scholarly journals Elizabeth M. Bryan: Tributes From Home and Abroad; Research Reviews: Anorexia Nervosa in Opposite-Sex Twins, Twin Study of Self-Esteem, DNA Differences in Monozygotic Twins; Twins and More Twins: Twins Living Apart, Twins Playing Together, Twins Working Together, Twins Playing Apart, Multiple Birth Odds

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-361
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Scientific Value

AbstractElizabeth M. Bryan: Tributes From Home and AbroadMay 13, 1942 – February 21, 2008The life and work of Dr Elizabeth M. Bryan, our late distinguished twin studies colleague, are remembered. Tributes come from colleagues in the United States and the United Kingdom, where Elizabeth lived and worked. This section is followed by reviews of twin research on anorexia nervosa, self-esteem and DNA differences in monozygotic twins. The lives of some noteworthy twins are also briefly chronicled, both for their scientific value and human interest. An update on current twinning rates follows.

scholarly journals Reflections on Twin Relationships: Twins Reared Apart and Twins of Opposite Sex / Research Reviews: Second Language Acquisition; Twin Research on Political Behavior; Twinning Rate in Cândido Godói / Human Interest: Twin ‘Cousins’ Separated at Birth; Chinese Quadruplets; Genetic Testing; KÀ (Cirque du Soleil)

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 788-792
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Cirque Du Soleil ◽  
Opposite Sex

The complexities of twin relationships posed by separate rearing and by opposite sex are considered. Unusual cases may highlight unique social-interactional processes and outcomes occurring in these pairs. Research reviews include recent twin studies on second language acquisition, political behavior, and multiple birth rates. Items of more general interest include twin ‘cousins’ reared apart, indistinguishable monozygotic quadruplets, a genetic testing dilemma, and a performance about separated twins.

Genetic factors in anorexia nervosa

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kipman ◽  
P. Gorwood ◽  
M.C. Mouren-Siméoni ◽  
J. Adès
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Adoption Studies ◽  
Complex Disorder ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
The One ◽  
Familial Environment

SummaryAnorexia nervosa is a severe and complex disorder with incompletely known vulnerability factors. It is generally recognized that anorexia nervosa is a familial disorder, but the majority of twin studies have shown that the concordance rate for monozygotic twins is higher (on average 44%) than for dizygotic twins (on average 12.5%). This difference in concordance rates shows that genetic factors, more than common familial environment, may explain why the `anorexia nervosa' phenotype runs in families. In order to estimate the heritability in the broad sense of anorexia nervosa according to published familial and twin studies, we first assessed the intrapair correlation between monozygotic and dizygotic twins, and secondly calculated the deviation threshold of relatives of affected probands from the relative mean. In this review, we obtained an estimation of the heritability at 0.72 according to all published controlled familial studies (six references quoted in MEDLINE®), and 0.71 for all published twin studies (59 references quoted in MEDLINE®). This estimation is close to the ones previously proposed, between 0.5 and 0.8.Familial and twin studies may also help to define the boundaries of the phenotype, shedding light on the complex relationship between anorexia nervosa on the one hand, and bulimia nervosa, mood disorders, and alcoholism on the other. Demonstrating the importance of genetic factors in anorexia nervosa, and more specifically for anorexia of the restrictive type, requires not only prospective and adoption studies (which are still lacking), but also genetic polymorphisms analyses, which began very recently.

scholarly journals Terminating Twins: Survival of One/Twin Research Reviews: Twin Discordance for Primordial Dwarfism; Twin Study of Public Service Motivation; Four-Parameter Model for Twin Research; Global Twinning at a Peak; Germline Differences of Monozygotic Twins/In the News: Twins and Dyngus Day; Triplets Born in Austrian Displaced Persons’ Camp; Superior, Film About Estranged Identical Twin Sisters; Adopting Own Twins After Surrogacy; Twins and Primordial Dwarfism Revisited

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Public Service Motivation ◽  
Identical Twin ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Twin Research ◽  
The Family ◽  
Primordial Dwarfism

Abstract Selective termination is the term used for the elimination of an abnormal fetus. In contrast, multifetal pregnancy reduction refers to the termination of one or more members of a twin or higher-order multiple birth set, respectively, to reduce the high risks associated with these pregnancies. The procedure can also be used when a serious physical condition is detected prenatally in a member of a multiple birth set. In a minority of cases, selective termination has reduced two healthy fetuses to one when parents wanted just one additional child in the family. In the present article, the perspectives of a surviving twin whose family wished to terminate both healthy fetuses are examined. Next, past and present twin studies of primordial dwarfism, public service motivation, an analytical model, the global twinning rate and germline differences are summarized. The article concludes with a synopsis of twin-related news that covers twins and Dyngus Day, triplets born in an Austrian displaced persons’ camp, the film Superior — about estranged identical twin sisters, a couple adopting their own twins after surrogacy and a new case of twins and primordial dwarfism, a condition introduced in the research reviews.

scholarly journals Measurement Invariance of Three Narcissism Questionnaires Across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany

Assessment ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
Eunike Wetzel ◽  
Felix J. Lang ◽  
Mitja D. Back ◽  
Michele Vecchione ◽  
Radoslaw Rogoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Pathological Narcissism ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Pathological Narcissism Inventory ◽  
The U.S

With a recent surge of research on narcissism, narcissism questionnaires are increasingly being translated and applied in various countries. The measurement invariance of an instrument across countries is a precondition for being able to compare scores across countries. We investigated the cross-cultural measurement invariance of three narcissism questionnaires (Brief Pathological Narcissism Inventory [B-PNI], Narcissistic Personality Inventory [NPI], and Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire [NARQ]) and mean-level differences across samples from the United States ( N = 2,464), the United Kingdom ( N = 307), and Germany ( N = 925). Overall, the B-PNI and NARQ functioned equivalently for the U.S. and U.K. participants. More violations of measurement invariance were found between Germany and the combined U.S. and U.K. samples, and for the NPI. In the B-PNI and NARQ, Americans scored higher than individuals from the United Kingdom regarding agentic aspects (self-sacrificing self-enhancement, admiration), while Germans scored lower than both Americans and U.K. individuals regarding antagonistic (entitlement rage, rivalry) and neurotic (hiding the self, contingent self-esteem) aspects. More inconsistent results were found for NPI facets. When noninvariance was present, observed means yielded biased results. Thus, the degree of measurement invariance across translated instrument versions should be considered in cross-cultural comparisons, even with culturally similar countries.

scholarly journals Experiences of Stalking in Same-Sex and Opposite-Sex Contexts

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1014-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine P. Sheridan ◽  
Adrian C. North ◽  
Adrian J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Female Victim ◽  
Male Victim ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Sex Role Stereotypes ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Opposite Sex

Most stalking literature reports on male stalkers and female victims. This work examines stalking experiences in 4 sex dyads: male stalker–female victim, female stalker–male victim, female–female dyads, and male–male dyads. Respondents were 872 self-defined victims of stalking from the United Kingdom and the United States who completed an anonymous survey. The study variables covered the process of stalking, effects on victims and third parties, and victim responses to stalking. Approximately 10% of comparisons were significant, indicating that sex of victim and stalker is not a highly discriminative factor in stalking cases. Female victims of male stalkers were most likely to suffer physical and psychological consequences. Female victims reported more fear than males did, and most significant differences conformed to sex role stereotypes. Earlier work suggested stalker motivation and prior victim–stalker relationship as important variables in analyses of stalking, but these did not prove significant in this work, perhaps because of sampling differences.

The development of global and domain self-esteem from ages 10 to 16 for Mexican-origin youth

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Harris ◽  
Eunike Wetzel ◽  
Richard W. Robins ◽  
M. Brent Donnellan ◽  
Kali H. Trzesniewski
Keyword(s):  
Rank Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Mexican Origin ◽  
Peer Relationship ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Mexican Origin Youth ◽  
The One ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

The current study investigated the development of global and domain (academic, physical, same-sex peer relationship, opposite-sex peer relationship) self-esteem from age 10 to 16 in a sample of Mexican-origin adolescents. Participants’ ( N = 674) responses on the Self-Description Questionnaire (SDQ; Marsh, 2005) II-S showed moderate rank-order stability across four time points. In terms of mean-level change, global self-esteem and most forms of domain self-esteem decreased across adolescence; the one exception is that opposite-sex peer relationship self-esteem increased. As expected, there were individual differences in rates of change for all SDQ subscales. Most domain self-esteem subscales were concurrently related to global self-esteem ( r’s ranged from .18 to.87), but they did not predict changes in global self-esteem over time. Academic self-esteem had the strongest concurrent associations with global self-esteem. In general, there were no consistent gender differences in rank-order stability, mean levels, or change over time of global and domain self-esteem. These findings provide insight into the development of self-esteem in a rapidly-growing segment of the population of the United States.

scholarly journals Measurement invariance of three narcissism questionnaires across the US, the UK, and Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunike Wetzel ◽  
Felix J. Lang ◽  
Mitja Back ◽  
Michele Vecchione ◽  
Radosław Rogoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Pathological Narcissism ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Us ◽  
Narcissistic Personality Inventory ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Pathological Narcissism Inventory

With a recent surge of research on narcissism, narcissism questionnaires are increasingly beingtranslated and applied in various countries. The measurement invariance of an instrument across countries is a precondition for being able to compare scores across countries. We investigated the cross-cultural measurement invariance of three narcissism questionnaires (Brief Pathological Narcissism Inventory, B-PNI; Narcissistic Personality Inventory, NPI; and Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire, NARQ) and mean-level differences across samples from the United States (N = 2,464), the United Kingdom (N = 307), and Germany (N = 925). Overall, the B-PNI and NARQ functioned equivalently for US and UK participants. More violations of measurement invariance were found between Germany and the combined US and UK samples, and for the NPI. In the B-PNI and NARQ, Americans scored higher than individuals from the UK regarding agentic aspects (self-sacrificing self-enhancement, admiration), while Germans scored lower than both Americans and UK individuals regarding antagonistic (entitlement rage, rivalry) and neurotic (hiding the self, contingent self-esteem) aspects. More inconsistent results were found for NPI facets. When noninvariance was present, observed means yielded biased results. Thus, the degree of measurement invariance across translated instrument versions should be considered in cross-cultural comparisons, even with culturally similar countries.

Effectiveness of Programs for the Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia Del Campo ◽  
Marisalva Fávero
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse Prevention ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Abstract. During the last decades, several studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of sexual abuse prevention programs implemented in different countries. In this article, we present a review of 70 studies (1981–2017) evaluating prevention programs, conducted mostly in the United States and Canada, although with a considerable presence also in other countries, such as New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The results of these studies, in general, are very promising and encourage us to continue this type of intervention, almost unanimously confirming its effectiveness. Prevention programs encourage children and adolescents to report the abuse experienced and they may help to reduce the trauma of sexual abuse if there are victims among the participants. We also found that some evaluations have not considered the possible negative effects of this type of programs in the event that they are applied inappropriately. Finally, we present some methodological considerations as critical analysis to this type of evaluations.

Creating a ‘Masala’ Self: Bicultural Identity in Desi Young Adult Novels

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Superle
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Young People ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Small Body ◽  
The United States ◽  
Young Adult Fiction ◽  
Bicultural Identity ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Institutional Forces ◽  
Cultural Identity Development

In the past two decades, the previously silent voices of diasporic Indian writers for young people have emerged, and a small body of texts has begun to develop in the United States and the United Kingdom. One of the major preoccupations of these texts is cultural identity development, especially in the novels published for a young adult audience, which often feature protagonists in the throes of an identity crisis. For example, the novels The Roller Birds of Rampur (1991) by Indi Rana, Born Confused (2002) by Tanuja Desai Hidier, and The Not-So-Star-Spangled Life of Sunita Sen (2005) by Mitali Perkins all focus on an adolescent girl coping with her bicultural identity with angst and confusion, and delineate the ways her self-concept and relationships are affected. The texts are empowering in their suggestion that young people have the agency to explore and create their own balanced bicultural identities, but like other young adult fiction, they ultimately situate adolescents within insurmountable institutional forces that are much more powerful than any individual.

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