scholarly journals Comparison of bone age in small-for-gestationalage children vs appropriate-for-getational-age children

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Lionardus Edward ◽  
Sjarif Hidajat Effendi ◽  
Djatnika Setiabudi
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Bone Age Delay

BackgroundAbout 10-15% small-for-gestational-age children are in higher risk for having linear growth retardation due to growth hormone-insulin like growth factor 1 axis defect (GH-IGF 1) which causes bone age delay.ObjectivesTo compare bone age in 24-36 month old children born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) to that in children born appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, from January to April 2009.Subjects consisted of50 healthy children of 24-36 months old (25 children born at term, SGA, 25 children born at term, AGA). We compared the appropriateness and delay of bone age between the two groups. ResultsMean bone age in the SGA group was 20.8 (SD 7.7) months, and in the AGA group was 25.7 (SD 7.1) months (P=0.022). Mean bone age deficit was -10.5 (6.5) months in the SGA group and -5.5 (SD 5.7) months in the AGA group (P=0.009). The prevalence ratio was 1.77 (95% CI: 1.19–2.62). Bone age delay was found to be higher in children born SGA than that in children of the other group (23 vs 13). On the contrary, appropriate bone age was found more in children born AGA (12 vs 2) (P=0.002).Conclusion Bone age delay in 24-36 months old children born small-for-gestational-age was found to be higher than in those born appropriate-for-gestational-age.

scholarly journals Prevalence of small for gestational age newborns and associated factors in a Brazilian Northeast capital

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-547
Author(s):  
Micaely Cristina dos Santos Tenório ◽  
Marilene Brandão Tenório ◽  
Raphaela Costa Ferreira ◽  
Carolina Santos Mello ◽  
Alane Cabral Menezes de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the factors associated with the birth of small for gestational age (SGA)infants, in a Northeastern Brazilian capital. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out with 331 pregnant women and their newborns attending the public health network in the city of Maceió, in 2014. Maternal antenatal data were collected (socioeconomic, lifestyle, clinical and nutritional) as well as data of the newborns (gestational age, mode of delivery, sex, birth weight and length), after delivery. Birth weight was classified according to the INTERGROWTH-21st curves, being considered SGA those below the 10th percentile according to gestational age and gender. The results were analyzed by Poisson regression using a hierarchical model and were expressed as prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI95%). Results: it was verified that 5.1% of the newborns were SGA. Regarding the associated factors, after adjustment of the hierarchical model, the variable working outside the home was associated with the endpoint studied [PR = 0.14; (CI95% = 0.02-0.75); p=0.022]. Conclusions: it was verified a low frequency of SGA infants in the evaluated population. The fact that the mother works outside the home proved to be a protective factor for this condition.

scholarly journals Association between Soluble (Pro)Renin Receptor Concentration in Cord Blood and Small for Gestational Age Birth: A Cross-Sectional Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e60036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriyoshi Watanabe ◽  
Satoshi Morimoto ◽  
Takeo Fujiwara ◽  
Tomo Suzuki ◽  
Kosuke Taniguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Receptor Concentration

scholarly journals Serum creatinine levels to estimate kidney function in small-for-gestational age and appropriate-for-gestational age newborns

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 305-11
Author(s):  
Indra Sandinirwan ◽  
Aris Primadi ◽  
Dany Hilmanto
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Kidney Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age

Background The main parameter used to determine renal function in newborns is serum creatinine. Fetal growth restriction during pregnancy can cause the baby to be born small-for-gestational age. Serum creatinine levels in newborns are affected by muscle mass, gestational age, as well as the number of nephrons and kidney development. Objective To determine the usefulness of serum creatinine levels as an estimate of glomerular filtration rate in small-for-gestational age and appropriate-for-gestational age newborns. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in May-June 2018. The subjects were full term newborn infants consisting of small-for-gestational age and appropriate-for-gestational age groups (16 subjects each), born in Bandung City Regional Public Hospital. Serum creatinine level was tested by the Jaffe method. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated based on serum creatinine, infant height, and a proportionality constant using the original Schwartz method, eGFR = [k * height]/SCr. Results Of 32 subjects, there were 17 spontaneous deliveries, 14 males, and 18 females. Mean serum creatinine levels in the small-for-gestational age and appropriate-for-gestational age groups were 0.94 (SD 0.36; 95%CI 0.75 to 1.14) mg/dL and 0.69 (SD 0.18; 95%CI 0.60 to 0.79) mg/dL (mean difference 0.25; 95%CI 0.05 to 0.46; P=0.009), respectively. The median estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) in the small-for-gestational age and appropriate-for-gestational age groups were 25.69 mL/min/1.73m2 and 30.10 mL/min/1.73m2 (median difference 4.42; 95%CI 2.04 to 15.8; P=0.008), respectively. There was a weak negative correlation between serum creatinine and birth weight (r=–0.344; P=0.027). Conclusion Serum creatinine levels in small-for-gestational age newborns are significantly higher than in appropriate-for-gestational age newborns.

scholarly journals Changes in Maternal Serum Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 during Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep Singh ◽  
Ngozi C. Orazulike ◽  
Jill Ashmore ◽  
Justin C. Konje
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Circulating Levels

Changes in circulating levels of maternal serum transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), collected from 98 women (AGA) at different gestational ages (10–38 weeks) were measured and comparisons were made between levels in pregnant and nonpregnant controls and also between 10 women with small-for-gestational age (SGA) and 7 with appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) fetuses. Maternal serum TGF-β1 levels at all stages of pregnancy were higher than those in normal healthy nonpregnant adults. The mean TGF-β1 levels in SGA pregnancies at 34-week gestation (32.5 + 3.2 ng/mL) were significantly less than those in AGA pregnancies (39.2 + 9.8 ng/mL) while at 38-week gestation, the levels were similar in the two groups (36.04 + 4.3 versus 36.7 + 7.0 ng/mL). This differential change in TGF-β1 levels is probably an important modulating factor in the aetiopathogenesis of abnormal intrauterine fetal growth.

scholarly journals Comparison of Clinical, Ultrasonographic, and Biochemical Differences at the Beginning of Puberty in Healthy Girls Born Either Small for Gestational Age or Appropriate for Gestational Age: Preliminary Results

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 3377-3381 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Hernández ◽  
A. Martínez ◽  
T. Capurro ◽  
V. Peña ◽  
L. Trejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Pubic Hair ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age

Abstract Context: There are limited and controversial data concerning puberty characteristics in girls born small for gestational age (SGA). Objective: The objective of the study was to document clinical, ultrasonographic, and biochemical characteristics at the beginning of puberty in matched healthy girls born either SGA or appropriate for gestational age (AGA) recruited from the community. Patients: Inclusion criteria were breast Tanner stage II and a body mass index between the 10th and 95th percentiles. Interventions: Recruited subjects underwent a complete physical exam, bone age, and ultrasound measurements of the internal genitalia. Hormonal assessment included fasting early morning dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, SHBG, inhibin-B, FSH, LH, estradiol (E2), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OH Prog), and testosterone. Thereafter, a GnRH agonist test (leuprolide 500 μg, sc) was performed with FSH and LH at time 3 and 24 h for E2, 17OH Prog, and testosterone. Results: Sixty-five girls (35 AGA, 30 SGA) with a mean age of 9.9 ± 1.03 (7.8–12.5) yr, similar bone age/chronological age (1.02 ± 0.8 in AGA and 1 ± 0.76 in SGA), median height of 1.35 ± 0.06 cm, and similar waist to hip ratio were included. No differences in the presence of pubic hair, axillary hair, apocrine odor, or ultrasound measurements were found. SGA girls had increased baseline E2 as well as stimulated E2 and 17OH Prog. Conclusions: In a preliminary sample of lean, healthy girls recruited from the community born either SGA or AGA, we observed slight hormonal differences at the beginning of puberty. Longitudinal follow-up of this cohort will allow us to understand whether these differences are maintained and have a clinical impact in their pubertal development.

scholarly journals Association of Birth Parameters with Refractive Status in a Sample of Caucasian Children Aged 4–17 Years

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berna Akova-Budak ◽  
Sertaç Argun Kıvanç ◽  
Osman Okan Olcaysü
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Refractive Status ◽  
Ophthalmologic Examination ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range

Purpose. To investigate the association of birth parameters with refractive status in different age groups of Caucasian children.Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study included 564 eyes of 282 children aged 4 to 17 years. All children underwent complete ophthalmologic examination. The children were divided into three groups according to their refractive status (emmetropia,myopia, and hyperopia), ages (4–7, 8-9, 10–12, and 13–17), and appropriateness for gestational age, respectively.Results. The mean age of the children was9.2±2.8(age range 4–17 years). The mean spheric equivalent was+0.3±1.7(range: (−10.0)–(+10.0) diopters). The mean birth weight and gestational age were2681.1±930.8grams (750–5000 grams) and37.2±3.7weeks (25–42 weeks). According to multinominal logistic regression analysis, children with myopia were more likely to have higher birth weights than emmetropic children (OR: 1.0, 95% CI: 1.000–1.001, andP=0.028). The hypermetropes were found to be significantly small for gestational age between 13 and 17 years of age.Conclusion. Birth weight and appropriateness for gestational age as birth parameters may have an impact on development of all types of refractive errors. The hypermetropic children tended to be small for gestational age.

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