scholarly journals Prevalence of Newcastle disease virus in feces of free-range turkeys in Enugu, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1288-1293
Author(s):  
Obianuju Nkiruka Okoroafor ◽  
Paul Chukwuemeka Animoke ◽  
Edmund Chidiebere Mbegbu ◽  
Chinwe Justina Aronu ◽  
John Anelom Nwanta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Cloacal Swab ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Positive Serum ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Potential Risks

Background and Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) virus of free-range turkeys may be linked to outbreaks of ND in backyard chickens seen during Harmattan in Enugu State in Southeast Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ND virus and (NDV) detect NDV in the feces of free-range, domestic turkeys in Enugu, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 569 serum and 569 cloacal swab samples were collected from adult turkeys in selected households that keep turkeys and chickens together in the study area. The serum samples were assayed for antibodies against NDV using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, whereas the cloacal samples were subjected to virus detection using a hemagglutination (HA) test. Results: A total of 186 serum samples (32.7%) were positive for NDV and 383 (67.3%) were negative. Of the 186 NDV-positive serum samples, 138 (74.2%) had HI titers ≥ 8. The remaining 48 (25.8%) serum samples had HI titers <8. NDV was detected from the cloacal swabs of turkeys with NDV -positive serum samples. Conclusion: The turkeys in this study were not previously vaccinated with the NDV vaccine; thus, those with NDV -positive serum samples and virus shedding in their feces may be potential risks to chickens reared in the same households as well as on commercial farms in the area. Those turkeys with sera negative for NDV are regarded to be at risk if they encounter a virulent strain of NDV. Regular vaccination of turkeys against the NDV is advised, especially in backyard farms, where turkeys are reared together with chickens and other species of poultry.

scholarly journals Seroprevalensi Penyakit Egg Drop Syndrome pada Itik di Desa Tumbak Bayuh, Kecamatan Mengwi, Badung, Bali

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Gusti Ayu Yuniati Kencana ◽  
I Made Kardena ◽  
Ni Wayan Apsari Shantika Pratistha
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Protective Antibody ◽  
Serological Examination ◽  
Positive Serum ◽  
Antibody Titers

Egg Drop Syndrome can cause detrimental impacts on breeders due to reducing production and quality of theaffected eggs.This study aim was to determine the seroprevalece ofantibody against Egg Drop Syndrome (EDS) virus in ducks. Antibody titers examination was done from 75blood samplesof ducks thathave not been vaccinatedagainstEDS virus. The duck samples were collected from Tumbak Bayuh Village, Mengwi, Badung. Serological examination was held at the Virology Laboratory,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University by usingHaemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test. HI test results showed that 24 samples were positive contained antibody of the EDS,while 51 samples were negative. Range of EDS antibody titer observed was from24 to 27 HI units.  This results indicates that the ducks have protective antibody titer against EDS virus. The positive serum samples were also tested using HI test against Newcastle Disease (ND) virus with negative result. It can be concluded that the ducks in Tumbak Bayuh Village, Mengwi, Badung have 32% of antibody titer against EDS virus whichmight result from being exposed by EDS virus naturally.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of a Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from a Clinically Healthy Exotic Parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus) in Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wajid ◽  
Asma Basharat ◽  
Taseer Ahmed Khan ◽  
Muhammad Wasim ◽  
Shafqat Fatima Rehmani
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Melopsittacus Undulatus ◽  
Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus

ABSTRACT The complete genome sequence of a virulent Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) strain isolated from an exotic parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus) is described here. The virulent strain parakeet/Pak/R-Pindi/SFR-16/2016 was isolated from a bird reared as a pet in the province of Punjab in the northern region of Pakistan in 2016. Phylogenetic analysis classified the isolate as a member of NDV class II, subgenotype VIIi, in genotype VII.

Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus in Layers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Bordoloi ◽  
Anju Nayak ◽  
A.P. Singh ◽  
R.V. Singh ◽  
Kajal Jadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
F Gene ◽  
Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus

Background: Newcastle disease (ND) in spite of the availability of vaccines remains a constant threat to poultry producers worldwide. It is prevalent in Indian subcontinent and leads to economic losses. The present study was aimed with isolate and identify virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in layer poultry from field outbreaks.Methods: Total 47 samples consisting of nasal (05), oropharyngeal (13) and cloacal swabs (11) and tissue samples consisting of trachea (07), lungs (06), larynx (05) were collected from layer birds. For isolation of NDV swab and tissue samples were inoculated in 9-11 days old embryonated eggs via allantoic cavity route. After preparing the viral inoculum, 47 suspected samples (29 swab and 18 tissue samples) were inoculated in 141 embryonated eggs to isolate the virus.Result: Out of 47 samples 10 (21.27%) samples were positive for HA activity. All the 10 isolates showing HA activity subjected to Reverse-Transcriptase PCR of F gene and 6 were found positive in RT-PCR for F1 gene. The PCR amplified product showed amplicon at 356 bp and 254 bp positive for F1 and F2 gene, respectively. On basis of F gene, 06 (50%) isolates were considered as virulent Newcastle Disease Virus. One isolate sequence was submitted at NCBI with accession MT890653 On phylogenetic analysis MT890653 designated as Class II/ genotype II/ virulent strain and had the motif 112R-R-R-K-R-F117 at the cleavage site of the fusion protein.

scholarly journals Role of Pigeons in the Transmission of Avian Avulavirus (Newcastle Disease-Genotype VIId) to Chickens

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany F. Ellakany ◽  
Ahmed R. Elbestawy ◽  
Hatem S. Abd El-Hamid ◽  
Rasha E. Zedan ◽  
Ahmed R. Gado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Commercial Broiler

Newcastle disease is an acute fatal disease of poultry. The aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of the transmission of avian avulavirus (velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease-genotype VIId) from either intramuscularly (IM)- or intranasally (IN) infected 8-week-old Egyptian Baladi pigeons in contact with commercial Arbor Acres broiler chickens (4 weeks of age). The mortality of IM infected chickens and pigeons was 10/10 for chickens and 8/15 for pigeons, while the mortality of IN infected chickens and pigeons was 7/10 for chickens and only 1/15 for pigeons. The concentration of viral shedding in the oropharynx was higher than that in the cloaca for both IN and IM infected pigeons. Pigeons infected IN continued shedding the virus from the oropharynx from the 4th day post-infection (dpi) up to the 16th dpi, while IM infected pigeons stopped oropharyngeal shedding at the 11th dpi. Chickens in contact with infected pigeons developed severe respiratory, digestive and nervous signs. The mortality rates in chickens in contact with IM and IN infected pigeons were 2/5 and 3/5, respectively. Chickens in contact with IM infected pigeons showed higher viral shedding titres in both the oropharynx and cloaca than chickens in contact with pigeons infected IN. In conclusion, free-range pigeons are considered an efficient carrier and transmitter of NDV-VIId compared to commercial broiler chickens raised in open houses.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of a Newcastle Disease Genotype XIII Virus Isolated from Indigenous Chickens in Zambia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Abolnik ◽  
Chrisborn Mubamba ◽  
George Dautu ◽  
Bruce Gummow
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Indigenous Chickens

ABSTRACT The first complete genome sequence of an African-origin Newcastle disease virus belonging to genotype XIII is described here. The virulent strain chicken/Zambia/Chiwoko/2015 was isolated from diseased chickens in 2015.

Brucella suis infection in domestic pigs in Sardinia (Italy)

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 2170-2177 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. PILO ◽  
M. T. TEDDE ◽  
G. ORRÙ ◽  
G. ADDIS ◽  
M. LICIARDI
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Brucella Suis ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Rose

SUMMARYDuring a 4-year (2007–2010) survey, the presence of Brucella suis infection in domestic pigs in Sardinia was investigated. Serum samples were collected from breeding pigs located on 108 commercial farms with documented reproductive problems and analysed using the Rose Bengal (RBT) and complement fixation (CFT) tests for screening and confirmation of Brucella, respectively. Of the 1251 serum samples analysed by RBT, 406 sera, originating from 36 farms, were positive for B. suis. CFT was positive in 292/748 sera analysed, confirming positivity in all 36 pig herds. Pigs with international complement fixation test units per ml (ICFTU/ml) values ⩾160 were slaughtered, and their organs collected for bacteriological examination and testing by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Brucella spp. strains were isolated in culture from 13/502 organs analysed, and subsequently identified as B. suis biovar 2. PCR detected positivity to Brucella spp. in 19/285 organs analysed. These results confirm the presence and emergence of B. suis infection in domestic pigs in Sardinia.

scholarly journals Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Expressing Sigma C Protein of Avian Reovirus (ARV) Protects against Both ARV and NDV in Chickens

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Deep Prakash Saikia ◽  
Kalpana Yadav ◽  
Dinesh C. Pathak ◽  
Narayan Ramamurthy ◽  
Ajai Lawrence D’Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Avian Reovirus ◽  
C Protein ◽  
Challenge Virus ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus

Newcastle disease (ND) and avian reovirus (ARV) infections are a serious threat to the poultry industry, which causes heavy economic losses. The mesogenic NDV strain R2B is commonly used as a booster vaccine in many Asian countries to control the disease. In this seminal work, a recombinant NDV strain R2B expressing the sigma C (σC) gene of ARV (rNDV-R2B-σC) was generated by reverse genetics, characterized in vitro and tested as a bivalent vaccine candidate in chickens. The recombinant rNDV-R2B-σC virus was attenuated as compared to the parent rNDV-R2B virus as revealed by standard pathogenicity assays. The generated vaccine candidate, rNDV-R2B-σC, could induce both humoral and cell mediated immune responses in birds and gave complete protection against virulent NDV and ARV challenges. Post-challenge virus shedding analysis revealed a drastic reduction in NDV shed, as compared to unvaccinated birds.

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