scholarly journals LaMRD: Location-Aware and Decentralized Multi-Layer Resource Discovery for IoT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed B. M. Kamel ◽  
Peter Ligeti ◽  
Christoph Reich
Keyword(s):  
Fog Computing ◽  
Hash Table ◽  
General System ◽  
Resource Discovery ◽  
Distributed Hash Table ◽  
Cloud Data Center ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Location Aware ◽  
Security Properties

The resources in the Internet of Things (IoT) network are distributed among different parts of the network. Considering huge number of IoT resources, the task of discovering them is challenging. While registering them in a centralized server such as a cloud data center is one possible solution, but due to billions of IoT resources and their limited computation power, the centralized approach leads to some efficiency and security issues. In this paper we proposed a location aware and decentralized multi layer model of resource discovery (LaMRD) in IoT. It allows a resource to be registered publicly or privately, and to be discovered in a decentralized scheme in the IoT network. LaMRD is based on structured peer-to-peer (p2p) scheme and follows the general system trend of fog computing. Our proposed model utilizes Distributed Hash Table (DHT) technology to create a p2p scheme of communication among fog nodes. The resources are registered in LaMRD based on their locations which results in a low added overhead in the registration and discovery processes. LaMRD generates a single overlay and it can be generated without specific organizing entity or location based devices. LaMRD guarantees some important security properties and it showed a lower latency comparing to the cloud based and decentralized resource discovery.  

Security Issues in Fog Computing and ML-Based Solutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-234
Author(s):  
Himanshu Sahu ◽  
Gaytri
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Cloud Data Center ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Learning Techniques

IoT requires data processing, which is provided by the cloud and fog computing. Fog computing shifts centralized data processing from the cloud data center to the edge, thereby supporting faster response due to reduced communication latencies. Its distributed architecture raises security and privacy issues; some are inherited from the cloud, IoT, and network whereas others are unique. Securing fog computing is equally important as securing cloud computing and IoT infrastructure. Security solutions used for cloud computing and IoT are similar but are not directly applicable in fog scenarios. Machine learning techniques are useful in security such as anomaly detection, intrusion detection, etc. So, to provide a systematic study, the chapter will cover fog computing architecture, parallel technologies, security requirements attacks, and security solutions with a special focus on machine learning techniques.

scholarly journals Attred: Attribute Based Resource Discovery for IoT

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4721
Author(s):  
Mohammed B. M. Kamel ◽  
Yuping Yan ◽  
Peter Ligeti ◽  
Christoph Reich
Keyword(s):  
Security Analysis ◽  
Hash Table ◽  
Resource Discovery ◽  
Distributed Hash Table ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Attribute Based Encryption ◽  
Address Data ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
Shared Secret ◽  
Security Properties

While the number of devices connected together as the Internet of Things (IoT) is growing, the demand for an efficient and secure model of resource discovery in IoT is increasing. An efficient resource discovery model distributes the registration and discovery workload among many nodes and allow the resources to be discovered based on their attributes. In most cases this discovery ability should be restricted to a number of clients based on their attributes, otherwise, any client in the system can discover any registered resource. In a binary discovery policy, any client with the shared secret key can discover and decrypt the address data of a registered resource regardless of the attributes of the client. In this paper we propose Attred, a decentralized resource discovery model using the Region-based Distributed Hash Table (RDHT) that allows secure and location-aware discovery of the resources in IoT network. Using Attribute Based Encryption (ABE) and based on predefined discovery policies by the resources, Attred allows clients only by their inherent attributes, to discover the resources in the network. Attred distributes the workload of key generations and resource registration and reduces the risk of central authority management. In addition, some of the heavy computations in our proposed model can be securely distributed using secret sharing that allows a more efficient resource registration, without affecting the required security properties. The performance analysis results showed that the distributed computation can significantly reduce the computation cost while maintaining the functionality. The performance and security analysis results also showed that our model can efficiently provide the required security properties of discovery correctness, soundness, resource privacy and client privacy.

Security Enhancement of Peer-to-Peer Session Initiation

2012 ◽  
pp. 281-308
Author(s):  
Xianghan Zheng ◽  
Vladimir Oleshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Communication System ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Hash Table ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Distributed Hash Table ◽  
Peer Communication ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Security Enhancement ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Cost

Today, Peer-to-Peer SIP based communication systems have attracted much attention from both the academia and industry. The decentralized nature of P2P might provide the distributed peer-to-peer communication system without help of the traditional SIP server. However, the decentralization features come to the cost of the reduced manageability and create new concerns. Until now, the main focus of research was on the availability of the network and systems, while few attempts are put on protecting privacy. In this chapter, we investigate on P2PSIP security issues and introduce two enhancement solutions: central based security and distributed trust security, both of which have their own advantages and disadvantages. After that, we study appropriate combination of these two approaches to get optimized protection. Our design is independent of the DHT (Distributed Hash Table) overlay technology. We take the Chord overlay as the example, and then, analyze the system in several aspects: security & privacy, number-of the hops, message flows, etc.

The Challenges, Technologies, and Role of Fog Computing in the Context of Industrial Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Sasikala Chinthakunta ◽  
Shoba Bindu Chigarapalle ◽  
Sudheer Kumar E.
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Huge Data ◽  
Iot Devices

Typically, the analysis of the industrial big data is done at the cloud. If the technology of IIoT is relying on cloud, data from the billions of internet-connected devices are voluminous and demand to be processed within the cloud DCs. Most of the IoT infrastructures—smart driving and car parking systems, smart vehicular traffic management systems, and smart grids—are observed to demand low-latency, real-time services from the service providers. Since cloud includes data storage, processing, and computation only within DCs, huge data traffic generated from the IoT devices probably experience a network bottleneck, high service latency, and poor quality of service (QoS). Hence, the placement of an intermediary node that can perform tasks efficiently and effectively is an unavoidable requirement of IIoT. Fog can be such an intermediary node because of its ability and location to perform tasks at the premise of an industry in a timely manner. This chapter discusses challenges, need, and framework of fog computing, security issues, and solutions of fog computing for IIoT.

A Comprehensive Study of Security in Cloud Computing

2017 ◽  
pp. 386-412
Author(s):  
Prasanta K. Manohari ◽  
Niranjan K. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Computing Environment ◽  
Cloud Data Center ◽  
Cloud Computing Environment ◽  
Cloud Computing Security ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Security Issues

Cloud computing is one of the emerging technology in the recent times which has varieties of applications at different fields. It is an Internet dependent technology and it store and maintain the data in a cloud data center. Cloud center usually supports more numbers of user, applications and data. In the same time, it also suffered with numerous challenges. Security is a key requirement for cloud data center. Different security mechanisms are proposed for cloud computing environment. In this chapter, we address the background of cloud computing, security risk, requirements, issues, and some of the security techniques are discussed. We discuss different security issues and focus on some existing solutions.

scholarly journals A Novel UDT-Based Transfer Speed-Up Protocol for Fog Computing

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijie Han ◽  
Weibei Fan ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Miaoxin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Cloud Data Center ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Data Transfer Protocol ◽  
Bit Error Ratio

Fog computing is a distributed computing model as the middle layer between the cloud data center and the IoT device/sensor. It provides computing, network, and storage devices so that cloud based services can be closer to IOT devices and sensors. Cloud computing requires a lot of bandwidth, and the bandwidth of the wireless network is limited. In contrast, the amount of bandwidth required for “fog computing” is much less. In this paper, we improved a new protocol Peer Assistant UDT-Based Data Transfer Protocol (PaUDT), applied to Iot-Cloud computing. Furthermore, we compared the efficiency of the congestion control algorithm of UDT with the Adobe’s Secure Real-Time Media Flow Protocol (RTMFP), based on UDP completely at the transport layer. At last, we built an evaluation model of UDT in RTT and bit error ratio which describes the performance. The theoretical analysis and experiment result have shown that UDT has good performance in IoT-Cloud computing.

A Comprehensive Study of Security in Cloud Computing

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-53
Author(s):  
Prasanta K. Manohari ◽  
Niranjan K. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Computing Environment ◽  
Cloud Data Center ◽  
Cloud Computing Environment ◽  
Cloud Computing Security ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Security Issues

Cloud computing is one of the emerging technology in the recent times which has varieties of applications at different fields. It is an Internet dependent technology and it store and maintain the data in a cloud data center. Cloud center usually supports more numbers of user, applications and data. In the same time, it also suffered with numerous challenges. Security is a key requirement for cloud data center. Different security mechanisms are proposed for cloud computing environment. In this chapter, we address the background of cloud computing, security risk, requirements, issues, and some of the security techniques are discussed. We discuss different security issues and focus on some existing solutions.

scholarly journals A Secure Data Dissemination in a DHT-Based Routing Paradigm for Wireless Ad Hoc Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Rukhsana Kousar ◽  
Majed Alhaisoni ◽  
Shahbaz Abid Akhtar ◽  
Nadir Shah ◽  
Aamir Qamar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Hash Table ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Distributed Hash Table ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Visual Contact ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Percent Improvement

Over the past decade, distributed hash table- (DHT-) based routing protocols have been adopted in wireless ad hoc networks (WANETs) to achieve scalability in the route discovery phase by avoiding the flooding mechanism. The security aspects of the routing protocols based on the DHT mechanism are crucial to address and have not been discussed in the existing literature. Therefore, addressing the security issues in DHT-based routing protocols would prevent the service disruption, decrease the traffic overhead, and reduce the packet loss in the network. In this paper, several security issues are identified and elaborated through an example scenario. Moreover, a novel DHT-based routing protocol is proposed that uses a digital signature and the user’s trust in order to swap securely the logical identifiers (LIDs). Trust between nodes is established by the user’s acquaintance and the first visual contact. The proposed protocol vindicates its effectiveness via simulation results in terms of computation time, normalized overhead, percent improvement, and packet delivery ratio.

scholarly journals Distributed Address Table (DAT): A Decentralized Model for End-to-End Communication in IoT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed B. M. Kamel ◽  
Peter Ligeti ◽  
Adam Nagy ◽  
Christoph Reich
Keyword(s):  
Fog Computing ◽  
Hash Table ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Distributed Hash Table ◽  
Trusted Third Party ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Communication Scheme ◽  
Nat Traversal ◽  
Decentralized Model

AbstractTo achieve a fully connected network in Internet of Things (IoT) there are number of challenges that have to be overcome. Among those, a big challenge is how to keep all of the devices accessible everywhere and every time. In the IoT network, the assumption is that each IoT device can be reached by any client at any given time. In practice, this is not always possible and without a proper mechanism the nodes behind a NAT are unable to communicate with each other directly, and their addresses have to be shared through a trusted third party. This challenge becomes harder by taking into consideration that most NAT traversal approaches have been developed prior to rising of the IoT, without taking into account the constrained nature of the participating devices and mostly depend on a centralized entity. In this paper we proposed the Distributed Address Table (DAT), a decentralized, secure and lightweight address distribution model that allows any two nodes to get the addresses of the other end without relying on a trusted third party. Structured Peer-to-Peer (P2P) overlay by utilizing Distributed Hash Table (DHT) technique is generated as its underlying communication scheme to ensure that all participating devices are accessible at any given time. This is achieved through simple, yet secure and efficient decentralized model. The DAT adopts the edge/fog computing paradigms to ensure a decentralized address distribution. The results showed that the proposed model is efficient. In addition, the security properties of the proposed model have been defined and proved.

Resource Discovery Service while Minimizing Maintenance Overhead in Hierarchical DHT Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Riad Mokadem ◽  
Abdelkader Hameurlain ◽  
A Min Tjoa
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hash Table ◽  
Resource Discovery ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Distributed Hash Table ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Large Scale Systems ◽  
Discovery Service ◽  
Superior Level

Despite hierarchical Distributed Hash Table (DHT) systems have addressed flat overlay system problems, most of existing solutions add a significant overhead to large scale systems. This not only increases the bandwidth consumption but also affect the routing efficiency. This paper deals with a resource discovery while minimizing maintenance overhead in hierarchical DHT systems. The considered resources are metadata describing data sources. In the solution, only one gateway in one overlay is attached to the superior level overlay. It aims to reduce both lookup and maintenance costs while minimizing the overhead added to the system. The authors present a cost analysis for a resource discovery process and discuss capabilities of the proposed protocol to reduce the overhead of maintaining the overlay network. The analysis result proved that our design decrease significantly the maintenance costs in such systems especially when nodes frequently join/leave the system.

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