COVID-19 and viral anti-Asian racism: A multimodal critical discourse analysis of memes and the racialization of the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 107-127
Author(s):  
Yan Wu ◽  
Matthew Wall
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Bottom Up

This article examines how internet memes both enacted and reproduced racialization of the COVID-19 pandemic. We were motivated to undertake this work by a surge in hatred towards and violence against people with East Asian heritage following the outbreak of COVID-19. We focus on memes because of their ubiquity in contemporary culture and their capacity to both reflect and shape discourses. We conduct a multimodal critical discourse analysis of two prominent memes – juxtaposing a ‘top-down’ process of meme selection and distribution (the sharing of ‘The Kung-Flu Kid’ meme on Instagram by Donald Trump Jr) with a ‘bottom-up’ process (the ‘Corona-chan’ meme that originated on the website 4chan). We situate our study in a growing literature on politicized memes, challenging an emerging consensus that lauds ‘bottom-up’ memes as a democratizing force enabling resistance to hegemony, inequality and injustice. While we do not reject this characterization outright, we add nuance, showing that racialized memetic discourses around COVID-19 were propagated both from the top-down and from the bottom-up. We conclude that memes are particularly powerful communicative tools in racialized discourse because their use of polysemy, humour and cultural reference allows them to subvert the mechanisms that sanction openly racist statements.

scholarly journals THE CRITIQUES AND IDEOLOGIES SHARED IN THE INAUGURATION SPEECH OF DONALD TRUMP (A STUDY OF CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imron Hizbullah ◽  
Muhammad Taufiq Al Makmun
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Discursive Practice ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
Political Condition

<em>This paper investigates the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) in studying the inauguration speech of Donald Trump at the Capitol Hill, Washington DC on January 20, 2017. The objective of the study is to uncover the hidden messages regarding ideologies shared and critiques appointed to Obama’s presidency. The paper uses the theory of CDA by Norman Fairclough by focusing on the three aspects of research which are (1) micro or linguistic analysis, (2) Mezzo or discursive analysis, and (3) macro or contextual analysis. The three dimensional model of CDA is aimed to uncover the ideologies shared and critiques appointed to based on linguistic features, socio-political aspect, and discursive practice. The American Dream is represented in seven issues risen which are (1) US economic condition during Obama’s presidency, (2) US political condition during Obama’s presidency, (3) US social condition during Obama’s presidency, (4) The concept of making America great again, (5) Anti-radical Muslim immigrants, (6) America First, and (7) Nationalism. The result of the study reveals that the speech brought some ideologies or thoughts shared to the audiences and might change the people’s perception on Obama’s two periods of presidency who is considered as failure.</em>

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF IDEOLOGIES IN DONALD TRUMP’S POLITICAL SPEECHES ON NATIONAL SECURITY : A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rize Rahmi Rahmi
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
National Security ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Discursive Practice ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Ideological Discourse ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
Ideological Structure

Although there were many studies of Political Discourse had been done in CDA approach, but still few studies concern withrelation of ideology and language in the discourse. This study aims to, 1) find the ideological discourse structureswhich are used to enhance ideology in political speeches delivered by Donald Trump and 2) reveal the ideologies found in the speeches of Donald Trump about National Security. The analysis in this study is based on Fairclough’s(1992 )framework of Critical Discourse Analysis which consists of three levels of analysis; textual, discursive practice and socio-cultural practice. Then, for textual analysis, the writer used one analytical tool that is the theory of Ideological Discourse Structure of the discourse by Van Dijk (2000). The results showed that Donald Trump used language tactfully to achieve his goal on politics. The conclusion obtained is that Donald Trump enhances fascist ideology in his speeches which can be seen through the ideological structure of discourse which is found in his political speech on National Security.

Interviewing for accountability

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-413
Author(s):  
Damian J. Rivers ◽  
Andrew S. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
National Conference ◽  
Discursive Strategy ◽  
Interview Performance ◽  
Discourse Historical Approach

Abstract During the National Policy Institute’s national conference in Washington D.C. on Saturday November 19th, 2016, Richard Spencer delivered a speech in praise of the election victory of President Donald Trump. Shortly after the conference, Spencer was an invited guest on the News One Now programme in which he participated in a 32-minute interview with black journalist, host and managing editor Roland Martin. Drawing attention to the ideological aspects of the Martin/Spencer interview performance, we adopt the analytical lens of the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) (Musolff 2014; Reisigl and Wodak 2009; Wodak 2001, 2009) to explore argumentation as a discursive strategy through topoi or argumentative warrants (Reisigl and Wodak 2009; Wodak 2009, 2011, 2015; Wodak and Boukala 2015).

scholarly journals Trump and Muslims: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Islamophobic Rhetoric in Donald Trump’s Selected Tweets

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402110041
Author(s):  
Mohsin Hassan Khan ◽  
Farwa Qazalbash ◽  
Hamedi Mohd Adnan ◽  
Lalu Nurul Yaqin ◽  
Rashid Ali Khuhro
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Presidential Candidate ◽  
Hillary Clinton ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Political Sphere

The emergence of Donald Trump as an anti-Muslim-Islam presidential candidate and victory over Hillary Clinton is an issue of debate and division in the United States’ political sphere. Many commentators and political pundits criticize Trump for his disparaging rhetoric on Twitter and present him as an example of how Twitter can be an effective tool for the construction and extension of political polarization. The current study analyzes the selected tweets by Donald Trump posted on Twitter to unmask how he uses language to construct Islamophobic discourse structures and attempts to form his ideological structures along with. The researchers hypothesize that Islamophobia is a marked feature of Trump’s political career realized by specific rhetorical and discursive devices. Therefore, the study purposively takes 40 most controversial tweets of Donald Trump against Islam and Muslims and carried out a critical discourse analysis with the help of macro-strategies of the discourse given by Wodak and Meyer and van Dijk’s referential strategies of political discourse. The findings reveal that Trump uses language rhetorically to exclude people of different ethnic identities, especially Muslims, through demagogic language to create a difference of “us” vs. “them” and making in this way “America Great Again”.

scholarly journals ARGUMENTATIVE STATEMENTS IN THE 2016 PRESIDENTIAL DEBATES OF THE U.S: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-174
Author(s):  
Rohmani Nur Indah ◽  
Andini Khoirunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Claim Data ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Discourse Structure ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Presidential Debates ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Mind Control ◽  
Toulmin’S Model

This study investigates the argumentative statements of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump during the debates. By employing two theories, Van Dijk's Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Toulmin's model of argument, it aims to expose how various ideologies are expressed in the structure of arguments. It uses Toulmin (2003) model of argument to analyze the structures of argumentation during the debates constituting six elements (i.e. claim, data, warrant, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal). While Van Dijk’s framework covering three levels of discourse structure (the meaning, the argumentation and the rhetoric) is used to analyze the reproduction of racism, manipulation, and Islamophobia. The result indicates the discourse of the candidates contributes the reproduction of manipulation by focusing on the positive self-presentation of “us” (civilized) and negative other-presentationof “them” (terrorists) as a mind control of the audience.

scholarly journals Reflection of Ideology: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Donald Trump’s Declaration Speech of Jerusalem as Capital City of Israel

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Widyo Andana Pradiptha ◽  
Tuti Purwati ◽  
Chusni Hadiati
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Text Structure ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The Social

This research focuses on the legitimacy of Donald Trump’s speech in declaring Jerusalem as the capital city of Israel on December 2017. This research aims to: (1) identify the text structure of the speech, (2) describe the social cognition of this speech, (3) and to reveal the social context of this speech. The compiled data is analyzed by using Van Dijk’s CDA theory of socio-cognitive (1988). This theory has interrelated three dimensions of analysis consisting of text structure, social cognition, and social context. The method of this research is qualitative by using the descriptive analysis. The data source of this research is the speech text of Donald Trump declaration speech of Jerusalem as Israel’s capital on December 2017. The result of this research shows that there is semantic aspect (microstructure) used by Donald Trump: Background (7), Detail (4), and Presupposition (15). From the analysis, the researcher argues that Donald Trump tends to be pro-Israel. This is supported in the structure of the text by how it consistently uses direct language to influence the emotional attachment of the intended by using logical facts and emotional involvement to make negative out-group representations to get positive representations to them and their allies. Furthermore, social cognition reveals the ideology and partisanship of Donald Trump about this conflict. It can be identified clearly by correlating the context of this speech to something that related to Israel-Palestine conflict. In social cognition, as the president of the United States of America, Donald Trump has a massive influence to the international world, even though it caused pros and contras for all elements of society. Possible further research about critical discourse analysis can be conducted by analyzing other issues. In short, it is also a suggestion to the other researchers to investigate more variation data such as news, advertisement, movie, and so on

scholarly journals A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Language of Persuasion Used in the Election Campaigns by American Parliaments

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Iman Jebur Janam
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
The Political ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Hillary Clinton ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Political Discourse Analysis ◽  
Domains Of Life

Persuasion can be defined as a scientific art which is closely connected with our life .Linguistically speaking, persuasion is achieved through many techniques termed "persuasive devices". These persuasive devices are covered in different domains of life. Accordingly, persuasion has been defined in various methods according to communication as ''a communication process in which a communicator searches to draw out a desired response from his receiver''. This paper investigates different strategies of persuasion used by different people in different domains of life and how those strategies differ when used in election parliament. The aim of this paper is to find out the strategies of persuasion used by different people and specifically in the election Campaigns.  It is hypothesized that Americans use different strategies of persuasion in order to affect others by changing their beliefs, attitudes and so on. This paper explains what is meant by the term "critical discourse analysis", (henceforth CDA), elaborates on the political discourse analysis and shows how it differs from (CDA).Outlining persuasion with its strategies which are used to influence on the others. Besides, it analyzes the data selected for this study which is the speeches of Hillary Clinton and Donald trump through the polling, then discusses the results and conclusions.

scholarly journals Themes in South-East Asian Newspaper Headlines on Rohingya Issue: Critical Discourse Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arina Isti’anah
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
The Media ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Abstract Language ◽  
East Asian Media ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

 ABSTRACT Language is regarded as a tool to present the ideologies of its users, including how media portray particular issue in their headlines. Rohingya has gained much attention by media, including South-East Asian newspapers. The massive clearing done by Myanmar government triggers the attention of media. Headlines are regarded as the important element of news since their jobs are to attract the readers and frame the ideologies of the readers as well as the media themselves. This paper attempts at discussing how South-East Asian media present Rohingya in their headlines. Five newspapers were involved: The Jakarta Post from Indonesia, Malaysia Kini from Malaysia, Mmtimes from Myanmar, The Nation from Thailand, and Daily Star from Bangladesh, taken during 2017. The analysis was focused on the choice of Theme in the headlines as it is the departing message of the headlines. The approach conducted was Critical Discourse Analysis utilizing the textual function of language offered by Halliday. The analysis revealed that South-East Asian media had similarities and differences in portraying Rohingya issue. The similarities were seen from the reflected ideologies, responsibility and blame, and the types of employed Themes. The difference was found in the way each media portrayed the ideologies. However, all media agreed to show their responsibility to end and solve Rohingya crisis to achieve peace and harmony amongst South-East countries.Keywords: headlines, critical discourse analysis, Rohingya  

scholarly journals Visibility, framing and importance: Images of the EU in Japan and South Korea

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-125
Author(s):  
Natalia Chaban ◽  
Christian Elias Schneider ◽  
Richard Malthus
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
News Media ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
General Public ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
The Eu

Addressing an under-researched theme of international images and perceptions of the EU, this paper scrutinizes the framings of the Union endorsed in the news media and expressed by the general public in the two East Asian OECD countries – Japan and South Korea. Conclusions indicate that the EU’s importance and presence is often underestimated in the region, and frequently seen in terms of ‘economic muscle’ only. The empirical data comes from a trans-national comparative research project, sponsored by the Asia-Europe foundation (ASEF). The research framework is interdisciplinary, drawing resources from critical discourse analysis, media and image studies, EU scholarship and political science

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