Lung function in athletes and non-athletes aged 13-15 years

Background Regular sports or physical training contributes in increasing the body’s pulmonary function. The increase of pulmonary function is determined by the strength of respiratory muscle, thoracic compliance, upper respiratory system resistance, and pulmonary elasticity. Objective To compare pulmonary function between athletes and non-athletes aged 13-15 years. Methods This is a cross-sectional analytical study conducted onnior high school students aged 13-15 years throughout June to August 2017. Participants are classified as athletes from particular sports and non-athletes. Assessment of pulmonary function was done using a spirometry test, in which each subject was asked to inhale and exhale in a particular method. Parameters assessed include vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow (FEF) and FEV1/FVC. Differences in lung function between athletes and non-athletes were analyzed using independent T-test. Results There were 60 athletes and 60 non-athletes included in this study. The mean age of athletes and non-athletes were 13.38 (SD 0.99) years old and 13.70 (SD 0.76) years old, respectively. The statistically significant differences in mean lung function parameters between athletes and non-athletes were as follows: VC: 85.03% vs. 79.41%, respectively (P=0.035); FVC: 95.66% vs. 88.43%, respectively (P=0.016); FEV1: 102.10% vs. 94.28%, respectively (P=0.016); and FEV1/FVC: 105.95% vs. 102.69%, respectively (P=0.011). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the means of FEF 25-75% between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Parameters of lung function in athletes are in general significantly higher than in non-athletes.

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Evaluating the influence of anxiety and depression on academic performance in high school students

10.31234/osf.io/un3b2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Waleed Ahmed Shahzad

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Academic Performance ◽

High School Students ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Small Scale ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Grade Point ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Mean

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether anxiety and depression have a negative effect on academic performance. This small-scale study assessed the relationship between these factors. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out. A randomized sample of 52 high school students based in various schools across Lahore participated in the survey. Of the participants, 32 were males and 20 were females. As a measure of anxiety and depression 14 questions from the DASS-21 were utilized (The 7 questions pertaining to the measure of stress were not included in this study). Based on the DASS-21 score obtained by the respondents they were classified under categories of normal, mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe levels of anxiety and depression. As a measure of academic performance, the Grade Point Average (GPA) of the students was obtained via the survey. The mean average GPA was calculated for all the students falling under the aforementioned categories pertaining to anxiety and depression separately and these averages were compared. It was found that the mean average GPA was highest in students falling under the categories of normal and mild levels of anxiety and depression. Whereas, mean average GPA was lower in students suffering from severe levels of anxiety and depression. These findings suggest the need to come up with methods to combat anxiety and depression in high school students as these factors impede academic performance.

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Impact of chronic khat (Catha edulis Forsk) chewing on pulmonary function test and oxygen saturation in humans: A comparative study

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312118824616 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 205031211882461 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel ◽

Teshome Gensa Geta

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Mean Values ◽

Khat Chewing ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Background: Chronic consumption of khat affects many organ systems and leads to various health disturbances in the chewers. Few studies examined the acute effects of khat ingestion on lung function parameters. However, studies which assessed the long-term effects of khat chewing on pulmonary function parameters and oxygen saturation are lacking. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of chronic Khat chewing on pulmonary function parameters and oxygen saturation among chronic Khat chewers in Wolkite, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Wolkite, Ethiopia from 1 June 2018 to 15 August 2018. A total of 324 participants, 162 khat chewers and 162 non-chewers were included in the study. The data were collected through face-to-face interview by trained data collectors. British Medical Research Council respiratory questionnaire was used to assess respiratory symptoms. A spirometer was used to assess various lung function parameters. Moreover, oxygen saturation of hemoglobin was measured using pulse oximeter. Data were entered into CSPro version 6.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: This study showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the mean values of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in first second and maximum ventilation volume among khat chewers as compared to non-chewers. There was no significant difference in the mean values of other lung function parameters between the two groups. Similarly, there was no significant difference (p = 0.642) in mean oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SaO2) across the two groups. Conclusion: It is evident from this study that long-term khat consumption is associated with decreased mean forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in first second and maximum ventilation volume. Hence, there is a need for further study to strengthen the current findings and to explore the mechanisms of khat chewing effect on lung function parameters.

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Factors affecting substance use and self-efficacy status of students in eastern Turkey

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/1413-81232018244.30252017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 1317-1326 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gulnaz Karatay ◽

Nazan Gürarslan Baş

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

High School Students ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

School Students ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Eastern Turkey ◽

Friendship Relations ◽

The Mean

Abstract This descriptive cross-sectional research sample was consisted of 613 high school students in Eastern Turkey. Data were collected by using the Questionnaire on Substance Use and its Causes and Self-Efficacy in the Prevention of Substance Abuse Scale (SEAPSAS). Data were analyzed with percentiles, Chi-Square, ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, correlation and regression. Almost 40% of the students had tried smoking and 21.7% of them smoked sometimes or regularly. The mean age of students’ first cigarette use was 13.5. More than 60% of the students had tried alcohol and almost 50% of them drink alcohol sometimes or regularly. The mean score of SEAPSAS was 93.61 ± 18.99. Lower self-efficacy scores were found in males, in students who perceived themselves as unsuccessful at school, in those with negative family and friendship relations, in students who smoked, drank alcohol, who had a drug user in the family and who experienced traumatic events in a lifetime.

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HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI SUSU DAN KALSIUM DENGAN DENSITAS TULANG DAN TINGGI BADAN REMAJA

Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan ◽

10.25182/jgp.2008.3.1.43-48 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hardinsyah Hardinsyah ◽

Evy Damayanthi ◽

Wirna Zulianti

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Bone Density ◽

Calcium Intake ◽

Body Height ◽

Milk Intake ◽

Stiffness Index ◽

Font Size ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between milk and calcium intake with body height and bone density of adolescent. The study applied a cross sectional design to 246 senior high school students in Bogor. The subject aged 16-17 years old were selected purposively. Milk and calsium intake was derived from the food intake data collected by applying a semi-FFQ method for a week. Bone density (stiffness index) was measured by densitometer of achilles insight. The results of the study showed that the mean intake of milk was 170.7±136.3 ml/day with average frequency 6 times/week, and mean intake of calcium was 250.0±212.6 mg/day with contribution of milk was 44.0%. The mean stiffness index of subjects was 97.5±18.3; and the mean stiffness index of boys (104.4±18.9) was significantly higher than girls (92.9±16.3). The calcium intake of milk and calcium intake of calsium-rich foods of non milk was not correlated with the bone density and body height; but milk intake, frequency and length of milk intake were correlated with body height and bone density. This implies the important of milk intake in bone density and linear growth of adolescent.

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A Study of Fast Foods Consumption Attitude among Secondary High School Students, Ardakan, Yazd, Iran

Journal of Community Health Research ◽

10.18502/jchr.v8i1.557 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shokooh Fazelpour ◽

Narjes Hoseini ◽

Zahra Farzaneh ◽

Farimah Shamsi ◽

Farzaneh Sardari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Social Media ◽

High School Students ◽

Fast Food ◽

Attitude Score ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fast Foods ◽

Nutritional Habits ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Healthy and nutritional habits are formed and consolidated during adolescence. So this research has been done in Ardakan-Yazd province on high school students' attitude to fast food use. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 200 students have been chosen by stratified sampling method and the data was collected by a questionnaire which approved its reliability and validity. All the descriptive data has been analyzed by SPSS 16 software through Chi-square experiment and ANOVA tests. Results: The results of the experiment determined that 55% of the students were female, and 93% were single. The students' BMI was as follow: 22% thin (BMI< 18.5) 56% normal (18.5≤ BMI< 25) 14.5% overweight (25≤ BMI< 30) 6.5% fat (obese) (BMI ≥30).The female has a positive attitude to fast foods (P= 0.03). The mean attitude score for eating fast food in 17-18 years old group was more than 15-16 years old students (P= 0.001). The mean attitude score also showed that the single students were more eager to eat fast foods than the married students (P= 0.001) Conclusion: Most of the people who use fast foods are low educated, teenagers, youth and singles. On the other hand, social media like TV and radio and family has a significant effect on correct nutritional habits. So improving family's attitudes and educating students and teachers by social media can help in transferring data to the students and their teachers.

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Evaluating the influence of anxiety and depression on academic performance in high school students

10.31219/osf.io/w7ns4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Waleed Ahmed Shahzad

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Academic Performance ◽

High School Students ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Small Scale ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Grade Point ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Mean

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Evaluation of Nomophobia and Loneliness in High School Students in Turkey

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.057 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

A Kılınç ◽

C Çam ◽

A Ünsal ◽

D Arslantaş

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Real Life ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Study Group ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Loneliness Scale ◽

Advanced Analysis ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background Nomophobia, short for “no mobile phone phobia”, is defined as having an involuntary and unreasonable fear when the mobile device is unreachable or uncommunicable. Students who are going through the puberty are vulnerable to nomophobia. In the study we aimed to evaluate nomophobia and loneliness levels of high school students. Methods This cross - sectional study was conducted in the first academic semester of 2018 and 850 high school students in Eskisehir constituted the study group. To evaluate the nomophobia levels of the students, Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) and to evaluate the loneliness levels, UCLA Loneliness Scale was used. The questionnaire prepared in accordance with the literature was filled out by the students under the observation of the researchers. Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, Spearman Correlation analyses and Multiple Linear Regression was used. P values less than 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results In the study group, 429 (50.5%) were female and 421 (49.5%) were male and their ages ranged from 13 to 19, the mean age (SD) was 15.66 (1.18) years. The mean score (SD) obtained from NMP-Q was 54.92 (14.87) while the mean score (SD) obtained from UCLA loneliness scale was 13.95 (4.60). Advanced analysis showed that; in females, in those who first used smartphone before the age of 13 and in those who have more friends on social medias than in real life nomophobia levels were higher. It was also found that the students' nomophobia levels increase with the the number of times they check their phones and the amount of time they spent on their smart phones (F = 28.424, P < 0.001, R²=0.213). There was a positive weak correlation between nomophobia and loneliness levels (r = 0.353, p = 0.001). Conclusions It was concluded that nomophobia is an important public health issue among adolescents. Factors that can be changed, such as phone use habits and loneliness was important determinants for nomophobia. Key messages Nomophobia may affect the adolescents’ daily but most importantly school life negatively. It might be helpful to plan education programs to raise awareness among the students, parents and teachers for reducing the nomophobia.

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Is age of menarche among school girls related to academic performance?

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2016-0164 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Radhia Al-Mathkoori ◽

Ula Nur ◽

Abdullah Al-Taiar

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Academic Performance ◽

High School Students ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Menarcheal Age ◽

School Girls ◽

The Mean ◽

Age Of Menarche

Abstract Background There is strong evidence that the mean age of menarche has declined over the last few decades in developed and developing countries. This is of a major concern because of its enormous public health implications. This study aimed to estimate the age of menarche in Kuwait and investigate the association between menarcheal age and academic performance among high school girls in Kuwait. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected female high school students from private and public high schools in all governorates in Kuwait. Data on the age of menarche were collected by self-administered questionnaire from the students, while data on academic performance were extracted from the students’ academic records. Results Of the 907 students we selected, 800 (88.2%) responded. The mean age of menarche was 12.33 [95% confidence interval (CI) 12.18–12.49] years. There was no evidence for significant association between age of menarche and students’ academic performance before or after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusion The calculated age of menarche among contemporary girls in Kuwait is similar to that of the girls in industrialized countries. Early menarcheal age is unlikely to lead to adverse behavior that may affect academic performance in our setting.

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The effect of occupational exposure to petrol on pulmonary function parameters: a review and meta-analysis

Reviews on Environmental Health ◽

10.1515/reveh-2019-0048 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 377-390

Author(s):

Somayeh Rahimi Moghadam ◽

Mahdi Afshari ◽

Mahmood Moosazadeh ◽

Narges Khanjani ◽

Ali Ganjali

Keyword(s):

Occupational Exposure ◽

Lung Function ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Petrol Station ◽

Standard Mean Difference ◽

Forced Expiratory Flow ◽

Expiratory Flow

Abstract Introduction Exposure to petrol and gasoline can have harmful effects on the lungs. This review aimed to summarize the reported effects of this exposure on pulmonary function parameters. Methods Relevant studies were identified by a comprehensive search in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases. Irrelevant studies were excluded. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa score (NOS). The standard mean difference of pulmonary parameters between exposed and unexposed petrol station attendants was pooled using random effects. Meta-regression was used to investigate factors probably related to heterogeneity. Studies affecting the total estimates were assessed during sensitivity analysis. The Egger test was performed to investigate any evidence of publication bias. Results Eventually, 26 studies entered the meta-analysis, and the pooled standard difference [95% confidence interval (CI)] of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, vital capacity (VC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) in the exposed minus unexposed groups was −1.08 L (95% CI: −1.38, −0.78), −0.92 L (−1.15, −0.69), −0.65 (−1.01, −0.30), −0.51 L (−0.96, −0.06), −0.96 L/s (−1.21, −0.69), −0.78 L/s (1.14, −0.42) and −0.58 L/min (−0.90, −0.27), respectively, and showed a decrease in all pulmonary parameters in the exposed group. Conclusion Occupational exposure to petrol fumes is a risk factor for lung function and there is a reverse relation between lung function and the duration of exposure.

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Evaluation of Salivary and Serum Alpha Amylase Level in Dental Caries of Adolescence

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2016.v19i2.1227 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 40 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fatemeh Ahmadi- Motamayel ◽

Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi ◽

Zohreh Jamshidi ◽

Ali Mahdavinezhad ◽

Nasrin Rafieian

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Alpha Amylase ◽

Amylase Level ◽

School Students ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Whole Saliva ◽

The Mean ◽

Student’S T

Objective: Some previous studies suggested a significant relationship between alpha- amylase, and caries formation. This study was implemented in order to investigate the interrelation between level of salivary and serum alpha- amylase and dental caries. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional investigation, un-stimulated whole saliva and serum sample was collected from 118 high school students who were divided to four groups: Caries free female (N= 28), caries active females (N=35), caries free males(N= 28) and caries active males(N= 27). Mean levels of salivary and serum alpha-amylase was assayed by spectrophotometric method to assay enzyme kinetics. Data were analyzed using student’s t-test and chi-square test. Results: The results of this study demonstrated that salivary and Serum alpha- amylase were significantly higher in caries active group as compared to carries free group(P = 0.002, P= 0.001 respectively). In addition in male groups the mean salivary and serum alpha -amylase was significantly higher in caries active as compared to caries free (P = 0.002, P = 0.02 respectively) and in female Groups the mean serum alpha- amylase was statistically significant higher in caries active as compared to caries free (P = 0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated significant association between salivary and serum alpha- amylase in adolescence with dental caries. More research should be done to demonstrate real relation between alpha amylase and dental caries.KeywordsAlpha–amylase; Dental caries; Saliva; Serum.

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