scholarly journals The ability of probiotics to ameliorate blood and gonad damage caused by copper toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2021 ◽  
pp. 2964-2970
Author(s):  
Alfiah Hayati ◽  
Manikya Pramudya ◽  
Hari Soepriandono
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus

Background and Aim: Industrial waste, such as heavy metals, is a major source of water pollution; at high levels, such pollution can reduce river water quality to the extent that it becomes unsuitable for aquaculture of freshwater fish. This study aimed to focus on the effects of copper (Cu) exposure in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and specifically the ability of Lactobacillus-based probiotics supplementation in fish feed to ameliorate damage to gonads and negative effects on red blood cells (RBCs), whole blood cells (WBCs), hematocrit (HCT) levels, hemoglobin (HGB) levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels following such exposure. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two Nile tilapia fish were divided into eight groups: A negative control (without probiotics or Cu), a positive control (with probiotics but without Cu), three treatments with probiotics in feed, and one of three Cu concentrations (0.75, 1.50, or 3.00 mg/L), and three treatments with these three Cu concentrations but without probiotics in feed. The probiotics concentration in feed was 25 mL/kg (1×108 CFU/mL). Feeding was for 15 days, after which the hematological parameters, gonadal (testis) structure, and MDA levels of fish were analyzed. Results: Exposure to Cu significantly (p<0.05) affected fish hematology (decreased HGB, HCT, RBC, and WBC levels) and altered the structure of the testes. However, the addition of probiotics to fish feed significantly (p<0.05) ameliorated these effects on hematology and maintained the histological structure of the gonads. Conclusion: Cu exposure at ≥1.5 mg/L affected the hematologic parameters, gonadosomatic index, MDA levels, and testicular cells and tissue of Nile tilapia. However, probiotics supplementation in fish feed helped ameliorate the negative effects of Cu on these parameters. Thus, the Lactobacillus-based probiotics used in this study were apparently able to neutralize Cu toxicity in Nile tilapia.

scholarly journals Optimal Replacement of Fish Meal Protein by Stick Water in Diet of Sex-Reversed Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Uraiwan Wattanakul ◽  
Wattana Wattanakul ◽  
Karun Thongprajukaew
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus

The effects of replacing fish meal (FM) protein with stick water (SW) were investigated during the market stage of sex-reversed Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (18.49 ± 0.31 g initial body weight). The FM protein was replaced with SW for 10% (10SW), 20% (20SW), 30% (30SW) and 50% (50SW) of the FM. The completely randomized design was conducted in outdoor 15 floating baskets (1.5 × 1.5 × 2 m), comprising three replications with 50 fish each, over an 8 month trial. At the end of the experiment, no differences in survival, growth performance or feed utilization were observed across the dietary treatments (p > 0.05). A significant change in lipase-specific activity was caused by the replacement, without changes to trypsin, chymotrypsin or amylase activities. The fish in all dietary groups exhibited normal liver histopathology, but the fish fed a diet containing SW showed higher numbers of cells accumulating lipids as compared to fish fed the baseline 0SW dietary treatment. Hematological parameters were similar across the five dietary groups. Only fish fed the 20SW diet had superior carcass quality compared to the baseline 0SW group, in terms of crude protein and lipids, but lower or higher replacement levels had negative effects on carcass quality. Findings from the current study support the replacement of FM protein with SW at a level of 20% in the diet of sex-reversed Nile tilapia reared to the market stage. Higher replacement levels might be possible with the supplementation of fatty acids.

Effect of ambient oxygen on growth and reproduction in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1413-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeppe Kolding ◽  
Lise Haug ◽  
Sigurd Stefansson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Size At Maturity ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Asymptotic Size ◽  
Ambient Oxygen ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
First Maturity

Growth, size at maturity, gonadosomatic index (GSI), egg size, and absolute fecundity of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) were significantly affected by oxygen levels (1.5 ± 1.0, 2.8 ± 1.4, and 6.0 ± 1.8 mg·L–1) in a controlled experiment designed to test the hypothesis (D. Pauly. 1984. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, 41: 280–284) that O2 is the controlling factor for the transition from juvenile to adult in fish, in general, in the context of phenotypic life history plasticity and “stunting” in tilapias. Size at maturity and the estimated asymptotic size decreased with decreasing O2 concentration, as predicted by Pauly’s hypothesis. All fish matured at the same age (18 weeks old), which is in contrast to conventional definitions of stunting. This finding challenges the suggested plasticity in age at first maturity for tilapia. The results also challenge the hypothesis that stunting is a unique recruitment mechanism, as the smaller fish in the group with low oxygen concentration produced smaller and fewer eggs than the larger fish in the group with high oxygen concentration.

Use of Dietary Phytochemicals as control for Excessive Breeding in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Okechukwu Kenneth Wokeh ◽  
Ekinadose Orose
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Dietary Phytochemicals ◽  
Synthetic Hormones ◽  
High Level

Human population has continued to increase unabatedly with its attendant demands on food in order to ease the difficulties of malnutrition and starvation. This continuous rise in population has clearly indicated that the conventional forms of livestock production and captured fisheries will not be sufficient to solve the problem of high protein demands. Aquaculture remains the best option that can bridge the wide gap between human protein demands and domestic production through the culture of fish species like Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Oreochromis niloticus is one of the most cultured finfish, due to its acceptability as food, fast growth, availability for farmers, ability to breed in captivity, resistance to diseases and harsh environmental conditions. Despite all these outstanding characteristics, there is still high level of apathy in commercial production of Nile Tilapia, due to its precocious maturity and uncontrolled breeding, which results in overpopulation of ponds, stunted growth and low commercial value. To mitigate this challenge, the use of synthetic hormones such as 17α-methyl testosterone has been developed to masculinize female tilapia present in a pond, thereby allowing the production of marketable sized fish since the male grows faster than the female. Though, the use of synthetic hormones has helped in some ways, but the negative effects have necessitated farmers to seek alternatives that are environmental friendly and safe for consumers. Dietary phytochemicals have been established to be good alternatives and their use is now gaining global acceptance. Dietary phytochemicals are bioactive compounds commonly found in plant-based diets such as fruits, vegetables, grains and teas. Dietary phytochemicals when administered to newly hatched tilapia species, influences the undifferentiated gonadal tissue of generic females to develop testicular tissue, thus functioning reproductively as males. Some of these phytochemicals such as Flavonoids, Saponins, Phenolics and Alkaloids are found in plants like Carica papaya seeds, Azadirachta indica, and Mucuna pruriens. The usefulness of these phytochemicals is based on their ability to influence sex reversal in Oreochromis niloticus, cost effect, easily accessible especially by small scale fish farmers, simple to apply, and being safe for both human and the environment since they are more biodegradable than synthetic hormones.

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