scholarly journals The role of indoor air pollution and other factors in the incidence of pneumonia in under-five children

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunyataningkamto Sunyataningkamto ◽  
Iskandar Z ◽  
Alan R T ◽  
Budiman I ◽  
Ahmad Surjono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
World Health ◽  
Under Five ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex

Background The World Health Organization has asked for a spe-cial attention to the relation between pneumonia and indoor airpollution, i.e., household biomass fuel smoke, cigarette smoke,and mosquito coil smoke, especially in developing countries.Objective To analyze the role of indoor air pollution and otherfactors as risk factors for pneumonia in under-five-year children.Methods This case-control study was carried out from August un-til December 2000 at Public Health Centers in Banjarnegara,Kebumen, Jepara, and Pekalongan districts. All children qualify-ing pneumonia classification as recommended by WHO in IMCI(Integrated Management of Childhood Illness) were defined ascases and without pneumonia as controls. Severe pneumonia andno pneumonia (as classified in IMCI) were excluded. Statisticalanalysis was done using bivariate and logistic regression.Results There were three hundreds and five children with pneu-monia and 289 children without pneumonia. By bivariate analysis,biomass fuel smoke (OR=3.25; 95%CI 1.50;7.07) and cigarettesmoke exposure from other family members (OR=1.63; 95%CI1.11;2.38) were risk factors for pneumonia, while mosquito coilsmoke (OR=1.13; 95%CI 0.79;1.69) was not. History of wheezing(OR=2.60; 95%CI 2.7;8.55), malnutrition (OR=2.60; 95%CI1.33;5.07), and male sex (OR=1.47; 95%CI 1.06;2.04) were otherrisk factors.Conclusions Household biomass fuel smoke and cigarette smokewere risk factors for pneumonia. Other variables as risk factorswere history of wheezing, male sex, and malnutrition

scholarly journals Study of risk factors for severe pneumonia among children between 2 months to 5 years of age

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1627
Author(s):  
Vijay B. Shah ◽  
Kirti Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grade 3

Background: Acute respiratory illness is responsible for 19% of all deaths in children in below five years of age and 8.2% of all disability as measured by DALY. Recent studies have added other risk factors to the list including large family size, poor socioeconomic status, family history of bronchitis, advanced birth order, crowding, young age, air pollution, and the use of non-allopathic treatment in early stages of illness. Also, indoor air pollution is one of the major risk factors for acute lower respiratory tract infection in children in developing countries. The objectives of this study were to identify and compare the risk factors associated with severe and very severe pneumonia.Methods: A prospective observational study. Children between 2 months to 5 years with clinical features of severe pneumonia were included in the study. Socioeconomic history like the type of house, family size, sanitary facilities and fuel-based cooking was recorded. Detailed history about immunization, feeding practice and degree of malnutrition was recorded. Chi Square test was used to determine significant differences between two groups.Results: Total 150 patients could be included in the study. Immunization status shows that 74% were completely immunized, 9% were unimmunized and 17% were partially immunized. Most of the children were breast fed 95.33% and only 4.67% were bottle fed. 30% of the cases were grade 3 and 4 PEM and anemic. The socioeconomic status showed 84% were belonged to grade 3,4 and 5 and 16% belonged to grade 1 and 2. 96.67% were living in ill ventilated kutcha house with poor sanitation facilities and nearly 94% were living in house with fuel other than LPG.Conclusions: Factors like previous history of similar illness, inappropriate immunization for age, anemia, PEM grade 3 and 4, poor housing condition, and indoor air pollution were significantly associated with severity of pneumonia. While severity of illness, PEM grade 3 and 4 and associated illness were the important risk factors for mortality.

scholarly journals Cancer Risk Disparities between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Populations: The Role of Exposure to Indoor Air Pollution

2009 ◽  
Vol 117 (12) ◽  
pp. 1925-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana E. Hun ◽  
Jeffrey A. Siegel ◽  
Maria T. Morandi ◽  
Thomas H. Stock ◽  
Richard L. Corsi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Hispanic White

scholarly journals Types of cooking stove and risk of Acute Lower Respiratory Infection among under-five children: a cross sectional study in Rasuwa, a Himalayan district of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sudesh Raj Sharma ◽  
Nitin Nischal Bhandari ◽  
Ram Bhandari ◽  
Kusum Wagle ◽  
Mukesh Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Biomass Fuels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background: In Nepal, about 75% people rely on wood and other biomass fuels for cooking. The majority of Nepali families cook on a traditional stove, an open fire in the kitchen resulting in indoor air pollution, one of the key risk factors for Acute Lower Respiratory Infection (ALRI) among under-five children.The study aimed at exploring the association of indoor air pollution due to use of traditional cooking stoves with ALRI among under-five children in Rasuwa, a Himalayan district of Nepal.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Rasuwa district from October to November 2011. The mothers with under-five children who lived in household using biomass fuels were interviewed. The total sample size of 210, calculated on the basis of Proportion to Population Size, was selected by using cluster sampling method. Children who suffered from common cold and fast breathing/higher respiratory rate were defined as having ALRI. Logistic regression was used to find out association of types of cooking stove and other factors with ALRI among the children.Results: Only about 30% of the households used improved stoves for cooking. Nearly one-third (31.4%) of the children under five years of age who lived in household using biomass fuels suffered from ALRI. After adjusting for the factors like mother’s group status, ethnic group, age of children, mother’s group membership status and father’s occupation, use of traditional/open type of cooking stove was found to be highly associated with ALRI [aOR:2.30; 95%CI (1.03-5.10)] among children.Conclusion: Exposure to smoke from a traditional stove is one of the factors leading to ALRI among children. The ALRI could be substantially reduced if these stoves be replaced by improved ones in rural areas of Nepal.

scholarly journals Indoor air pollution and health of children in biomass fuel-using households of Bangladesh: comparison between urban and rural areas

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Khalequzzaman ◽  
Michihiro Kamijima ◽  
Kiyoshi Sakai ◽  
Takeshi Ebara ◽  
Bilqis Amin Hoque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

scholarly journals Indoor Air Quality, Information, and Socioeconomic Status: Evidence from Delhi

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 420-424
Author(s):  
Michael Greenstone ◽  
Kenneth Lee ◽  
Harshil Sahai
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Information ◽  
Air Purifier ◽  
Health Organization

In Delhi, one of the world's most polluted cities, there is relatively little information on indoor air pollution and how it varies by socioeconomic status (SES). Using indoor air quality monitors (IAQMs), we find that winter levels of household air pollution exceed World Health Organization standards by more than 20 times in both high-and low-SES households. We then evaluate a field experiment that randomly assigned monthlong IAQM user trials across medium-and high-SES households but suffered from significant survey non-response. Among respondents, IAQMs did not affect take-up of subsidized air purifier rentals or other defensive behavior.

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