LATENT PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

Objective: To assess the prevalence of latent pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in young adults males on MMR screening. Design: Descriptive study Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Combined Military Hospital Kohat from January 2004 to August 2005. Material and Methods: A total of 4000 freshly inducted recruits aged between 18-23 years were subjected to MMR using an Odalka camera. Individuals with suspicious findings had a standard chest radiograph taken and on confirmation of findings they were inoculated with tuberculin and readings of Mantoux test were recorded. Results: Out of 4000 MMR films, 2.15% were judged suspicious and standard chest radiographs were taken. 1.2% showedfeatures suggestive of pulmonary TB. 0.175% showed non-tuberculous pulmonary findings and 0.05% showed cardiac lesions. 0.725 % chest radiographs were normal. 1.2 % suspected cases of pulmonary TB were investigated further with Mantoux test. 0.745% had strongly positive Mantoux test and were labeled as latent pulmonary TB. Conclusions: Pulmonary TB is a major health issue in our country. There is a highprevalence of latent pulmonary TB in our asymptomatic adult population. MMR is an effective and cheap method of early detection and should be considered for mass screening of our younger population on a larger scale.

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Mantoux test results and BCG vaccination status in TB-exposed children

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi55.1.2015.7-12 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Fadilah Harahap ◽

Ridwan M. Daulay ◽

Muhammad Ali ◽

Wisman Dalimunthe ◽

Rini Savitri Daulay

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Household Contact ◽

Mantoux Test ◽

Skin Tests ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

Test Results ◽

Time Duration ◽

Pulmonary Tb ◽

Bcg Vaccination

Background Tuberculosis (TB) infection is highly prevalent in Indonesia. The source of transmission of TB to a child is usually via an adult with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. The Mantoux test is a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis infection. The BCG vaccine has been used for the prevention of TB, but its efficacy is still debated. Objective To assess for an association between Mantoux test results and BCG vaccination in children who had contact with adult pulmonary tuberculosis and to assess for differences in Mantoux test induration with regards to nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, and time duration since BCG vaccination in BCG-vaccinated and BCG-unvaccinated children. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in FebruaryMarch 2011 on infants and children (aged 3 months to five years), who had household contact with adult pulmonary TB. We performed tuberculin (Mantoux) skin tests to detect TB infection in the children. Subjects were consisted of two groups: BCG-vaccinated and BCG-unvaccinated. Results Subjects were 100 children (50 BCG-vaccinated and 50 BCG-unvaccinated subjects). Positive Mantoux test results were observed in 9 vaccinated subjects and 33 unvaccinated subjects. The mean diameters of induration in the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were 7.6 mm and 9.6 mm, respectively (95%CI of difference -4.25 to 0.20; P=0.074). In children who had household contact with sputum smear-positive adult pulmonary TB, BCG vaccination was a protective factor against TB infection, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.113 (95%CI 0.045 to 0.286; P=0.0001). There were no significant differences in Mantoux test induration associated with nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, and duration since BCG vaccination, between the two groups. Conclusion BCG vaccination has a protective effect on TBexposed children, based on Mantoux test results. However, there are no differences in Mantoux test induration associated with nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, or duration since BCG vaccination, between the BCG-vaccinated and BCGunvaccinated groups.

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Clinical Profile and Outcome of Childhood Tuberculosis at Dhulikhel Hospital

Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society ◽

10.3126/jnps.v31i1.4160 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 11-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S Shrestha ◽

SB Marahatta ◽

P Poudyal ◽

SM Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Abdominal Distension ◽

Childhood Tuberculosis ◽

Mantoux Test ◽

Pulmonary Tb ◽

Pediatric Tb ◽

Extra Pulmonary

The corrected PDF for this article was loaded on 07/02/2011.Background: Children contribute a significant proportion of the tuberculosis (TB) burden in Nepal and suffer severe TB related morbidity and mortality, particularly in endemic areas. Diagnosis and management of pediatric TB especially Extra pulmonary TB (EPTB) is challenging.Objectives: The present study was designed to study clinical, laboratory characteristics and outcome of childhood tuberculosis. Methods: A prospective analysis of 60 cases of TB children within three years period was conducted at Pediatric Department, Dhulikhel Hospital and followed up till child completely recovered.Results: In the present study 60 children had clinical and lab evidence of tuberculosis and received anti tubercular therapy. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis was common (78.3%) than pulmonary tuberculosis (21.6%). BCG scar was absent in eight (13.33%) and absent BCG vaccination was significantly associated with disseminated TB (p<0.05). The most frequently seen symptoms were fever (65 %), cough (46.67 %) and abdominal distension (36.67%). Hepatomegaly (45%), ascites (33.33%), lymphadenopathy (23.33 %) and splenomegaly (11.67 %), and are common signs. Malnutrition seen in (33.3%) with more malnourished children with disseminated TB than in other diagnosis (p<0.001). Mantoux test was positive in (48.3%). Isolation of AFB was possible only in (8.33%). Among 60 cases (60%) were recovered completely with the primary regimen, (5%) recovered with extending the duration of primary regimen to three more months. (25%) failed to follow up, while (6.67%) died.Conclusion: EPTB is common than pulmonary TB. Among 60 cases 36 (60%) recovered completely with the primary regimen, three cases (5%) recovered with extending the duration with primary regimen. Fifteen cases (25%) failed to follow up, while four cases (6.67%) died.Key words: Children; Tuberculosis; Diagnosis; Outcome DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v31i1.4160J Nep Paedtr Soc 2010;31(1):11-16

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Retrospective Analysis of Use of Empiric Anit Tuberculosis Treatment in Smear Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Central Sri Lanka

SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS ◽

10.3126/saarctb.v7i2.4400 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 15-18

Author(s):

D Madegedara ◽

KMCN Kulathunga ◽

SC Nakandala

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Mantoux Test ◽

Radiographic Findings ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Pulmonary Tb ◽

Tb Treatment ◽

Chest Clinic ◽

Group 3 ◽

Smear Negative

Objective: To critically analyze the outcome of sputum negative pulmonary TB patients who were managed in the Respiratory unit, Kandy Sri Lanka. Setting: Respiratory Unit, Teaching hospital, Kandy. Method: The subjects were between age 12 years or older and visited chest clinic Kandy, between January -December 2008 with a suspicion of pulmonary TB. 84 patients were reviewed with admission note, microbiology results and chest radiography. The characteristics of patients such as age, sex, clinical features, laboratory and radiographic findings were analyzed. Results: The diagnosis of definite or probable smear negative pulmonary TB was made on treatment outcome at one month with ATT medication. At this endpoint, 67 (79.76%) had clinical and radiological improvement, 7(8.33%) had clinical improvement and 3 (3.57%) had radiological improvement. Mantoux test was positive in 46(78%) of definite cases and 6(85.7%) in probable cases. Mycobacterial culture was positive in 5 patients. 7 (8.3%) cases were diagnosed as ‘non-TB’ based on absence of clinical / radiological improvement or discovery of another cause at or before this study end point. In non TB group 3 had carcinoma, 2 had pneumoconiosis, 1 had bronchiectasis while in 1, cause was indeterminate. Mantoux became positive in 6 (83.3%) in non Tuberculosis group. There was no association between positive Mantoux and presence of active pulmonary TB. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that empirical anti TB treatment is an acceptable practice if clinical suspicion of tuberculosis is high and patients show supportive radiological evidence of active TB. Keywords: Smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis; empirical anti tubercular treatment DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v7i2.4400SAARC J. TUBER. LUNG DIS. HIV/AIDS 2010 VII(2) 15-18

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A Measure of Transmission of Tuberculosis Infection among Children in Household Contact

SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS ◽

10.3126/saarctb.v16i1.23241 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 33-37

Author(s):

K.R. Sharma ◽

N.K. Bhatta ◽

S.R. Niraula ◽

R. Gurung ◽

P.K. Pokharel

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Household Contact ◽

Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Mantoux Test ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Pulmonary Tb ◽

Under Five ◽

National Tuberculosis

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is transmitted through droplets from patients having pulmonary TB, Young children living in the same household are at higher risk Tuberculosis, with great potential to benefit from screening and preventive treatment. This study was conducted with the objectives to estimate the prevalence of TB infection among under five years old children in household contact with pulmonary tuberculosis patients, and assess the factors associated with transmission of TB. Methods: Pulmonary TB patients receiving treatment from the DOTS Centres in Sunsari District (Index Case-IC) were visited in their household to identify and assess contacts below five years of age. Transverse induration greater than10 mm was defined as a positive Mantoux test suggestive of tubercular infection. Results: Among 190 household contacts, Mantoux was positive in 13.7% (95%CI: 11.2-16.2). Higher sputum bacillary load (adjusted OR=3.03; 95% CI 1.01-9.1) and spitting habits of Index Cases (aOR=3.1; 95% CI 1.2-7.7), first-degree relationship (aOR=3.5; 95%CI 1.4-8.7) and longer duration of contact (aOR- 6.7; 95% CI 1.4-32.2), were factors significantly associated with positive Mantoux test in the under-five years old household contact. Conclusion: The prevalence of tuberculosis infection among under-five children in contact with pulmonary tuberculosis patients was 13.7%, which is nearly double than the results of first national tuberculin survey (7%), conducted by National Tuberculosis Centre. This highlights the need for a competent & functioning contact tracing mechanism to halt the chain of transmission of infection. Social and behavioral factors existing in the household were significantly associated with the transmission of Tuberculosis infection.

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Kualitas Hidup Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru yang Mengalami Stigma Diri (Quality of Life Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients With Self Stigma))

Jurnal Kesehatan Holistic ◽

10.33377/jkh.v3i2.50 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 17-27

Author(s):

Yunita Sari

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Questionnaire Data ◽

Average Quality ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Pulmonary Tb ◽

Life Score

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease that can bring about the sufferer's self-stigma and also affect his quality of life. A number of studies report that living with TB has a negative influence on the quality of life of sufferers even with or without self-stigma. The purpose of this study was to identify the quality of life of TB patients who experienced self-stigma. This research is a descriptive study, sample were 31 pulmonary TB patients. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Data analyzed by using frequency distribution and percentage. The researcher first screened TB patients who experienced self-stigma. The results showed that 25 people (80.64%) respondents experienced mild self-stigma. A total of 9 respondents (36%) had a quality of life score in the good category and as many as 16 respondents (64%) had enough category with an average quality of life score is 56.57. While respondents who had moderate self-stigma were 6 people (19.36%) with a good quality of life score was 1 person (16.67%) and enough category quality of life score were 5 people (83.33%) with an average quality of life score is 49.92.

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Deep-Learning Based Automated Detection Algorithm for Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis on Chest Radiographs: Diagnostic Performance in Systematic Screening of Asymptomatic Individuals

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3369785 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jong Hyuk Lee ◽

Sunggyun Park ◽

Eui Jin Hwang ◽

Jin Mo Goo ◽

Woo Young Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Diagnostic Performance ◽

Detection Algorithm ◽

Automated Detection ◽

Chest Radiographs ◽

Systematic Screening ◽

Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Asymptomatic Individuals

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Synergistic effect of genetic polymorphisms in TLR6 and TLR10 genes on the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in a Moldavian population

Innate Immunity ◽

10.1177/17534259211029996 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 175342592110299

Author(s):

Alexander Varzari ◽

Igor V. Deyneko ◽

Elena Tudor ◽

Harald Grallert ◽

Thomas Illig

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Interaction Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Snp Analysis ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Exact Test ◽

Pulmonary Tb ◽

The Republic

Polymorphisms in genes that control immune function and regulation may influence susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). In this study, 14 polymorphisms in 12 key genes involved in the immune response ( VDR, MR1, TLR1, TLR2, TLR10, SLC11A1, IL1B, IL10, IFNG, TNF, IRAK1, and FOXP3) were tested for their association with pulmonary TB in 271 patients with TB and 251 community-matched controls from the Republic of Moldova. In addition, gene–gene interactions involved in TB susceptibility were analyzed for a total of 43 genetic loci. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis revealed a nominal association between TNF rs1800629 and pulmonary TB (Fisher exact test P = 0.01843). In the pairwise interaction analysis, the combination of the genotypes TLR6 rs5743810 GA and TLR10 rs11096957 GT was significantly associated with an increased genetic risk of pulmonary TB (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.62–3.85; Fisher exact test P value = 1.5 × 10−5, significant after Bonferroni correction). In conclusion, the TLR6 rs5743810 and TLR10 rs11096957 two-locus interaction confers a significantly higher risk for pulmonary TB; due to its high frequency in the population, this SNP combination may serve as a novel biomarker for predicting TB susceptibility.

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The Accuracy of Emergency Physicians’ Suspicions of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10040860 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 860

Author(s):

Shiang-Jin Chen ◽

Chun-Yu Lin ◽

Tzu-Ling Huang ◽

Ying-Chi Hsu ◽

Kuan-Ting Liu

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

General Ward ◽

Chest Radiographs ◽

Emergency Physicians ◽

Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of

Objective: To investigate factors associated with recognition and delayed isolation of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Background: Precise identification of PTB in the emergency department (ED) remains challenging. Methods: Retrospectively reviewed PTB suspects admitted via the ED were divided into three groups based on the acid-fast bacilli culture report and whether they were isolated initially in the ED or general ward. Factors related to recognition and delayed isolation were statistically compared. Results: Only 24.94% (100/401) of PTB suspects were truly active PTB and 33.77% (51/151) of active PTB were unrecognized in the ED. Weight loss (p = 0.022), absence of dyspnea (p = 0.021), and left upper lobe field (p = 0.024) lesions on chest radiographs were related to truly active PTB. Malignancy (p = 0.015), chronic kidney disease (p = 0.047), absence of a history of PTB (p = 0.013), and lack of right upper lung (p ≤ 0.001) and left upper lung (p = 0.020) lesions were associated with PTB being missed in the ED. Conclusions: Weight loss, absence of dyspnea, and left upper lobe field lesions on chest radiographs were related to truly active PTB. Malignancy, chronic kidney disease, absence of a history of PTB, and absence of right and/or left upper lung lesions on chest radiography were associated with isolation delay.

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Diabetes mellitus: an important risk factor for reactivation of tuberculosis

Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Case Reports ◽

10.1530/edm-16-0035 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ernesto Solá ◽

Carmen Rivera ◽

Michelle Mangual ◽

José Martinez ◽

Kelvin Rivera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Important Risk Factor ◽

World Population ◽

Lung Field ◽

List Type ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Pulmonary Tb

Summary Diabetes mellitus was identified as a risk factor for developing tuberculosis (TB) infection, and relapse after therapy. The risk of acquiring TB is described as comparable to that of HIV population. The fact that diabetics are 3× times more prone to develop pulmonary TB than nondiabetics cannot be overlooked. With DM recognized as global epidemic, and TB affecting one-third of the world population, physicians must remain vigilant. We present a 45-year-old woman born in Dominican Republic (DR), with 10-year history of T2DM treated with metformin, arrived to our Urgency Room complaining of dry cough for the past 3months. Interview unveiled unintentional 15lbs weight loss, night sweats, occasional unquantified fever, and general malaise but denied bloody sputum. She traveled to DR 2years before, with no known ill exposure. Physical examination showed a thin body habitus, otherwise well appearing woman with stable vital signs, presenting solely right middle lung field ronchi. LDH, ESR, hsCRP and Hg A1C were elevated. Imaging revealed a right middle lobe cavitation. Sputum for AFB disclosed active pulmonary TB. Our case portrays that the consideration of TB as differential diagnosis in diabetics should be exercised with the same strength, as it is undertaken during the evaluation of HIV patients with lung cavitation. Inability to recognize TB will endanger the patient, hospital dwellers and staff, and perpetuate this global public health menace. Learning points Diabetes mellitus should be considered an important risk factor for the reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis. High clinical suspicious should be taken into consideration as radiological findings for pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with diabetes mellitus may be atypical, involving middle and lower lobes. Inability to recognize pulmonary tuberculosis will endanger the patient, hospital dwellers and staff, and perpetuate this global public health menace.

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