Relative white blood cell counts, heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and discovery of blood parasites in wild dugong (Dugong dugon) at Lingayan Island, Toli-toli, Indonesia

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the relative white blood cell (WBC) counts and the heterophil-to-lymphocyte (H/L) ratio and to analyze the presence of blood parasites in wild dugongs at Lingayan Island. It is expected that the results of this study could provide additional knowledge about the physiological conditions of wild dugongs in their natural habitats, which can serve as basic data in dugong conservation efforts, especially in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A wild dugong was captured around Lingayan Island. Blood samples were collected from the saphenous vein, and blood smears were prepared immediately. The blood smears were examined for leukocyte identification, calculation of relative WBC counts, and presence of blood parasites. The H/L ratio was calculated based on the obtained relative WBC counts. Results: The relative WBC counts included heterophils 19.4%, lymphocytes 76.4%, and monocytes 3.6%, and the H/L ratio was 0.25. Intraerythrocytic parasites were identified and suspected to be Anaplasma and Babesia. Conclusion: This study reports leukocyte values from free-ranging dugongs captured in Lingayan Island, Indonesia. Based on the H/L ratio, the dugong examined, in this study, did not experience chronic stress. However, the discovery of blood parasites could be one of the threatening factors for the dugong population.

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Innate Immunity in Free-Ranging African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer): Associations with Parasite Infection and White Blood Cell Counts

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology ◽

10.1086/665276 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 255-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Brianna R. Beechler ◽

Heather Broughton ◽

Austin Bell ◽

Vanessa O. Ezenwa ◽

Anna E. Jolles

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

Blood Cell ◽

White Blood Cell ◽

Parasite Infection ◽

African Buffalo ◽

Syncerus Caffer ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Blood Cell Counts ◽

White Blood Cell Counts ◽

Free Ranging

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A New Study of Intraosseous Blood for Laboratory Analysis

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2009-0381-oa.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 134 (9) ◽

pp. 1253-1260 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Larry J. Miller ◽

Thomas E. Philbeck ◽

Diana Montez ◽

Cathy J. Spadaccini

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Critically Ill ◽

White Blood Cell ◽

Critically Ill Patients ◽

Blood Chemistry ◽

Laboratory Analysis ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Blood Cell Counts ◽

White Blood Cell Counts

Abstract Context.—Intraosseous (IO) blood is frequently used to establish a blood chemistry profile in critically ill patients. Questions remain regarding the reliability of IO blood for laboratory analysis and established criteria regarding the amount of marrow/blood to waste before taking an IO sample are not available. Objectives.—To evaluate IO-derived blood for routine laboratory blood tests needed in the care of critically ill patients and to determine the amount of marrow/blood to waste before drawing blood from the IO space for laboratory analysis. Design.—Blood samples were drawn from peripheral veins of 10 volunteers. Within 5 minutes, 2 IO blood samples were obtained; one following 2 mL of waste and another following 6 mL of waste. Samples were analyzed for complete blood count and chemistry profile. Values were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients. Levels of significance were determined using the t distribution. Mean values for the draws were calculated and compared, with the intravenous blood sample serving as a control for the IO samples. Results.—There was a significant correlation between intravenous and IO samples for red blood cell counts and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels but not for white blood cell counts and platelet counts. There was a significant correlation between intravenous and IO samples for glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, chloride, total protein, and albumin concentrations but not for sodium, potassium, CO2, and calcium levels. Conclusions.—When venous blood cannot be accessed, IO blood aspirate may serve as a reliable alternate, especially for hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and most analytes in a basic blood chemistry profile. Exceptions are CO2 levels and platelet counts, which may be lower, and white blood cell counts, which may appear elevated.

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Leukocyte Counts Based on DNA Methylation at Individual Cytosines

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2017.279935 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 566-575 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Joana Frobel ◽

Tanja Božić ◽

Michael Lenz ◽

Peter Uciechowski ◽

Yang Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

T Cells ◽

Blood Cell ◽

White Blood Cell ◽

Absolute Quantification ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Cell Numbers ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Blood Cell Counts ◽

White Blood Cell Counts

Abstract BACKGROUND White blood cell counts are routinely measured with automated hematology analyzers, by flow cytometry, or by manual counting. Here, we introduce an alternative approach based on DNA methylation (DNAm) at individual CG dinucleotides (CpGs). METHODS We identified candidate CpGs that were nonmethylated in specific leukocyte subsets. DNAm levels (ranging from 0% to 100%) were analyzed by pyrosequencing and implemented into deconvolution algorithms to determine the relative composition of leukocytes. For absolute quantification of cell numbers, samples were supplemented with a nonmethylated reference DNA. RESULTS Conventional blood counts correlated with DNAm at individual CpGs for granulocytes (r = −0.91), lymphocytes (r = −0.91), monocytes (r = −0.74), natural killer (NK) cells (r = −0.30), T cells (r = −0.73), CD4+ T cells (r = −0.41), CD8+ T cells (r = −0.88), and B cells (r = −0.66). Combination of these DNAm measurements into the “Epi-Blood-Count” provided similar precision as conventional methods in various independent validation sets. The method was also applicable to blood samples that were stored at 4 °C for 7 days or at −20 °C for 3 months. Furthermore, absolute cell numbers could be determined in frozen blood samples upon addition of a reference DNA, and the results correlated with measurements of automated analyzers in fresh aliquots (r = 0.84). CONCLUSIONS White blood cell counts can be reliably determined by site-specific DNAm analysis. This approach is applicable to very small blood volumes and frozen samples, and it allows for more standardized and cost-effective analysis in clinical application.

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Evaluating Accuracy of DNA Pool Construction Based on White Blood Cell Counts

Frontiers in Genetics ◽

10.3389/fgene.2021.635846 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Amy N. Abrams ◽

Tara G. McDaneld ◽

John W. Keele ◽

Carol G. Chitko-McKown ◽

Larry A. Kuehn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Dna Extraction ◽

White Blood Cell ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Individual Animal ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Blood Cell Counts ◽

White Blood Cell Counts

Pooling individual samples prior to DNA extraction can mitigate the cost of DNA extraction and genotyping; however, these methods need to accurately generate equal representation of individuals within pools. The objective of this study was to determine accuracy of pool construction of blood samples based on white blood cell counts compared to two common DNA quantification methods. Fifty individual bovine blood samples were collected, and then pooled with all individuals represented in each pool. Pools were constructed with the target of equal representation of each individual animal based on number of white blood cells, spectrophotometric readings, spectrofluorometric readings, and whole blood volume with 9 pools per method and a total of 36 pools. Pools and individual samples that comprised the pools were genotyped using a commercially available genotyping array. ASReml was used to estimate variance components for individual animal contribution to pools. The correlation between animal contributions between two pools was estimated using bivariate analysis with starting values set to the result of a univariate analysis. Adonis test on distance matrix from the animal correlation showed clustering with method, and higher correlations between methods than within (P < 1 × 10–6). White blood cell count was predictive of sample representation when compared to pooling based on DNA concentration. Therefore, constructing pools using white blood cell counts prior to DNA extraction may reduce cost associated with DNA extraction and genotyping and improve representation of individuals in a pool.

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An Alternative Elastase-mediated Degradation of Fibrinogen and Fibrin Observed in a Patient with Herpes Simplex Encephalitis and Pneumonia

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1650550 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 76 (02) ◽

pp. 184-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kenji lijima ◽

Fumiyo Murakami ◽

Yasushi Horie ◽

Katsumi Nakamura ◽

Shiro Ikawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex ◽

Blood Cell ◽

White Blood Cell ◽

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis ◽

Pmn Elastase ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Blood Cell Counts ◽

Sds Page ◽

White Blood Cell Counts ◽

Pmn Élastase

SummaryA 74-year-old female developed pneumonia following herpes simplex encephalitis. Her white blood cell counts reached 28,400/μl, about 90% of which consisted of granulocytes. The polymorphonuclear (PMN) elastase/α1-arantitrypsin complex levels increased and reached the maximum of 5,019 ng/ml, indicating the release of a large amount of elastase derived from the granulocytes. The mechanism of PMN elastase release was most likely to be granulocyte destruction associated with phagocytosis. The cleavage of fibrinogen and fibrin by PMN elastase, independent of plasmin, was indicated by the presence of the fragments in immunoprecipitated plasma from the patient corresponding to elastase-induced FDP D and DD fragments and the absence of fragments corresponding to plasmin-induced FDP D and DD fragments on SDS-PAGE. These findings suggested that the large amount of PMN elastase released from the excessive numbers of granulocytes in this patient with herpes simplex encephalitis and pneumonia, induced the cleavage of fibrinogen and fibrin without the participation of plasmin.

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