scholarly journals Mantoux tests of children in household contact with adult acid fast bacilli-positive or -negative pulmonary tuberculosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Wardah Wardah ◽  
Ridwan Muktar Daulay ◽  
Emil Azlin ◽  
Wisman Dalimunthe ◽  
Rini Savitri Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. In children, the major source of TB transmission is adults with pulmonary TB who have acid fast bacilli (AFB)-positive sputum. However, tuberculosis infection can also occur in children in household contact with adults who have AFB-negative pulmonary TB.Objective To compare Mantoux test results and induration diameters in children with adult pulmonary TB household contact who were either positive or negative for AFB, and to assess for possible associations between Mantoux test results with age, family income, and house ventilation in both groups.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2014. Mantoux test was performed in children aged 3 months to 18 years who had household contact with either AFB-positive or -negative adult pulmonary TB patients.Results A total of 106 children were enrolled in the study. All subjects had household contact with adult pulmonary TB patients who were either AFB-positive (54 children) or AFB-negative (52 children). Mean Mantoux test induration diameters were significantly different between groups (10.9 (SD 6.55) mm vs. 6.2 (SD 5.91) mm, respectively; P=0.001). In addition, there was significantly higher risk of positive Mantoux test in children in contact with adult AFB-positive TB patients than in the AFB-negative group (OR 5.66; 95%CI 2.36-13.59; P=0.0001). However, there were no significant differences in positive Mantoux test results in each of the AFB-positive and -negative groups, with regards to age, family income, or house ventilation.Conclusion Mean Mantoux test induration diameter in children who had household contact with AFB-positive adults is significantly larger than that of the AFB-negative group. Positive Mantoux test results in children are associated with AFB-positive adult TB in the household. There is no association between positive Mantoux test results and age, family income, or house ventilation in both groups. 

scholarly journals Mantoux tests of children in household contact with adult acid fast bacilli-positive or -negative pulmonary tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Wardah Wardah ◽  
Ridwan Muktar Daulay ◽  
Emil Azlin ◽  
Wisman Dalimunthe ◽  
Rini Savitri Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. In children, the major source of TB transmission is adults with pulmonary TB who have acid fast bacilli (AFB)-positive sputum. However, tuberculosis infection can also occur in children in household contact with adults who have AFB-negative pulmonary TB.Objective To compare Mantoux test results and induration diameters in children with adult pulmonary TB household contact who were either positive or negative for AFB, and to assess for possible associations between Mantoux test results with age, family income, and house ventilation in both groups.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2014. Mantoux test was performed in children aged 3 months to 18 years who had household contact with either AFB-positive or -negative adult pulmonary TB patients.Results A total of 106 children were enrolled in the study. All subjects had household contact with adult pulmonary TB patients who were either AFB-positive (54 children) or AFB-negative (52 children). Mean Mantoux test induration diameters were significantly different between groups (10.9 (SD 6.55) mm vs. 6.2 (SD 5.91) mm, respectively; P=0.001). In addition, there was significantly higher risk of positive Mantoux test in children in contact with adult AFB-positive TB patients than in the AFB-negative group (OR 5.66; 95%CI 2.36-13.59; P=0.0001). However, there were no significant differences in positive Mantoux test results in each of the AFB-positive and -negative groups, with regards to age, family income, or house ventilation.Conclusion Mean Mantoux test induration diameter in children who had household contact with AFB-positive adults is significantly larger than that of the AFB-negative group. Positive Mantoux test results in children are associated with AFB-positive adult TB in the household. There is no association between positive Mantoux test results and age, family income, or house ventilation in both groups. 

scholarly journals Mantoux test results and BCG vaccination status in TB-exposed children

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Fadilah Harahap ◽  
Ridwan M. Daulay ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Wisman Dalimunthe ◽  
Rini Savitri Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Bcg Vaccination

Background Tuberculosis (TB) infection is highly prevalent in Indonesia. The source of transmission of TB to a child is usually via an adult with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. The Mantoux test is a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis infection. The BCG vaccine has been used for the prevention of TB, but its efficacy is still debated. Objective To assess for an association between Mantoux test results and BCG vaccination in children who had contact with adult pulmonary tuberculosis and to assess for differences in Mantoux test induration with regards to nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, and time duration since BCG vaccination in BCG-vaccinated and BCG-unvaccinated children. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in FebruaryMarch 2011 on infants and children (aged 3 months to five years), who had household contact with adult pulmonary TB. We performed tuberculin (Mantoux) skin tests to detect TB infection in the children. Subjects were consisted of two groups: BCG-vaccinated and BCG-unvaccinated. Results Subjects were 100 children (50 BCG-vaccinated and 50 BCG-unvaccinated subjects). Positive Mantoux test results were observed in 9 vaccinated subjects and 33 unvaccinated subjects. The mean diameters of induration in the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were 7.6 mm and 9.6 mm, respectively (95%CI of difference -4.25 to 0.20; P=0.074). In children who had household contact with sputum smear-positive adult pulmonary TB, BCG vaccination was a protective factor against TB infection, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.113 (95%CI 0.045 to 0.286; P=0.0001). There were no significant differences in Mantoux test induration associated with nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, and duration since BCG vaccination, between the two groups. Conclusion BCG vaccination has a protective effect on TBexposed children, based on Mantoux test results. However, there are no differences in Mantoux test induration associated with nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, or duration since BCG vaccination, between the BCG-vaccinated and BCGunvaccinated groups.

scholarly journals Poverty reduces maternity waiting home utilization in Sidama Zone, southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem Tenaw ◽  
Rekiku Fikre ◽  
Hirut Gemeda ◽  
Ayalew Astatkie
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Maternity Waiting Home ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background : Maternity waiting home utilization is proved to decrease maternal mortality and morbidity. Maternity waiting home service utilization is a strategy to improve facility-based skilled delivery service in Ethiopia. Though the establishment of maternity waiting homes started in Ethiopia more than three decades back, the utilization of the service seems to low. The objective of this study is to estimate the magnitude of maternity waiting home utilization and identify its associated factors in Sidama Zone, southern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 748 mothers who gave birth in the last one year in selected woredas (districts) of Sidama Zone. Data were collected from April 1- 25, 2019 using pre-tested and structured questionnaires. Data were coded and entered into EpiData version 3.5.1 and exported to Stata Version 13 software for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with maternity waiting home utilization adjusting for confounders. Results : In this study utilization of maternity waiting home in Sidama Zone was 67.25 % ( 95% CI: 63.79%-70.53%).Maternity waiting home utilization was significantly associated with maternal age of 31-40 (AOR=0.4; 95%CI: 0.28-0.64) related to 20-30 age category, daily laborer occupation of mothers (AOR=0.2; 95%CI: 0.06-0.76), protestant religion (AOR=1.7; 95% CI: 1.00-2.82), monthly income under poverty level(825-1320 EBR) (AOR=0.6; 95%CI: 0.36-0.92)related with extremely under poverty level(<825EBR), lack of knowledge about maternity waiting home (AOR=0.009; 95%CI: 0.002-0.03) and having a spouse who can read and write (AOR=2.0; 95%CI: 1.11-3.66) . Conclusion: Women who had knowledge about maternity waiting home, women who had a husband who can read and write and women who were protestant religion followers have higher probabilities of maternity waiting home utilization, whereas older women (31-40 years old), women who are daily laborers and women whose family income is below poverty have lower probabilities of maternity waiting home utilization. Health education about maternity waiting home utilization, spouse education and women's economic empowerment are crucial to enhance maternity waiting home utilization. Keywords: Maternity waiting home, Utilization, Associated factors, Ethiopia

scholarly journals Factors associated with institutional delivery among the rural women in Bangladesh

Mediscope ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akkur Chandra Das ◽  
Manaj Kumar Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Access ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Institutional Delivery ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
The Government

Maternal mortality and morbidity rates in Bangladesh along with poor health care access are still high. The aim of this study was to identify associated factors with institutional delivery among rural women in Bangladesh. The cross sectional study conducted among the rural women aged 15-49 years old in seven sub-districts of Bhola district, Bangladesh. The study sample size was 250 rural women who were purposively selected. Hazards Model Analysis, namely univariate (Model 1) and multivariate (Model 2) binary logistic regression analyses, was performed in the final analysis. Employing the hazards analysis, the study had identified that the maternal characteristics such as mother’s education, age, and media exposure were more important covariates associated in explaining institutional delivery (Model 1). Education of mother, exposure of media, and family income were strongly and positively associated with the risk of termination of institutional delivery in the both Model 1 and Model 2. Mothers with higher education have a positive significant effect on the termination of institutional delivery, when compared with women of education below secondary. The findings of the present study are likely to the government and policy makers to take appropriate measures to decrease delivery complexities and mortalities by increasing institutional delivery facility where the facility is lacking.Mediscope Vol. 3, No. 2: July 2016, Pages 18-25

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cancer Patients with Older Adult for Awareness and Hospital Arrival Process of COVID-19 Pandemic During: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233372142199766
Author(s):  
Zeynep Sipahi Karslı ◽  
Berna Kurt ◽  
İbrahim Karadağ ◽  
Berna Çakmak Öksüzoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Arrival Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Hospital Arrival ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Correlational Design ◽  
Study Results

The study aimed to evaluate the Coronavirus pandemic awareness of cancer patients ≥65 years of age, considered a vulnerable group, and their hospital arrival process, follow-ups and treatments during the pandemic. COVID-19 pandemic was found to increases the mortality and morbidity rates of individuals who aged 65 years and older. The research was conducted with a cross-sectional descriptive correlational design. The sample consist of 77 cancer patients aged 65 years and older adult. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling. In total, 77 patients from the Oncology Hospital located in Ankara from April 29, 2020 to May 20, 2020. Data were collected using a two-part form and a questionnaire. The study was undertaken in accordance with the STROBE checklist for observational studies. Of the participants, 59.7% were female, the mean age was 70 years, 79.2% resided in Ankara and 98.7% traveled to the hospital by car. Looking at the gender and the protective measures taken at home, female participants were found to perform a statistically significant higher level of protective measures. In conclusion, the study results suggest that the restrictions for older adult oncology patients during the pandemic did not negatively affect the delivery of health care.

scholarly journals Occurrence, associated risk factors, and treatment of surgical site infections in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 205873922096054
Author(s):  
Faiz Ullah Khan ◽  
Yu Fang ◽  
Zakir Khan ◽  
Farman Ullah Khan ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Transurethral Resection ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Globally, surgical site infections are one of the common infections which lead to a large amount of mortality and morbidity in postsurgical care. The risk for surgical site infection is multidimensional which includes mainly; patient, surgery, and hospital-related factors. This study is aimed to determine the burden of SSIs along with contributed risk factors. A prospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted in one of the largest public-sector hospitals in Pakistan. A total of 412 patients were recruited in the study with full consent and monitored for 30 days after surgery with direct and indirect surveillance. Overall, in seven different surgical procedures the incidence (29.8%) rate of SSI was observed; in appendectomy ( n = 17, 4.1%), exploratory laparotomy ( n = 51, 12.6%), laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( n = 12, 2.90%), mesh repair ( n = 17, 4.01%), thyroidectomy (5, 1.2%), transurethral resection of the prostate ( n = 11, 2.6%), and transurethral resection of the bladder (10, 2.4%). The average SSI rate in every single procedure was about 18 (4.27%) per surgical procedure out of 123 (29.85%) SSI cases. Types of SSI identified were superficial, deep incisional and organ/space ( n = 76, 18.4%, n = 23, 5.5%, and n = 24, 5.7%). Incidence of SSIs during admission, at readmission, and post-surveillance cases were ( n = 50, 12.1%, n = 25, 6.0% and n = 48, 11.6%). Associated risk factors found contributed to the incidence of SSI ( p < 0.05). Pre-operative ( n = 348, 84.5%) and 6 (1.5%) surgical patients did not received the post-operative antibiotics. The P. aeruginosa ( n = 15, 12.1%) and S. aureus (13, 10.5%). Cefoperazone and sulbactam were the most prescribed antibiotics. Associated risk factors and treatment outcomes of surgical patients have a direct association with the incidence of SSI. Hospital-based antimicrobial stewardship, implementation of surgical guidelines, patient care, and education are needed to develop at wards level in hospitals.

scholarly journals Food insecurity among the elderly: cross-sectional study with soup kitchen users

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Fernanda do Nascimento Jacinto de Souza ◽  
Letícia Marín-León
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic Condition ◽  
Soup Kitchen

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether food insecurity is associated with the demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and health conditions of the elderly. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 427 elderly (³60 years) from Campinas, São Paulo; half were users of a government-run soup kitchen and the others, their neighbors of the same sex. Food insecurity was measured by the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Univariate multinomial logistic regression was used for calculating the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval to measure the association between the independent variables and food insecurity. Variables with p<0.20 were included in a multinomial model, and only those with p<0.05 remained. RESULTS: Most respondents (63.2%) were males; 15.2% and 6.6% were experiencing mild and moderate/severe food insecurity, respectively. The final model, adjusted for sex and age, showed that elderly with a total family income ≤2 minimum salaries (OR=3.41, 95%CI=1.27-9.14), who did not have a job (OR=2.95, 95%CI=1.23-7.06), and who were obese (OR=2.01, 95%CI=1.04-3.87) were more likely to be mildly food insecure. Elderly with cancer (OR=4.13, 95%CI=1.21-14.0) and those hospitalized in the past year (OR=3.16, 95%CI=1.23-8.11) were more likely to be moderately/severely food insecure. Finally, elderly living in unfinished houses (OR=2.71; and OR=2.92) and who did not consume fruits (OR=2.95 and OR=4.11) or meats daily (OR=2.04 and OR=3.83) were more likely to be mildly and moderately/severely food insecure. CONCLUSION: Food insecure elderly are more likely to have chronic diseases, poor nutritional status, and poor socioeconomic condition. Therefore, the welfare programs should expand the number of soup kitchens and develop other strategies to assure adequate nutrition to these elderly.

Attitude towards online classes among school and college going students during lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3446
Author(s):  
Saurav Kumar ◽  
Shiv Prakash ◽  
Mona Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
College Going ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the attitude of the school and college-going students towards online classes. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted on 228 school and college-going students fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria selected through purposive sampling methods. A semi-structured online questionnaire consisting of a socio-demographic questionnaire and Attitude towards online classes (ATOC) questionnaire was prepared by the researcher using Google form. The link of the questionnaire was sent to all the selected respondents through WhatsApp messages and emails. The data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 20 software. The reliability of the attitude questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha test. The association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi-square tests. The comparison between variables was assessed using the students independent t-test.Results: More than half of the respondents (51.32%) were found with a positive attitude towards online classes. There was a significant association found between attitude towards online classes and socio-demographic variables such as age (p<0.05), academic level (p<0.05), and family income (p<0.01). The respondents who attended online classes (p<0.05), have technical knowledge (p<0.01), and got supported by their parents in the study (p<0.05) were found significantly high positive attitudes towards online classes. There was a significant difference found in the attitude of the respondents who faced psychological disturbances such as a decline in attention-concentration (p<0.05), irritation-anger (p<0.01), and tension (p<0.05) due to online classes.Conclusions: Although, online classes are more beneficial for the students and teachers in their academic activities during the lockdown period due to the COVID-19 pandemic but it can’t take place of traditional face-to-face classes. 

Prevalence of vaginal candidiasis and associated factors in pregnant women with diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Doreen Macherera Mukona ◽  
Maxwell Mhlanga ◽  
Mathilda Zvinavashe
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monthly Family Income ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Diabetic Treatment ◽  
Living Children ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background/aims Vaginal candidiasis is commonly experienced by women with diabetes, but its prevalence is not well documented in Zimbabwe. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of vaginal candidiasis and factors associated with diabetic treatment adherence in pregnant women with diabetes. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on a consecutive sample of 157 participants from a central hospital in Harare, Zimbabwe. A structured questionnaire and physical examination of the perineum were used to collect data. All procedures were conducted in privacy. Diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis was made clinically. Data were analysed using the Chi-squared test, with P<0.05 being significant. Results The prevalence of vaginal candidiasis was 19.7%. There was a significant association between monthly family income (P=0.041), parity (P=0.029) and number of living children (P=0.049) and the presence of vaginal candidiasis. Women with poor adherence to diabetic therapy were 3.95 times more likely to have vaginal candidiasis (P=0.002). Conclusions Individualised health education on glycaemic control and good perineal hygiene remains key in the prevention of vaginal candidiasis among diabetic pregnant women.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document