women with various obesity phenotypes experienced different anxiety and stress levels. While MUO women and all metabolically unhealthy men experienced more anxiety and stress levels than MHNO individuals, none of the obesity phenotypes were associated with depression. These findings provide insight into recognizing the psychological consequences of different phenotypes of obesity in both sexes and utilizing future health promotion planning.

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Exploring unusual bodily experiences, basic self disturbances and multimodal hallucinations in the non-clinical population: a cross-sectional study

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2021.784 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (S1) ◽

pp. S296-S296

Author(s):

Lucretia Thomas ◽

Renate Reniers ◽

Lénie Torregrossa ◽

Clara Humpston

Keyword(s):

Population Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Clinical Population ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Emotional States ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

Bodily Experiences

AimsPsychosis research has largely focused on symptoms which are easier to define. Symptoms which are challenging to detect and articulate, including disturbances in the basic- and bodily-self, may not be volunteered by patients, despite causing significant distress. Increased understanding of such symptoms, which may present in the prodromal phase of psychosis and persist following the remission of positive symptoms, may allow patients who experience these to be better supported.This study aims to explore how disturbances in the basic- and bodily-self relate to multimodal hallucinations. Through sampling a non-clinical population, this study takes the continuum approach to psychosis, where individuals experience sub-clinical psychotic symptoms which do not cause distress or functional impairment.It is hypothesised that individuals with greater hallucination proneness will exhibit greater severity of ambiguous and imprecise mapping of bodily experiences, and will report greater levels of basic and bodily-self disturbance. This project also aims to evaluate Audiograph as a newly developed tool for creating representations of visual hallucinations.MethodThis is a two-stage cross-sectional study. In stage one, participants completed the Multi-Modality Unusual Sensory Experiences Questionnaire to assess hallucination-proneness. In stage two, all participants were invited to complete seven further validated questionnaires which assessed basic- and bodily self-disturbances alongside co-variates including anxiety and depression symptoms, delusion-proneness and loneliness. Participants also completed emBODY, a computer-based task which allows participants to map the bodily sensations they experience during 13 different emotional states. Participants with high-hallucination proneness also completed the Audiograph task. Hierarchical linear regression, conducted using Stata, will be used to model the influence of hallucination proneness on measures of basic- and bodily-self disturbance. MATLAB will be used to generate topographical maps of the data from emBODY; maps will be compared between different emotional states using linear discriminant analysis, and between high and low hallucination proneness groups using Spearman's test.ResultCurrently, 50 of the 104 stage one participants have completed stage two.Since this project comprises a compulsory component of the presenting author's intercalated degree, data collection will cease on the 29th of March in advance of their poster and write-up submission deadlines in May.ConclusionAlthough basic- and bodily-self disturbances have been assessed in previous studies using various techniques, no single study has assessed these alongside multimodal hallucinations to link these concepts together as a whole, especially not in a general population sample. The added value of this project is to precisely address this gap in knowledge.

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The role of emotional states in fruit and vegetable consumption in Brazilian adults

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/1413-81232017222.00982016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 489-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Helena Beatriz Rower ◽

◽

Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto ◽

Tonantzin Ribeiro Gonçalves ◽

Marcos Pascoal Pattussi

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽

Emotional States ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Behavioral Variables

Abstract The objective was to investigate the association between emotional states with adequate fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC). This is a population-based cross-sectional study with 1,100 adults from a medium-sized city in Southern Brazil. Adequate FVC was defined as concomitant intake ≥ 3 fruits and ≥ 5 tablespoons of vegetables per day. Exposures were self-perception of nervousness/stress and minor psychiatric disorders (MPD). Data analysis used logistic regression. After controlling for demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral variables, adults reporting lack of nervousness/stress were twice more likely to report adequate FVC than those who reported it. Similarly, those reporting not having MPD symptoms were 52% more likely to have adequate FVC than those who did not. These effects increased and remained significant among women.

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