EVALUATION OF ABSORPTION CAPACITY AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SUPERABSORBENT POLYMER IN CEMENT PASTE

The application of self-healing concrete for durability enhancement has become a widely studied topic in recent decades. This paper focuses on addition of a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) to bio-based self-healing concrete – a material in which cracks are autonomously sealed by incorporated microorganisms. As previously proposed, the SAP could serve as protection of the microorganisms against the harsh concrete environment and possibly to further enhance the materials autogenous sealing capacity. However, determining the applicable bio-based concrete mix design is not without obstacles as the immense absorption capacity of the SAP is, inter alia, closely related to ions present in the solution. This current study compares different mix designs of cement paste with the nutrients applied in the bio-based concrete and the addition of the SAP in dry and partially saturated states. The paste consistencies are determined, and a number of cement paste specimens is prepared to measure flexural and compressive strengths at 7 and 28 days from casting. The flowability results indicate that the SAP in a dry state absorbs slightly less than 25 g/g SAP of extra mixing water as the final consistency was similar to the reference paste. Further, the results showed that the partially saturated SAP is able to retain a great amount of the liquid throughout the mixing process. In this study, the strengths generally drop by still admissible 20% in the case of the dry SAP and extra water addition, whereas the replacement of mixing water by the partially saturated SAP results in a significant strength increase. These findings indicate that the dosage 0.5% SAP by cement weight in both of the states, dry and saturated, is applicable in the nutrient enriched cement paste from the mechanical perspective, although further work which would describe the absorption and retention mechanisms in depth is needed.

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Effective Enhancement of Water Absorbency of Itaconic Acid Based-Superabsorbent Polymer via Tunable Surface—Crosslinking

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13162782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 2782

Author(s):

Yong-Rok Kwon ◽

Jung-Soo Kim ◽

Dong-Hyun Kim

Keyword(s):

Itaconic Acid ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Crosslinking Agent ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

Gel Strength ◽

Superabsorbent Polymer ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

X Ray ◽

Crosslinking Reactions

A superabsorbent polymer (SAP) was synthesized by copolymerizing itaconic acid and vinyl sulfonic acid. The typically low absorbency of itaconic acid-based SAPs under mechanical loads was improved by introducing surface crosslinking. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the synthesis and surface-crosslinking reactions in the SAP. Various conditions for surface-crosslinking reactions, such as the surface-crosslinking solution, content of surface-crosslinking agent, and reaction temperature, were explored and correlated with the gel strength and absorption characteristics of the resulting SAP particles. The distilled water content in the surface-crosslinking solution strongly influenced the absorption capacity of the SAP, but this sensitivity decreased when acetone was used as a co-solvent. Itaconic acid-based SAP that was crosslinked under optimal conditions exhibited centrifuge retention capacity and absorbency under a load of 31.1 and 20.2, respectively.

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Mathematical modeling of cement paste microstructure by mosaic pattern. Part II. Application

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.1997.0240 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1741-1746 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paul D. Tennis ◽

Yunping Xi ◽

Hamlin M. Jennings

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modeling ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Cement Paste ◽

Pattern Analysis ◽

Mosaic Pattern ◽

Cement Pastes ◽

Multiphase Materials ◽

Spatial Features ◽

Complex Shapes

A model based on mosaic pattern analysis is shown to have the potential to describe the complex shapes and spatial distribution of phases in the microstructures of multiphase materials. Several characteristics of both micrographs of portland cement pastes and images generated using the few parameters of the model are determined and, for the most part, agreement is good. The advantage is that spatial features of the microstructures can be captured by a few parameters.

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Quantitative characterisation of absorption capacity and dosage of SAP in cement paste

Advances in Cement Research ◽

10.1680/jadcr.16.00014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (8) ◽

pp. 518-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ming Li ◽

Yu-jiang Wang ◽

Wen-bin Wang ◽

Qian Tian ◽

Jia-ping Liu

Keyword(s):

Cement Paste ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

Quantitative Characterisation

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Sintesis dan karakterisasi polimer superabsorban dari akrilamida

Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia ◽

10.5614/jtki.2012.11.2.5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 84

Author(s):

A. Zainal Abidin ◽

G Susanto ◽

N.M.T. Sastra ◽

T Puspasari

Keyword(s):

Absorption Capacity ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

Superabsorbent Polymer ◽

Ammonium Persulphate ◽

Surface Contact Area ◽

Acrylamide Monomer ◽

Cross Linker ◽

Short Time ◽

High Absorption

Synthesis and Characterization of Superabsorbent from Acrylamide Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) is a material that can absorb water in a large amount in a short time. In this research, the polymer has been synthesized from acrylamide monomer (Am) using N,N methylene bisacrylamide (MBA)as a cross-linker and ammonium persulphate (APS) as an initiator. Effects of MBA and APS on the SAP characteristic were studied by varying composition of MBA and APS each of 0.1%-wt, 0.2 %-wt, 0.6 %-wt and 1.0 %-wt. SAP was characterized by measuring its absorption capacity to distilled water. Based on the experiment, the highest absorption capacity for 1 gram SAP is 14.5 gram water. The highest absorption is produced by SAP with APS 0.2 %-wt and MBA 0.6 %-wt. Further studies by using SEM showed that SAP which had high absorption capacity contained a lot of pores with the waving surface. Therefore, the surface contact area between SAP and water is high. Keywords: acrylamide, absorption capacity, superabsorbent polymerAbstrakSuperabsorbent Polymer (SAP) merupakan polimer yang dapat menyerap air dalam jumlah yang sangat banyak. Dalam penelitian ini, polimer tersebut disintesis dari monomer akrilamida menggunakan crosslinker N,N-metilene bisakrilamide (MBA) dan inisiator amonium persulfat (APS). Pengaruh crosslinker dan inisiator terhadap karakteristik SAP dipelajari dengan melakukan variasi komposisi APS dan (MBA) masing-masing sebesar 0,1 %-b, 0,2 %-b, 0,6 %-b, dan 1 %-b. Karakteristik produk SAP dipelajari dengan FTIR untuk menganalisis gugus fungsi yang terbentuk untuk menunjukkan bahwa polimerisasi betul terjadi dan produknya berupa SAP. Pengukuran kemampuan absorpsi SAP terhadap air destilasi menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas absorpsi terbesar yang dihasilkan oleh superabsorbent polymer dari penelitian ini sebesar 14,5 gram air dalam 1 gram produk SAP yang dibuat. Kapasitas terbesar ini dimiliki oleh SAP dengan 0,2 %-b APS dan 0,6 %-b MBA. Studi lebih lanjut dengan SEM menunjukkan bahwa SAP yang memiliki kapasitas absorpsi tertinggi itu mempunyai morfologi permukaan yang berombak dan jumlah pori yang tertinggi sehingga luas permukaan kontak antara SAP dan air juga tertinggi. Kata kunci: akrilamida, kapasitas absorpsi, superabsorbent polymer

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Absorption capacity of superabsorbent polymer in cement pastes: a robustness test

Materials and Structures ◽

10.1617/s11527-021-01636-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shengying Zhao ◽

Ole Mejlhede Jensen ◽

Marianne Tange Hasholt ◽

Xinchun Guan

Keyword(s):

Absorption Capacity ◽

Superabsorbent Polymer ◽

Cement Pastes

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Effects of Nano-SiO2 and SAP on Hydration Process of Early-Age Cement Paste Using LF-NMR

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/6089482 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Haitao Zhao ◽

Yi Wan ◽

Jun Xie ◽

Kaidi Jiang ◽

Donghui Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cement Paste ◽

Bound Water ◽

Hydration Process ◽

Early Age ◽

Superabsorbent Polymer ◽

Test Results ◽

Low Field ◽

Water To Cement Ratio ◽

Hydration Model ◽

Zero Points

The effects of nano-SiO2 and superabsorbent polymer on the hydration process of early-age cement paste are investigated through the physically bound water evolution test by means of the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance technology. The test results show that the hydration process can be characterized by four-stage patterns based on the zero points of the second-order differential hydration curve, i.e., the initial, accelerated, decelerated, and steady periods. The beginning time of each stage is postponed and the hydration duration is prolonged with an increasing water to cement ratio. The beginning time of each stage and the hydration duration are shortened with an increasing content of nano-SiO2. And the beginning time of each stage and the hydration duration are prolonged with an increasing content of superabsorbent polymer. Based on the test data and the Avrami–Erofeev model, a modified hydration model taking the influence of nano-SiO2 and SAP into account is proposed, and the predicted results are consistent with the test results.

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Properties of the Superabsorbent Polymer in Cement Paste

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.714.40 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 714 ◽

pp. 40-43

Author(s):

Tereza Otcovská ◽

Petr Bittnar ◽

Pavel Padevět

Keyword(s):

Cement Paste ◽

Concrete Structures ◽

Superabsorbent Polymer ◽

Cement Mixture ◽

Treatment Water

The article is devoted to compare the properties of super absorbent polymers useful in concrete. The idea of using super absorbent polymers (SAP) is the replacement of the treatment water in concrete structures. The properties are compared in terms of change of the volume and the ability of spilling of cement mixture which contains SAP.

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Superabsorbent Polymer Network Degradable by a Human Urinary Enzyme

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13060929 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 929

Author(s):

Minji Whang ◽

Hyeonji Yu ◽

Jungwook Kim

Keyword(s):

Wound Dressing ◽

Polymer Network ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

Superabsorbent Polymer ◽

Water Absorption Capacity ◽

Enzymatic Cleavage ◽

Physiological Concentration ◽

Urinary Enzyme ◽

Type Plasminogen Activator ◽

Urokinase Type Plasminogen Activator

Owing to its superior water absorption capacity, superabsorbent polymer (SAP) based on a poly (acrylic acid) network is extensively used in industrial products such as diapers, wound dressing, or surgical pads. However, because SAP does not degrade naturally, a massive amount of non-degradable waste is discarded daily, posing serious environmental problems. Considering that diapers are the most widely used end-product of SAP, we created one that is degradable by a human urinary enzyme. We chose three enzyme candidates, all of which have substrates that were modified with polymerizable groups to be examined for cleavable crosslinkers of SAP. We found that the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) substrate, end-modified with acrylamide groups at sufficient distances from the enzymatic cleavage site, can be successfully used as a cleavable crosslinker of SAP. The resulting SAP slowly degraded over several days in the aqueous solution containing uPA at a physiological concentration found in human urine and became shapeless in ~30 days.

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