Optimization of Somatic Embryogenesis Induction of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

The embryogenesis (SE) has important role for genetic engineering of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). However, the success of SE induction depend on plant growth regulator s (PGR)s and treatment enriched in induction media. This experiment tried to induce callus formation of cassava from several in vitro explants: immature leaf, apical bud, and internode; and to develop somatic embryogenesis of cassava in several media enriched with tyrosine and copper sulphate (CuSO4) added into media enrich with picloram as treatment. Different response of explants source to callus induction treatment from those three varieties in callus induction as well as friable callus formation were found in this experiment. The best medium to induce varied with variety; MS media supplemented 12 mg/L picloram + 0.5 mg/L CuSO4 was the best for “Adira 4” and half MS and half GD media supplemented 12 mg/L picloram + 100 mg/L tyrosine for “Malang 6”. All treatments resulted somatic embryo which developed indirectly and in morphologically normal somatic embryos

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In vitro meristem-tip culture and regeneration approaches in Congolese cassava accessions (Manihot esculenta Crantz cv. Boma and cv. Mpelo-Nlongi)

International Journal of Biological Research ◽

10.14419/ijbr.v3i2.5197 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

J.-Roger Bansimba Mukiese ◽

Aimé Diamuini Ndofunsu ◽

Freddy Bulubulu ◽

Alexandre Mbaya Ntumbula ◽

Sébastien Luyindula Ndiku

Keyword(s):

Growth Regulators ◽

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Callus Formation ◽

Shoot Development ◽

Media Composition ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

Adenine Sulphate ◽

Meristem Tip Culture ◽

The Media

Shiny dome-like structures measuring less than 1mm in length were excised aseptically from shoot tip buds of infected of two cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) local cultivars (Boma and Mpelo Nlongi) and cultivated in vitro in two types of media with different combination of growth hormone: Murashige and Skoog supplemented of sucrose (20 g/l), Naphtalenacetic acid (NAA, 10 μM), Ben-zylaminopurine (BAP, 0.66 μM) as well as Gibberellic acid (GA3, 0.1 μM) with 80 mg/l of Adenine sulphate and MS-free growth regulators. After four weeks, data were scored: 29.5% responding explant with callus formation and 20.5% responding explants to shoot development in the medium with growth regulators for the cultivar Boma whereas the cultivar Mpelo-Nlongi presented 5.7% and 25.7% respectively of callus formation and shoot development. The cultivar Boma presented a tendency more pronounced for the callus formation rather than with the shoot development contrary to the cultivar Mpelo-Nlongi. In regards of this experiment, it was shown that the media composition and genotype are essential factors, which influence in vitro growth, mainly the shoot development, in the culture of meristems for cassava local accessions.

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SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF CASSAVA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANTZ) VAR. KM297

Science and Technology Development Journal ◽

10.32508/stdj.v14i3.1984 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 14-22

Author(s):

Kien Van Vu ◽

Sanh Du Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Somatic Embryos ◽

Light Condition ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Dark Condition ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

Immature Leaf

Somatic embryos of cassava var. KM297 received from pieces of in vitro immature leaf lobes or cotyledon of somatic embryos, were induced on the MS medium supplemented with 8mg/l picloram after 13 days inoculation in the dark condition. Different states of embryo were obtained after 10 days cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l BA and 0.01mg/l NAA, in the light condition. Role of endogenous AIA and Zeatin of the globular state of embryos was studied.

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Somatic Embryogenesis and Ploidy Stability in Cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz) Cultivars Regenerated by in Vitro Culture of Young Leaves.

CYTOLOGIA ◽

10.1508/cytologia.67.337 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 337-341

Author(s):

Natoniel Franklin de Melo

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

In Vitro Culture ◽

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

Ploidy Stability ◽

Young Leaves

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In vitro embryo rescue and plant regeneration following self-pollination with irradiated pollen in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.5897/ajb2015.14577 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (27) ◽

pp. 2191-2201

Author(s):

Buttibwa Mary ◽

S Kawuki Robert ◽

K Tugume Arthur ◽

Akol Jacinta ◽

Magambo Stephen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Regeneration ◽

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Embryo Rescue ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

Irradiated Pollen ◽

Self Pollination

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INDUKSI BIAK KALUS DAN BIAK SUSPENSI SEL Aquilaria malaccensis Lam.

BERITA BIOLOGI ◽

10.14203/beritabiologi.v16i1.2687 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Aryani Leksonowati ◽

Witjaksono Witjaksono ◽

Diah Ratnadewi

Keyword(s):

Suspension Culture ◽

Cell Suspension ◽

Cell Suspension Culture ◽

Callus Formation ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Cell Suspension Cultures ◽

Compact Structure ◽

Friable Callus ◽

Aquilaria Malaccensis

Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. is a plant species producing fragrant woody material that contains some resin. The compounds can be used as medicine and perfume. Sesquiterpenoid, one group of compounds has been found being synthesized and subsequently extracted from callus and cell suspension culture of Aquilaria species. The aim of this research was to find a method of producing friable calli and cell suspension cultures from leaves or internodes of A. malaccensis in vitro by using suitable plant growth regulators; cell suspension that will suitably serve as material to produce sesquiterpenoid afterwards. Calli were established in almost all treatments of auxin-cytokinin on both leaves and internod explants. The treatment of 10 mg/L IBA induced the highest percentage of callus coverage from leaves with a rather compact structure. The combined treatment of 1–2 mg/L 2.4-D and 0.2–0.3 mg/L BA induced friable callus formation in more than 80% of cultures with 27–32% callus coverage percentage. The use of 2,4-D induced a better formation of cell suspension than Picloram, with maximum volume up to 7 mL. Cell suspension culture with fine and homogenous aggregate could be established in the medium supplemented with 0.5 –1 mg/L 2,4-D.

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In vitro somatic embryogenesis of superior clones of robusta coffee from Lampung, Indonesia: Effect of genotypes and callus induction media

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210849 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Dwi Hapsoro ◽

Rahmadyah Hamiranti ◽

Yusnita Yusnita

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Callus Induction ◽

Leaf Explants ◽

Regeneration Medium ◽

Embryogenic Calli ◽

Robusta Coffee ◽

Primary Callus ◽

Ascorbic Acids ◽

Superior Clones

Abstract. Hapsoro D, Hamiranti R, Yusnita Y. 2020. In vitro somatic embryogenesis of superior clones of robusta coffee from Lampung, Indonesia: Effect of genotypes and callus induction media. Biodiversitas 21: 3811-3817. This study aimed to investigate the effects of genotypes and primary callus induction media on somatic embryogenesis of superior robusta coffee clones of Lampung. Leaf explants of clones Tugusari, Komari, Tugino, and Wanto were cultured on two types of primary callus induction media (PCIM). PCIM1 consisted of half-strength MS salts, 30 gL-1 sucrose, added with (mgL-1) 0.1 thiamine-HCl, 0.5 nicotinic acids, 0.5 pyridoxine-HCl, 100 Myo-inositol, 200 ascorbic acids, 150 citric acids, and 1 benzyl adenine. PCIM2 consisted of NPCM salts, 30 gL-1 sucrose, added with (mgL-1) 15 thiamine-HCl, 1 nicotinic acid, 1 pyridoxine-HCl, 2 glycines, 130 Myo-inositol, 200 ascorbic acids, 150 citric acids, 1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2 thidiazuron. The highest percentage (100%) of primary callus formation was found in Komari and Wanto clones. PCIM2 resulted in more primary calli than PCIM1. When subcultured to embryogenic callus induction medium, primary calli of clone Komari and Wanto developed into a high percentage of embryogenic calli, while those of the other two turned brown and died. PCIM2-derived primary calli developed into more embryogenic calli. When subcultured on somatic embryo (SE) regeneration medium, these calli underwent the formation of SE of various stages. When subcultured to plant regeneration medium, these SEs developed into plantlets.

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Callus Induction from Cotyledon of Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke

JURNAL BIOLOGI TROPIS ◽

10.29303/jbt.v21i2.2629 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 427

Author(s):

Fajri Marisa ◽

Lisna Hidayati ◽

Aries Bagus Sasongko ◽

Tri Rini Nuringtyas

Keyword(s):

Natural Population ◽

Callus Induction ◽

Callus Formation ◽

Economic Value ◽

Sustainable Utilization ◽

Endemic Plant ◽

High Quality ◽

Bright Color ◽

Significant Opportunity

Gyrinops versteegii is an endemic plant in eastern Indonesia that produced agarwood with high quality and economic value. This plant has been threatened by overexploitation which leads on decreasing in the natural population. This research aimed to induce in vitro callus formation to support the sustainable utilization of G. versteegii, which in the end, may support plant productivity. Callus induction was investigated using cotyledon and cultured on MS medium supplemented with several combination of plant growth regulators. The observations were done for the number of explants turned into callus and the duration for the first callus formation. The results showed that combination of 3 mg/L NAA + 0.5 mg/L BAP was recorded as the best combination for callus induction (63.63%). Callus with friable structure and bright color are obtained within nine days of incubation and showed the characteristic of embryonic callus. This result is expected to give a significant opportunity to conserve the natural population of G. versteegii.

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In vitro Callus Induction and Regeneration of Popular Indica Rice Genotypes

International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Biotechnology ◽

10.30954/0974-1712.04.2020.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Aananthi. N

Keyword(s):

Callus Induction ◽

Callus Formation ◽

Indica Rice ◽

Immature Embryo ◽

Coconut Milk ◽

Rice Genotypes ◽

Mist Chamber ◽

Regenerated Plant ◽

Better Than

Five rice cultivars viz., ASD 16, White Ponni, Pusa Basmati 1, Pusa Sugandh 4 and Pusa Sugandh 5 belonging to subspecies indica were compared for its ability in callus formation and regeneration. In this experiment, the different parameters viz., the effect of hormones (2,4-D and kinetin), organic supplement (coconut milk O1-CM 100 mll-1, O2-CM 75 mll-1, O3-CM 50 mll-1), explants (seed and immature embryo), media (MS and N6), carbon source (sucrose and maltose) using five genotypes on callus response was studied. The effect of hardening methods was also assessed. Results showed that for enhanced callus induction was with MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mgl-1 2, 4-D + 0.5 mgl-1 kinetin + 30 gl-1 maltose irrespective of explants used. Addition of 100 ml l-1 coconut milk was found have improvement in callus response. The performance of immature embryo was better than seed for callus induction, emrbyogenic callus formation, rhizogenic callus formation and regeneration. MS media provided superiority over N6. Among the genotypes Pusa Basmati 1 rendered outstanding performance in callus behavior. The treatment combination MS + 2.5 mgl-1 BAP + 0.5 mgl-1 NAA + 1.0 mgl-1 KN gave the highest organogenesis response and regeneration of plantlets. Hardening in mist chamber was recognized as the best method to give the highest per cent of regenerated plant lets.

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Organogenesis and chromosome number in callus derived from cassava anthers

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b78-144 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 56 (10) ◽

pp. 1287-1290 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ming-Chin Liu ◽

Wen-Huei Chen

Keyword(s):

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Callus Formation ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Chromosome Counts ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

Somatic Tissues ◽

Mitotic Figures ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Chlorophyll Formation

Experiments have been performed to induce callus formation and organogenesis in anther culture of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Callusing was achieved on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium (MSB) supplemented with 4.44 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 4.52 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4-D). No callus was formed from anthers pretreated at 4 °C for more than 48 h or on a medium containing 4g/ℓ activated charcoal. Callus on MSB with 4.44–8.88 μM BAP alone formed roots only. BAP (8.88 μM) in combination with α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (10.74 μM) resulted in chlorophyll formation in callus. Abscisic acid (ABA) acted as an antagonist to NAA in reducing the frequency of callus greening when the latter was applied jointly with BAP. Chromosome counts of mitotic figures from callus cells ranged from 34 to 38 indicating that the calli were derived from the somatic tissues of the anthers.

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