scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN RUANG VERTIKAL PADA AKTIVITAS HARIAN ORANGUTAN (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) DI STASIUN RISET CABANG PANTI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG PALUNG, KALIMANTAN BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Awit Mulyawarman ◽  
Tri Rima Setyawati ◽  
Riyandi Riyandi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Pongo Pygmaeus ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Pongo Pygmaeus Wurmbii

Orangutans are solitary animals from the Pongidae family. There are three sub-species of Bornean orangutans, i.e. Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii, P. pygmaeus pygmaeus and P. pygmaeus morio, all of which are highly endangered. Orangutans carry out several daily activities such as eating, moving, resting, and nesting in the tree canopy. However, it has yet remains unknown on how their behaviours vary with tree height. This study aimed to determine the frequency of presence, daily activities of orangutans, and vertical space utilization in orangutan activities in the natural habitat of the Panti Branch Research Station, Gunung Palung National Park. This study used the Focal Animal Sampling method with a two minute time interval for ± 12 hours and was studied for over six months. The focal orangutans whose activities were recorded during the study consisted of 12 individuals divided into 3 age groups, namely the adult, adolescent, and juvenile age groups. The results showed that the daily activity of orangutan was observed on 36 species of trees with the greatest frequency found on Garcinia sp. and Syzigium sp. accounted for33% each. The female orangutans were found to be more dominant in feeding activities (3.93 per day), while male orangutans spent more time for resting activities (4.56 hours per day). The utilization of vertical space in young male orangutans took place in tall trees and eating activities occurred at an altitude of 33.6 m. On average, teenage female orangutans choose tree to make their nests in trees 30 m high. 

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK DAN KERAPATAN SARANG ORANGUTAN (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) DI DUA TIPE HABITAT YANG BERBEDA DI STASIUN PENELITIAN CABANG PANTI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG PALUNG KABUPATEN KAYONG UTARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Firman Hakim ◽  
Hari Prayogo ◽  
Sarma Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
Pongo Pygmaeus ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Line Transect Survey ◽  
Peat Swamp ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Pongo Pygmaeus Wurmbii ◽  
Alluvial Bench

Cabang Panti Research Station has diverse habitat, therefore the researchers are interested to conducting a research on the characteristic and densities of Orangutan nests (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in two on different habitat namely in alluvial bench forests and peat swamp forests. The purpose of this study want to see a comparison of the characteristic and density as an Orangutan nest (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in two different habitat types. The method used in this research was Line transect survey. The nests were searched by walking through the midline while observing and recording the discovered nests in the line transect. Based on the result of the Independent Sample Test, it showed that there was no difference of tree trunk diameter, but there was a difference of height of the nest tree and the nest itself. The nest position was almost similar which was position 3 (tip top) in the amount of 83% in alluvial bench habitat while it was position 1 (among the main branching) in the amount of 42% and 3 (the canopy of the tree in form of fork) in the amount of 42%. The class of the nest which mostly found in both habitat was nest class D in the amount of 50% in the alluvial bench habitat and 83% in the peat swamp forest. The type of tree which was mostly used by the Orangutan to create their nest in both habitat was Shorea spp. The densities of the nest of Orangutan was 30 nest/km² in the alluvial bench habitat and 60 nest/km² in the peat swamp habitat.      Keyword: Cabang Panti, Nest Characteristics, Nest Densities, Orangutan

scholarly journals Monthly range of adolescent orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) based on fruit availability in Tuanan Orangutan Research Station, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1445-1452
Author(s):  
FAJAR SAPUTRA ◽  
DYAH PERWITASARI- FARAJALLAH ◽  
SRI SUCI UTAMI- ATMOKO ◽  
TOMI ARIYANTO ◽  
MARIA A. VAN NOORDWIJK
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Pongo Pygmaeus ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Fruit Availability ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Pongo Pygmaeus Wurmbii ◽  
Fallen Fruit

Setyawan. 2017. Monthly range of adolescent orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) based on fruit availability in Tuanan Orangutan Research Station, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1445-1452. Adolescent orangutans become competitors with mothers supporting newborn infants. Thus, adolescent orangutans must coordinate with other orangutans in order to find fruit. How adolescent orangutans respond is reflected in the size and utilization of their home range area. The aims of our research were to determine (i) fruit availability, as an important component of orangutan diet, (ii) and the effect of fruit availability on home range use by adolescent orangutan. This research was conducted from August 2013 to July 2014 in Tuanan Orangutan Research Station, Central Kalimantan. The fruit trail method was used to estimate abundance of fruits (both from trees and lianas).Fallen fruit on census trails was assessed once per month, while focal animal sampling was used to estimate the home range by tagging a GPS point every 30 minutes during the tracking of an orangutan. In total, 62 tree and 15 liana species included in the known orangutan diet were fruiting during this study period. The highest period of fruit abundance for orangutan food occurred in November until January. Adolescent orangutans responded by increasing their monthly ranging area during this time of high fruit availability and decreased their range when fruit availability was low. Adolescent orangutans often used areas in their monthly range that had a high to medium abundance of fruit trees. When the number of trees bearing fruit decreased (low period), adolescent orangutans changed their monthly range to areas that consisted of medium to high abundance of liana fruit. Their ranging strategy optimized use of low quality habitat in order to survive in degraded forests.

Spray Volume, Canopy Density, and Other Factors Involved in Thinner Efficacy

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 553d-553
Author(s):  
C.R. Unrath
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
The North ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Water Volumes

Historically, most airblast chemical applications to apple orchards used a single “average” water volume, resulting in variability of coverage with tree size and also the greatest variable in chemical thinning. This coverage variability can be eliminated by properly quantifying the tree canopy, as tree row volume (TRV), and relating that volume to airblast water rate for adequate coverge. Maximum typical tree height, cross-row limb spread, and between-row spacing are used to quantify the TRV. Further refinement is achieved by adjusting the water volume for tree canopy density. The North Carolina TRV model allows a density adjustment from 0.7 gal/1000 ft3 of TRV for young, very open tree canopies to 1.0 gal/1000 ft3 of TRV for large, thick tree canopies to deliver a full dilute application for maximum water application (to the point of run-off). Most dilute pesticide applications use 70% of full dilute to approach the point of drip (pesticide dilute) to not waste chemicals and reduce non-target environmental exposure. From the “chemical load” (i.e., lb/acre) calculated for the pesticide dilute application, the proper chemical load for lower (concentrate) water volumes can be accurately determined. Another significant source of variability is thinner application response is spray distribution to various areas of the tree. This variability is related to tree configuration, light, levels, fruit set, and natural thinning vs. the need for chemical thinning. Required water delivery patterns are a function of tree size, form, spacing, and density, as well as sprayer design (no. of nozzles and fan size). The TRV model, density adjustments, and nozzle patterns to effectively hit the target for uniform crop load will be addressed.

Influence of sowing dates on the incidence of powdery mildew of chilli

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUDHEENDRA A. ASHTAPUTRE
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Agricultural Research Station ◽  
Sowing Dates

A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2005 at Agricultural Research station, Devihosur, Haveri, Karnataka to assess the progress of powdery mildew at different time interval of sowing dates. Totally 20 different dates of sowings were imposed in the experiment at an interval of 10 days. The crop sown on last week of May to mid of June recorded minimum disease severity compared to rest of the date of sowings. This clearly indicated that crop sown during this period suffers less, which may be due to low inoculum potential, whereas late sown crop suffers more because of the readily available inoculum in the early sown crops. Low disease severity in last week of May to mid of June sowing may be attributed to the non-congenial weather factors for the development of the disease.

Predicting the Distribution of Sunda Pangolin (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822) in Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Lampung

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 58612
Author(s):  
Silvi Dwi Anasari ◽  
Wulan Pusparini ◽  
Noviar Andayani
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Environment Variables ◽  
Presence Data ◽  
Manis Javanica ◽  
In The Wild

The distribution of a species can help guide the protection activities in their natural habitat. Conversely, the lack of information on this distribution makes the protection strategy of this species difficult. The research was conducted in Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park from January until March 2018. The purposes of this research were to create a distribution prediction map of Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) and estimating the environment variables that most influenced the probability of the distribution. Fourteen points of camera trap coordinates were used for presence data with nine types of environment variables such as elevation, slope, understorey, canopy cover, distance from roads, distance from rivers, distance from villages, food source, and distance from the threat. The result of maxent showed an Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 0.909 categorized as very good. The highest probability of Sunda pangolin distributions was in the Pemerihan Resort and Way Haru Resort area, while the dominant environmental variables included the distance from the village, the canopy cover, and the distance from threat with the value 47.7; 25.85; and 15.8%, respectively. Prediction maps and environment variables can help to identify the population of Sunda pangolin in the wild and can provide input for the national parks to prioritize protection areas for Sunda pangolin from the increased poaching.

scholarly journals Time perception and age

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Fernanda Moreira Ferreira ◽  
Gabriel Pina Paiva ◽  
Natália Prando ◽  
Carla Renata Graça ◽  
João Aris Kouyoumdjian
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Internal Clock ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Comparison Test ◽  
Clock System ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bonferroni Multiple Comparison Test

ABSTRACT Our internal clock system is predominantly dopaminergic, but memory is predominantly cholinergic. Here, we examined the common sensibility encapsulated in the statement: “time goes faster as we get older”. Objective To measure a 2 min time interval, counted mentally in subjects of different age groups. Method 233 healthy subjects (129 women) were divided into three age groups: G1, 15-29 years; G2, 30-49 years; and G3, 50-89 years. Subjects were asked to close their eyes and mentally count the passing of 120 s. Results The elapsed times were: G1, mean = 114.9 ± 35 s; G2, mean = 96.0 ± 34.3 s; G3, mean = 86.6 ± 34.9 s. The ANOVA-Bonferroni multiple comparison test showed that G3 and G1 results were significantly different (P < 0.001). Conclusion Mental calculations of 120 s were shortened by an average of 24.6% (28.3 s) in individuals over age 50 years compared to individuals under age 30 years.

scholarly journals Phenotyping Architecture Traits of Tree Species Using Remote Sensing Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1611-1624
Author(s):  
Worasit Sangjan ◽  
Sindhuja Sankaran
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
System Structure ◽  
List Type ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Canopy Volume

HighlightsTree canopy architecture traits are associated with its productivity and management.Understanding these traits is important for both precision agriculture and phenomics applications.Remote sensing platforms (satellite, UAV, etc.) and multiple approaches (SfM, LiDAR) have been used to assess these traits.3D reconstruction of tree canopies allows the measurement of tree height, crown area, and canopy volume.Abstract. Tree canopy architecture is associated with light use efficiency and thus productivity. Given the modern training systems in orchard tree fruit systems, modification of tree architecture is becoming important for easier management of crops (e.g., pruning, thinning, chemical application, harvesting, etc.) while maintaining fruit quality and quantity. Similarly, in forest environments, architecture can influence the competitiveness and balance between tree species in the ecosystem. This article reviews the literature related to sensing approaches used for assessing architecture traits and the factors that influence such evaluation processes. Digital imagery integrated with structure from motion analysis and both terrestrial and aerial light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems have been commonly used. In addition, satellite imagery and other techniques have been explored. Some of the major findings and some critical considerations for such measurement methods are summarized here. Keywords: Canopy volume, LiDAR system, Structure from motion, Tree height, UAV.

scholarly journals Location of fishing points of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L. 1758) for forensic-ichthyological examination

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Gleb Igorevich Volosnikov
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Acipenser Ruthenus ◽  
Sturgeon Species ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Sterlet Acipenser Ruthenus

The paper describes the details of the investigative actions taken in terms of the struggle against poaching, where the researchers of the Tobolsk Complex Research Station of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences carry out the forensic ichthyologic examination of illegally caught water bioresources. The researchers often encounter the need to investigate or confirm the alleged place of catching fish species submitted for examination. There have been considered the possibilities to determine the habitat of the caught sturgeon species, in particular sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L. 1758) using direct comparative analysis and statistical processing of meristic characters of the alleged populations, because there is evidence of existing broodstocks of this species, linked to the specific water areas. The analysis was carried out using 357 specimens of sterlet caught in 4 different areas of the Lower Irtysh. Absence of significant differences in the means of meristic characters in the species of the studied groups can be explained by insufficiently representative sampling, which is frequent in forensic ichthyologic examinations. Nevertheless, according to a number of characteristics, one can speak of a certain heterogeneity of the samples, which indicates the presence of features in the distribution of individuals in the population. Additional statistical data processing by means of Kolmogorov–Smirnov non-parametric two-sample criterion demonstrates a reliable interpopulation difference in meristic characters including the case of scanty sampling. Expanding the study in terms of increasing the number of samples and pairs for comparison, as well as feasibility of analyzing the meristic characters in a longer time interval is being considered.

scholarly journals Do psychiatric diseases follow annual cyclic seasonality?

PLoS Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. e3001347
Author(s):  
Hanxin Zhang ◽  
Atif Khan ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
Henrik Larsson ◽  
Andrey Rzhetsky
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Seasonal Affective Disorder ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Very Large Datasets

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) famously follows annual cycles, with incidence elevation in the fall and spring. Should some version of cyclic annual pattern be expected from other psychiatric disorders? Would annual cycles be similar for distinct psychiatric conditions? This study probes these questions using 2 very large datasets describing the health histories of 150 million unique U.S. citizens and the entire Swedish population. We performed 2 types of analysis, using “uncorrected” and “corrected” observations. The former analysis focused on counts of daily patient visits associated with each disease. The latter analysis instead looked at the proportion of disease-specific visits within the total volume of visits for a time interval. In the uncorrected analysis, we found that psychiatric disorders’ annual patterns were remarkably similar across the studied diseases in both countries, with the magnitude of annual variation significantly higher in Sweden than in the United States for psychiatric, but not infectious diseases. In the corrected analysis, only 1 group of patients—11 to 20 years old—reproduced all regularities we observed for psychiatric disorders in the uncorrected analysis; the annual healthcare-seeking visit patterns associated with other age-groups changed drastically. Analogous analyses over infectious diseases were less divergent over these 2 types of computation. Comparing these 2 sets of results in the context of published psychiatric disorder seasonality studies, we tend to believe that our uncorrected results are more likely to capture the real trends, while the corrected results perhaps reflect mostly artifacts determined by dominantly fluctuating, health-seeking visits across a given year. However, the divergent results are ultimately inconclusive; thus, we present both sets of results unredacted, and, in the spirit of full disclosure, leave the verdict to the reader.

scholarly journals Observational study on healthcare workers protection in the angiographic suite during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: before and during vax era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Cernigliaro ◽  
Davide Negroni ◽  
Miriana Sassone ◽  
Andrea Paladini ◽  
Alessandro Carriero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
First Case ◽  
Working Shift ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
Interventional Radiology Department ◽  
New Mutations

Background: Since the first case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy, all the hospital facilities had to reform their daily activities. Amidst them, the Interventional Radiology Department in the “Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria” of Novara (Italy) had to create a dedicated protocol for the patent’s management during the pandemic.Design and Methods: The time interval between February 2020 and March 2021 was divided into three different periods and we reported the evolution of our safety protocol, the changes in our daily activities and the rates of Sars-CoV-2 infection among the healthcare workers (HCW) of the Angiographic Suite. Personnel who had positive partners/family members or who had established close contacts of another nature outside the workplace were excluded from the study, in order to reduce any bias.Results: A total of 35 HCWs served in 355 patient procedures on Sars-CoV-2 positive patients from February 2020 to March 2021. During the year there was a reduction in the morbidity rate first from 7.9% to 1.4% and then currently reaching 0%.Conclusions: Dedicated routes, elevators, establishing Filter Areas and a clear demarcation between clean and contaminated areas, Dressing and undressing procedures, Cleaning procedures and the obligation to always wear a surgical mask during the working shift are essential to prevent in-hospital infection. The vaccines’ arrival seems to further reduce the risk for healthcare workers, but it is still necessary to take docile precautions in view of the new mutations of the virus.

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