scholarly journals Mantoux test results and BCG vaccination status in TB-exposed children

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Fadilah Harahap ◽  
Ridwan M. Daulay ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Wisman Dalimunthe ◽  
Rini Savitri Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Bcg Vaccination

Background Tuberculosis (TB) infection is highly prevalent in Indonesia. The source of transmission of TB to a child is usually via an adult with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. The Mantoux test is a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis infection. The BCG vaccine has been used for the prevention of TB, but its efficacy is still debated. Objective To assess for an association between Mantoux test results and BCG vaccination in children who had contact with adult pulmonary tuberculosis and to assess for differences in Mantoux test induration with regards to nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, and time duration since BCG vaccination in BCG-vaccinated and BCG-unvaccinated children. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in FebruaryMarch 2011 on infants and children (aged 3 months to five years), who had household contact with adult pulmonary TB. We performed tuberculin (Mantoux) skin tests to detect TB infection in the children. Subjects were consisted of two groups: BCG-vaccinated and BCG-unvaccinated. Results Subjects were 100 children (50 BCG-vaccinated and 50 BCG-unvaccinated subjects). Positive Mantoux test results were observed in 9 vaccinated subjects and 33 unvaccinated subjects. The mean diameters of induration in the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were 7.6 mm and 9.6 mm, respectively (95%CI of difference -4.25 to 0.20; P=0.074). In children who had household contact with sputum smear-positive adult pulmonary TB, BCG vaccination was a protective factor against TB infection, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.113 (95%CI 0.045 to 0.286; P=0.0001). There were no significant differences in Mantoux test induration associated with nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, and duration since BCG vaccination, between the two groups. Conclusion BCG vaccination has a protective effect on TBexposed children, based on Mantoux test results. However, there are no differences in Mantoux test induration associated with nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, or duration since BCG vaccination, between the BCG-vaccinated and BCGunvaccinated groups.

scholarly journals Mantoux tests of children in household contact with adult acid fast bacilli-positive or -negative pulmonary tuberculosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Wardah Wardah ◽  
Ridwan Muktar Daulay ◽  
Emil Azlin ◽  
Wisman Dalimunthe ◽  
Rini Savitri Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. In children, the major source of TB transmission is adults with pulmonary TB who have acid fast bacilli (AFB)-positive sputum. However, tuberculosis infection can also occur in children in household contact with adults who have AFB-negative pulmonary TB.Objective To compare Mantoux test results and induration diameters in children with adult pulmonary TB household contact who were either positive or negative for AFB, and to assess for possible associations between Mantoux test results with age, family income, and house ventilation in both groups.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2014. Mantoux test was performed in children aged 3 months to 18 years who had household contact with either AFB-positive or -negative adult pulmonary TB patients.Results A total of 106 children were enrolled in the study. All subjects had household contact with adult pulmonary TB patients who were either AFB-positive (54 children) or AFB-negative (52 children). Mean Mantoux test induration diameters were significantly different between groups (10.9 (SD 6.55) mm vs. 6.2 (SD 5.91) mm, respectively; P=0.001). In addition, there was significantly higher risk of positive Mantoux test in children in contact with adult AFB-positive TB patients than in the AFB-negative group (OR 5.66; 95%CI 2.36-13.59; P=0.0001). However, there were no significant differences in positive Mantoux test results in each of the AFB-positive and -negative groups, with regards to age, family income, or house ventilation.Conclusion Mean Mantoux test induration diameter in children who had household contact with AFB-positive adults is significantly larger than that of the AFB-negative group. Positive Mantoux test results in children are associated with AFB-positive adult TB in the household. There is no association between positive Mantoux test results and age, family income, or house ventilation in both groups. 

scholarly journals Mantoux tests of children in household contact with adult acid fast bacilli-positive or -negative pulmonary tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Wardah Wardah ◽  
Ridwan Muktar Daulay ◽  
Emil Azlin ◽  
Wisman Dalimunthe ◽  
Rini Savitri Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. In children, the major source of TB transmission is adults with pulmonary TB who have acid fast bacilli (AFB)-positive sputum. However, tuberculosis infection can also occur in children in household contact with adults who have AFB-negative pulmonary TB.Objective To compare Mantoux test results and induration diameters in children with adult pulmonary TB household contact who were either positive or negative for AFB, and to assess for possible associations between Mantoux test results with age, family income, and house ventilation in both groups.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2014. Mantoux test was performed in children aged 3 months to 18 years who had household contact with either AFB-positive or -negative adult pulmonary TB patients.Results A total of 106 children were enrolled in the study. All subjects had household contact with adult pulmonary TB patients who were either AFB-positive (54 children) or AFB-negative (52 children). Mean Mantoux test induration diameters were significantly different between groups (10.9 (SD 6.55) mm vs. 6.2 (SD 5.91) mm, respectively; P=0.001). In addition, there was significantly higher risk of positive Mantoux test in children in contact with adult AFB-positive TB patients than in the AFB-negative group (OR 5.66; 95%CI 2.36-13.59; P=0.0001). However, there were no significant differences in positive Mantoux test results in each of the AFB-positive and -negative groups, with regards to age, family income, or house ventilation.Conclusion Mean Mantoux test induration diameter in children who had household contact with AFB-positive adults is significantly larger than that of the AFB-negative group. Positive Mantoux test results in children are associated with AFB-positive adult TB in the household. There is no association between positive Mantoux test results and age, family income, or house ventilation in both groups. 

scholarly journals A Measure of Transmission of Tuberculosis Infection among Children in Household Contact

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
K.R. Sharma ◽  
N.K. Bhatta ◽  
S.R. Niraula ◽  
R. Gurung ◽  
P.K. Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Under Five ◽  
National Tuberculosis

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is transmitted through droplets from patients having pulmonary TB, Young children living in the same household are at higher risk Tuberculosis, with great potential to benefit from screening and preventive treatment. This study was conducted with the objectives to estimate the prevalence of TB infection among under five years old children in household contact with pulmonary tuberculosis patients, and assess the factors associated with transmission of TB. Methods: Pulmonary TB patients receiving treatment from the DOTS Centres in Sunsari District (Index Case-IC) were visited in their household to identify and assess contacts below five years of age. Transverse induration greater than10 mm was defined as a positive Mantoux test suggestive of tubercular infection. Results: Among 190 household contacts, Mantoux was positive in 13.7% (95%CI: 11.2-16.2). Higher sputum bacillary load (adjusted OR=3.03; 95% CI 1.01-9.1) and spitting habits of Index Cases (aOR=3.1; 95% CI 1.2-7.7), first-degree relationship (aOR=3.5; 95%CI 1.4-8.7) and longer duration of contact (aOR- 6.7; 95% CI 1.4-32.2), were factors significantly associated with positive Mantoux test in the under-five years old household contact. Conclusion: The prevalence of tuberculosis infection among under-five children in contact with pulmonary tuberculosis patients was 13.7%, which is nearly double than the results of first national tuberculin survey (7%), conducted by National Tuberculosis Centre. This highlights the need for a competent & functioning contact tracing mechanism to halt the chain of transmission of infection. Social and behavioral factors existing in the household were significantly associated with the transmission of Tuberculosis infection.

scholarly journals Clinical Profile and Outcome of Childhood Tuberculosis at Dhulikhel Hospital

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Shrestha ◽  
SB Marahatta ◽  
P Poudyal ◽  
SM Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Childhood Tuberculosis ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Pediatric Tb ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

The corrected PDF for this article was loaded on 07/02/2011.Background: Children contribute a significant proportion of the tuberculosis (TB) burden in Nepal and suffer severe TB related morbidity and mortality, particularly in endemic areas. Diagnosis and management of pediatric TB especially Extra pulmonary TB (EPTB) is challenging.Objectives: The present study was designed to study clinical, laboratory characteristics and outcome of childhood tuberculosis. Methods: A prospective analysis of 60 cases of TB children within three years period was conducted at Pediatric Department, Dhulikhel Hospital and followed up till child completely recovered.Results: In the present study 60 children had clinical and lab evidence of tuberculosis and received anti tubercular therapy. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis was common (78.3%) than pulmonary tuberculosis (21.6%). BCG scar was absent in eight (13.33%) and absent BCG vaccination was significantly associated with disseminated TB (p<0.05). The most frequently seen symptoms were fever (65 %), cough (46.67 %) and abdominal distension (36.67%). Hepatomegaly (45%), ascites (33.33%), lymphadenopathy (23.33 %) and splenomegaly (11.67 %), and are common signs. Malnutrition seen in (33.3%) with more malnourished children with disseminated TB than in other diagnosis (p<0.001). Mantoux test was positive in (48.3%). Isolation of AFB was possible only in (8.33%). Among 60 cases (60%) were recovered completely with the primary regimen, (5%) recovered with extending the duration of primary regimen to three more months. (25%) failed to follow up, while (6.67%) died.Conclusion: EPTB is common than pulmonary TB. Among 60 cases 36 (60%) recovered completely with the primary regimen, three cases (5%) recovered with extending the duration with primary regimen. Fifteen cases (25%) failed to follow up, while four cases (6.67%) died.Key words: Children; Tuberculosis; Diagnosis; Outcome DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v31i1.4160J Nep Paedtr Soc 2010;31(1):11-16

scholarly journals Profil Penderita Penyakit Tuberkulosis Paru BTA Positif yang Ditemukan di BP4 Lubuk Alung periode Januari 2012 – Desember 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eni Yulvia Susilayanti ◽  
Irvan Medison ◽  
Erkadius Erkadius
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Suspected Tuberculosis ◽  
History Of

AbstrakTuberkulosis masih merupakan masalah kesehatan di Indonesia karena prevalensi yang masih tinggi,i terutama di negara berkembang. Karena penyebarannya yang tinggi, maka perlu diketahui bagaimana profil penderita penyakit ini agar penularannya bisa diminimalkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui profil penderita tuberculosis paru BTA positif yang berobat di Balai Pengobatan Penyakit Paru (BP4) Lubuk Alung periode 1 Januari 2012 – 31 Desember 2012. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif retrospektif. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah data dari rekam medik di Balai Pengobatan Penyakit Paru (BP4) Lubuk Alung sejak 1 Januari 2012 – 31 Desember 2012. Populasi yang ada seluruhnya dijadikan subjek penelitian. Kemudian dilakukan pencatatan dari beberapa variabel yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam periode tersebut jumlah penderita yang berobat ke BP4 Lubuk Alung adalah 19.440 orang, sebanyak 3.224 orang diantaranya suspek. Penderita BTA (+) 1.109 orang. Jenis kelamin laki-laki (70,8%) lebih banyak dari perempuan. Usia terbanyak adalah 21-30 tahun (23,2%). Daerah asal terbanyak adalah Kab. Padang Pariaman (29,4%). Derajat kepositifan BTA sputum terbanyak berupa positif tiga (+3) adalah (44,2%). Tipe penderita terbanyak merupakan penderita kasus baru sebanyak (91,7%). Keluhan terbanyak yang dirasakan ketika berobat adalah batuk (99%). Sebanyak (13,4%) memiliki penyakit penyerta selain tuberkulosis. Riwayat penggunaan obat sebelumnya sebanyak (11,3%). Sebanyak (99%) dirujuk ke puskesmas dan unit pelayanan kesehatan terdekat. Berdasarkan pendataan profil penderita TB Paru BTA Positif bisa dilihat paling banyak adalah derajat (+3) dan dirujuk ke unit pelayanan terdekat.Kata kunci: profil, tuberkulosis paruAbstractTuberculosis is still a health problem in Indonesia because the prevalence is still high, especially in developing countries. Due to the speed of spread, it is necessary to know the profile of people who suffer from this disease, so the transmission can be minimized. The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of positive acid-fast-bacilli (BTA) in pulmonary tuberculosis patients who seek treatment at Medical Center for Pulmonary Diseases (BP4) Lubuk Alung during the period 1 January 2012-31 December 2012.This is a descriptive retrospective study by taking the data from medical records in BP4 Lubuk Alung. Using the enterety of the population. The results of this study indicate that in this period the number of people who went to BP4 Lubuk Alung were 19.440 people, 3.224 of them suspected tuberculosis. Patients with BTA (+) was 1.109 people. We found male 70.78%. Most are 21-30 years of age 23.2%. The area of origin mostly from Kab. Padang Pariaman 29.4%. The degree of sputum smear positivity mostly positive three (+3) was 44.2%. Type of most patients are people with new cases 91.7%. Most complaints was cough 99%. A total of 13.44% had concomitant diseases other than tuberculosis. History of previous anti tuberculosis drugs (OAT) we found in 11.3%. And 99% are referred to hospitals and health care units nearby. Based on the data collection, profile of positif pulmonary TB patients is (+3) and mostly referred to the nearest health center and service unit.Keywords:profile, pulmonary tuberculosis

scholarly journals Complete sputum smear monitoring among adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in central Uganda: evidence from a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Adrawa ◽  
Stephen Okoboi ◽  
Alimah Komuhangi ◽  
Jonathan Izudi ◽  
Ronald Nsubuga
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Directly Observed Therapy ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Adjusted Risk

Abstract Background: People with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis require sputum smear monitoring at 2, 5, and 6 months to establish treatment outcomes. However, there is limited information about sputum smear monitoring in Uganda, similar to other developing countries. We examined factors associated with complete sputum smear monitoring among persons with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB aged ≥15 years in central Uganda.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed and abstracted data for persons with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB initiated on treatment between January 2017 and December 2019 across 11 large TB units in Masaka district in central Uganda. Complete sputum smear monitoring was measured as the receipt of three sputum smear microscopy tests at 2, 5, and 6 months of TB treatment. The data were summarized descriptively and the differences in the outcome with independent variables were examined using tests of statistical significance. The factors independently associated with the outcome were established using the modified Poisson regression analysis with robust standard errors, reported as adjusted risk ratio (aRR) along with the 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of 416 participants were enrolled, with a mean age of 37.3 ±12.9 years. Of the participants, 290 (69.7) were males, 269 (64.7) were rural residents, and 128 (30.8%) had complete sputum smear monitoring. Urban residence (aRR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.12-1.90), treatment under the community-based directly observed therapy short-course strategy (DOTS) (aRR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.25–2.92), and TB and human immunodeficiency virus (TB/HIV) comorbidity (aRR 0.45, 95% CI 0.30–0.68) were associated with complete sputum smear monitoring. Conclusions: We observed a low magnitude of complete sputum smear monitoring among persons with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB aged ≥15 years in central Uganda. Urban residence and treatment under community-based DOTS are associated with a higher likelihood of complete sputum smear monitoring while TB/HIV co-infection is associated with a lower likelihood of complete sputum smear monitoring. At rural health facilities, there is a need to develop strategies to enhance the performance of sputum smear monitoring. Additionally, TB/HIV collaboration and the implementation of community-based DOTS should be strengthened to increase the performance of sputum smear monitoring.

scholarly journals COMPARISON THE DURATION OF SPUTUM CONVERSION IN NEW CASE SMEAR POSITIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT DIABETES MELLITUS

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Radita Ikapratiwi ◽  
Indah Rahmawati ◽  
Joko Mulyanto
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Sputum Conversion

Tuberculosis (TB) is considered as the leading killer among infectious diseases because of bacteria resulted in a high number ofmorbidity and mortality world wide. One risk factor for tuberculosisis diabetes mellitus (DM). The prevalence of TB and DM jump together globally, especially in developing countries, including Indonesia. Early and accurate diagnosis of TB cases in the enforcement is sputum smear examination. Monitoring of TB seen through sputum conversion. The purpose of this studyis to determine the duration of sputum conversion difference new case smear positive pulmonary TB patients with and without DM in hospital Prof. Dr.Margono Soekarjo (RSMS) Purwokerto. Thestudy design is observational analytic with cohort retrospective study. Sample of this study was patients who checked their health in Lung Clinis of RSMS Purwokerto obtained total sample of 44 people, consisting of 22 patients clinically diagnosed new cases smear-positive pulmonary TB with DM and 22 patients without DM in 2009 until 2012.Results of this study were analyzed using Fisher Exact Test. pvalues obtainedof 0.000 (p <0.05) (95% CI = 0,288-0,718) with relative risk 0,455. The conclusion is there were significant differences in sputum conversion time between the group of patients suffering from pulmonary uberculosis with and without DM. The conversion of sputum in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who suffered DM is longer than patients without DM. Relative risk value which is equal to 0.455 which means that patients with DM have pulmonary tuberculosis risk by 0.455 times more likely to experience delays in sputum conversion than TB patients without DM

scholarly journals LATENT PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD ATIF SHIRAZ ◽  
ABDULLAH KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Chest Radiographs ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Screening Design ◽  
Cheap Method ◽  
Cardiac Lesions ◽  
Asymptomatic Adult

Objective: To assess the prevalence of latent pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in young adults males on MMR screening. Design: Descriptive study Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Combined Military Hospital Kohat from January 2004 to August 2005. Material and Methods: A total of 4000 freshly inducted recruits aged between 18-23 years were subjected to MMR using an Odalka camera. Individuals with suspicious findings had a standard chest radiograph taken and on confirmation of findings they were inoculated with tuberculin and readings of Mantoux test were recorded. Results: Out of 4000 MMR films, 2.15% were judged suspicious and standard chest radiographs were taken. 1.2% showedfeatures suggestive of pulmonary TB. 0.175% showed non-tuberculous pulmonary findings and 0.05% showed cardiac lesions. 0.725 % chest radiographs were normal. 1.2 % suspected cases of pulmonary TB were investigated further with Mantoux test. 0.745% had strongly positive Mantoux test and were labeled as latent pulmonary TB. Conclusions: Pulmonary TB is a major health issue in our country. There is a highprevalence of latent pulmonary TB in our asymptomatic adult population. MMR is an effective and cheap method of early detection and should be considered for mass screening of our younger population on a larger scale.

scholarly journals Viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum after pulmonary tuberculosis cure

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atiqa Ambreen ◽  
Muhammad Jamil ◽  
Muhammad Aqeelur Rahman ◽  
Tehmina Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Continuation Phase ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Direct Smear ◽  
Smear Examination ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Performing Culture

Abstract Background Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) with detectable Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum is a major source of transmission. In resource limited TB endemic settings, cure is declared by sputum smear examination for acid fast bacilli without performing culture. This may lead to erroneous treatment outcomes as viable bacteria may be missed by low sensitivity of direct smear method of acid fast staining. The aim of this study was to investigate if sterilizing cure is achieved among the new pulmonary TB cases declared cured by sputum smear conversion and the impact of addition of ethambutol in the continuation phase in achieving sterilizing cure. Methods New sputum smear positive pulmonary TB patients registered at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan were followed under standard Directly Observed Treatment Short Course strategy for six months. Half of these patients received ethambutol in addition to isoniazid and rifampicin in continuation phase. Sputum specimens were examined on microscopy at 2 months and end of treatment. Sputa of patients with negative direct smear examination at the end of treatment were cultured on solid medium. Results Total of 533 newly diagnosed sputum smear positive pulmonary TB patients were registered from November 2013 to March 2014. Among these 504 converted sputum negative at 2 months and 348 converted at the end of six months of treatment and declared cured. Sputa of 204/348 patients were cultured, and 12/204 (6%) were culture positive. Culture positivity at 6 month was not associated with bacterial load, smoking, diabetes, presence of cavities, history of contact with TB, age, gender, socioeconomic status, or addition of ethambutol in the continuation phase of treatment. Conclusion Six month treatment does not provide sterilizing cure in all pulmonary TB leading to risk for relapse. Direct smear examination is not enough to declare cure in TB patients. Addition of ethambutol in the continuation phase did not result in better sterilizing cure. These findings emphasize the importance of performing culture and follow-up of patients to monitor relapse in routine TB care. More studies are needed to find the optimal duration of treatment for individual or carefully selected groups of patients.

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