EFFECT OF ANKLE EXERCISE ON VENOUS BLOOD VELOCITY

SummaryThe effects of graduated compression stockings (GCS) on venous blood velocity have not been established. In healthy subjects, most investigations showed no effect on blood velocity, but mixed results have been reported. In this investigation we to test the hypothesis that popliteal blood velocity is increased by properly fitted GCS. Time average peak velocity in the popliteal vein, as well as time average mean velocity, vein diameter and mean volumetric flow were measured by pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound in 25 healthy male volunteers without compression stockings and repeated with fitted thigh-length compression stockings. Measurements were obtained while supine and while sitting at rest and during ankle exercise. Thigh-length GCS did not increase popliteal vein blood velocity, diameter, or volumetric blood flow while supine or sitting, with or without ankle exercise.

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Venous Doppler in the Evaluation of Fetal Hydrops

Obstetrics and Gynecology International ◽

10.1155/2010/430157 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C. Hofstaetter ◽

S. Gudmundsson

Keyword(s):

Doppler Sonography ◽

Umbilical Vein ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Blood Velocity ◽

Ductus Venosus ◽

Venous Blood Flow ◽

Fetal Hydrops ◽

Routine Work ◽

The Right ◽

Work Up

Objective. To examine venous blood flow velocity in different types of fetal hydrops and its value in the prediction of outcome of pregnancies.Methods. Venous Doppler sonography was performed in 100 hydropic fetuses from 15 to 37 weeks of gestation. Blood velocity was recorded in the right hepatic vein (HV), the ductus venosus (DV) and in the intra-abdominal part of the umbilical vein (UV). Blood velocity indices were calculated and pulsations in the umbilical vein noted and grouped into a single, double or triple flow pattern. Blood velocity was related to cause of hydrops.Results. Mortality was noted in 51 cases of which 19 were by termination of pregnancy. Mortality in the 30 with normal venous blood velocity was 35%, but 58% in cases of abnormal Doppler. Abnormal HV and DV blood velocities were recorded in 39 and 34 cases, respectively and were strongly related to mortality ( and , resp.). UV pulsations were noted in 49 fetuses and were significantly related to mortality (). Mortality and abnormal venous velocities were most frequent in the low-output hydrops group (79% and 75%, resp.).Conclusions. Abnormal venous blood velocity is related to mortality in pregnancies complicated by fetal hydrops. Venous Doppler sonography should be a part of the routine work-up of pregnancies complicated by fetal hydrops.

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Effects of graduated compression stockings, local vibration and their combination on popliteal venous blood velocity

Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease ◽

10.1177/0268355520902000 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 505-512

Author(s):

Loïc Espeit ◽

Thomas Lapole

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Prone Position ◽

Doppler Ultrasound ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Peak Velocity ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Blood Velocity ◽

Compression Stockings ◽

Local Vibration ◽

Graduated Compression Stockings

Objectives The purpose of this pilot study was to examine and compare the effects of graduated compression stockings, local vibration, and combined graduated compression stockings and local vibration on popliteal venous blood velocity. Method Twenty-four healthy subjects received four 15 min interventions (control, graduated compression stockings alone, local vibration alone, and combined graduated compression stockings and local vibration), while resting inactive in the prone position. Popliteal vein blood velocity was investigated before (PRE) and at the end (POST) of each intervention using Doppler ultrasound. Results At POST, peak velocity was reported to be 26.3 ± 53.5% ( p < 0.05) greater for local vibration than control (CONT). Peak velocity was 46.2 ± 54.6% ( p < 0.001) and 21.1 ± 37.6% ( p < 0.01) higher for graduated compression stockings than CONT and local vibration, respectively. Graduated compression stockings + local vibration presented 64.1 ± 58.0% ( p < 0.001), 38.4 ± 52.4% ( p < 0.001) and 15.0 ± 31.6% ( p < 0.05) greater values than CONT, local vibration and graduated compression stockings, respectively. Conclusions This study demonstrated an increase in popliteal venous blood velocity after graduated compression stockings and local vibration application. Their combination provided the greatest effects.

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Venous Pumps of The Hand

Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) ◽

10.1016/s0266-7681(96)80137-9 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 595-599 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

P. SIMONS ◽

P. COLERIDGE SMITH ◽

W. R. LEES ◽

D. A. MCGROUTHER

Keyword(s):

Muscle Contraction ◽

Doppler Ultrasound ◽

Venous Return ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Blood Velocity ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Oedema Formation ◽

Velocity Increase ◽

Common Causes ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Oedema remains one of the most common causes of hand stiffness. Local venous return is intimately associated with oedema formation and management. To elucidate, the underlying mechanisms of venous return, the venous pumping systems in the hand were objectively and quantitatively investigated using Doppler ultrasound, cadaveric dissection and venography. It was demonstrated that functionally there are three independent venous systems: the superficial palmar, deep palmar and dorsal veins, which are activated by palm compression, isometric intrinsic muscle contraction, and dorsum compression, respectively. Each system was investigated independently and found to increase venous blood velocity in both the cephalic and ulnar veins. These systems were also shown to act in synergy, producing the greatest velocity increase when concurrently activated during fist-clenching. The volume of blood pumped during fist-clenching could also be potentiated by preloading by digit abduction. The clinical applications of these findings are discussed.

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Effect of sequential pneumatic compression therapy on venous blood velocity, refilling time, pain and quality of life in women with varicose veins: a randomized control study

Journal of Physical Therapy Science ◽

10.1589/jpts.28.1981 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (7) ◽

pp. 1981-1987 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Abeer Yamany ◽

Bassant Hamdy

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Compression Therapy ◽

Blood Velocity ◽

Randomized Control Study ◽

Randomized Control ◽

Control Study

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MR phase-contrast velocity mapping methods for measuring venous blood velocity in the deep veins of the calf

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

10.1002/jmri.22655 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 634-644 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Iain T. Pierce ◽

Peter D. Gatehouse ◽

X. Yun Xu ◽

David N. Firmin

Keyword(s):

Phase Contrast ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Blood Velocity ◽

Velocity Mapping

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Ankle exercise and venous blood velocity

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1160/th08-09-0615 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 101 (06) ◽

pp. 1100-1103 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Abdo Yaekoub ◽

Syed Ahsan ◽

Fadi Matta ◽

Monisha Lala ◽

Bakhtiar Mirza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Venous Thrombosis ◽

Peak Velocity ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Blood Velocity ◽

Popliteal Vein ◽

Venous Stasis ◽

Pulsed Doppler ◽

Healthy Male ◽

Pulsed Doppler Ultrasound

SummaryAnkle exercise increases venous blood velocity while supine, but the effect of ankle exercise on venous blood velocity while sitting is not known. In this investigation, we test the hypothesis that venous blood velocity can be increased while sitting by repetitive dorsiflexion of the foot. Time-averaged peak velocity (TAPV) in the popliteal vein of 20 healthy male volunteers was measured by pulsed Doppler ultrasound at rest and during ankle exercise in the supine and sitting positions. Right popliteal vein TAPV while supine at rest was 11 cm/second (sec) (95% confidence interval [CI] =9–13 cm/sec) and with ankle exercise it increased to 24 cm/sec (95% CI =20–28 cm/sec) (p<0.0001). With sitting at rest, right popliteal vein blood TAPV decreased from 11 cm/sec to 3 cm/sec (95% CI = 2–4 cm/sec) (p<0.0001). With ankle exercise while sitting, right popliteal vein TAPV increased to 18 cm/sec (95% CI =15–21 cm/sec) (p<0.0001). In conclusion, in both the supine and sitting positions, ankle exercise increased venous blood velocity, thereby transiently reducing a tendency toward venous stasis. Such ankle exercise might be useful in the prevention of stasis-induced deep venous thrombosis.

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A Study of Venous Return from the Leg during Exercise

Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease ◽

10.1177/026835558900400308 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 185-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

James W. Dickey

Keyword(s):

Plantar Flexion ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Full Range ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Ultrasound Velocity ◽

Blood Velocity ◽

Maximum Efficiency ◽

Venous Blood Flow ◽

Lower Extremity Muscle ◽

Flow Through

Bi-directional ultrasound velocity detector tracings were made of venous blood flow through the popliteal vein in the following situations: (1) walking normally; (2) walking in place; (3) sitting, foot on floor, with rhythmic plantar and dorsi-flexion; (4) sitting, foot on a treadle device requiring 20 degrees of plantar-flexion and 20 degrees of dorsi-flexion to complete a cycle; (5) using the treadle device while in recumbent position, and (6) pushing the foot in plantar flexion against a pedal equipped with a spring resistance. These studies show that active walking, which consists of both plantar flexion and dorsi-flexion, produces cephalad return of venous blood from the foot and leg. When the walking cycle is accompanied by weight bearing, plantar flexion produces a greater blood velocity. However, when there is no weight bearing, dorsi-flexion produces a greater blood velocity than plantar flexion. Therefore, when not bearing weight on the foot, a full range of dorsi-flexion as well as a full range of plantar flexion is essential to utilizing maximum efficiency of the lower extremity muscle pump.

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