Internal funding determinants of R&D expenditures for U.S. mature firms

AbstractInterdisciplinarity is widely considered necessary to solving many contemporary problems, and new funding structures and instruments have been created to encourage interdisciplinary research at universities. In this article, we study a small technical university specializing in green technology which implemented a strategy aimed at promoting and developing interdisciplinary collaboration. It did so by reallocating its internal research funds for at least five years to “research platforms” that required researchers from at least two of the three schools within the university to participate. Using data from semi-structured interviews from researchers in three of these platforms, we identify specific tensions that the strategy has generated in this case: (1) in the allocation of platform resources, (2) in the division of labor and disciplinary relations, (3) in choices over scientific output and academic careers. We further show how the particular platform format exacerbates the identified tensions in our case. We suggest that certain features of the current platform policy incentivize shallow interdisciplinary interactions, highlighting potential limits on the value of attempting to push for interdisciplinarity through internal funding.

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Accelerating Clinical Innovation in Biomedical Engineering Education by Using a Digital Portal for Collaboration

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4045089 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 141 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Joel L. Berry ◽

Kristen Noles ◽

Alan Eberhardt ◽

Nancy Wingo

Keyword(s):

Open Access ◽

Biomedical Engineering ◽

Improve Patient Care ◽

Digital Tool ◽

Fluid Exchange ◽

Continuous Innovation ◽

Clinical Innovation ◽

Stem Students ◽

Improve Patient ◽

Internal Funding

Abstract The rapidly changing healthcare landscape requires continuous innovation by clinicians, yet generating ideas to improve patient care is often problematic. This paper describes the development of a digital tool used in an interprofessional program designed to enhance collaborations between clinicians, undergraduate, and graduate STEM students, particularly biomedical engineering (BME). The program founders began by connecting clinicians and students through a course portal in a learning management system (LMS). They eventually secured internal funding to create an open access tool for posting and viewing problems, allowing interprofessional teams to rally around healthcare challenges and create prototypes for solving them. Results after three years of the program's inception have been encouraging, as teams have created devices and processes that have led to intellectual property disclosures, provisional patents, grant funding, and other productive interprofessional relationships. The open access tool has given clinicians and STEM students an outlet for convenient team formation around unsolved clinical problems and allowed a fluid exchange of ideas between participants across a variety of clinical disciplines.

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Publication rates of research projects of an internal funding program of a university medical center in Germany: A retrospective study (2004–2013)

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0243092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0243092

Author(s):

Susanne Deutsch ◽

Silke Reuter ◽

Astrid Rose ◽

René Tolba

Keyword(s):

Research Funding ◽

Medical Center ◽

Early Career ◽

Research Projects ◽

Project Duration ◽

Research Results ◽

Publication Rates ◽

Funding Program ◽

Funding Programs ◽

Internal Funding

Objectives Non-publication and publication bias are topics of considerable importance to the scientific community. These issues may limit progress toward the 3R principle for animal research, promote waste of public resources, and generate biased interpretations of clinical outcomes. To investigate current publishing practices and to gain some understanding of the extent to which research results are reported, we examined publication rates of research projects that were approved within an internal funding program of the Faculty of Medicine at a university medical center in Germany, which is exemplary for comparable research funding programs for the promotion of young researchers in Germany and Europe. Methods We analyzed the complete set (n = 363) of research projects that were supported by an internal funding program between 2004 and 2013. We divided the projects into four different proposal types that included those that required an ethics vote, those that included an animal proposal, those that included both requirements, and those that included neither requirement. Results We found that 65% of the internally funded research projects resulted in at least one peer-reviewed publication; this increased to 73% if other research contributions were considered, including abstracts, book and congress contributions, scientific posters, and presentations. There were no significant differences with respect to publication rates based on (a) the clinic/institute of the applicant, (b) project duration, (c) scope of funding or (d) proposal type. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore publication rates associated with early-career medical research funding. As >70% of the projects ultimately generated some form of publication, the program was overall effective toward this goal; however, non-publication of research results is still prevalent. Further research will explore the reasons underlying non-publication. We hope to use these findings to develop strategies that encourage publication of research results.

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Education Research: Multiple sclerosis and neuroimmunology fellowship training status in the United States

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000009096 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 94 (11) ◽

pp. 495-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmed Z. Obeidat ◽

Yasir N. Jassam ◽

Le H. Hua ◽

Gary Cutter ◽

Corey C. Ford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Program Directors ◽

The United States ◽

Fellowship Training ◽

Current Status ◽

Application Process ◽

Shared Resources ◽

Fellowship Programs ◽

Internal Funding

ObjectiveTo investigate the current status of postgraduate training in neuroimmunology and multiple sclerosis (NI/MS) in the United States.MethodsWe developed a questionnaire to collect information on fellowship training focus, duration of training, number of fellows, funding application process, rotations, visa sponsorship, and an open-ended question about challenges facing training in NI/MS. We identified target programs and sent the questionnaires electronically to fellowship program directors.ResultsWe identified and sent the questionnaire to 69 NI/MS fellowship programs. We successfully obtained data from 64 programs. Most programs were small, matriculating 1–2 fellows per year, and incorporated both NI and MS training into the curriculum. Most programs were flexible in their duration, typically lasting 1–2 years, and offered opportunities for research during training. Only 56% reported the ability to sponsor nonimmigrant visas. Most institutions reported having some internal funding, although the availability of these funds varied from year to year. Several program directors identified funding availability and the current absence of national subspecialty certification as major challenges facing NI/MS training.ConclusionOur study is the first to describe the current status of NI/MS training in the United States. We found many similarities across programs. We anticipate that these data will serve as a first step towards developing a standard NI/MS curriculum and help identify areas where shared resources could enhance trainee education despite differences in training environments. We identified funding availability, certification status, and nonimmigrant visa sponsorship as potential barriers to future growth in the field.

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Mechanical Cooling Systems for use in Space

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part G Journal of Aerospace Engineering ◽

10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_242_02 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 207 (1) ◽

pp. 21-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T W Bradshaw ◽

A H Orlowska

Keyword(s):

European Space Agency ◽

The United States ◽

Upper Atmosphere ◽

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ◽

Cooling Systems ◽

Oxford University ◽

Space Agency ◽

Long Life ◽

Technology Group ◽

Internal Funding

This paper describes the development of long-life cooling systems for use in spacecraft. The original single-stage coolers were developed by the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) and Oxford University for the Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (ISAMS), an Oxford University instrument that will be part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (US) (NASA's) Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. Since then RAL has continued development of these coolers to produce lower temperatures and the technology has been transferred to industry via the British Technology Group (BTG). This has been possible by the award of contracts from the European Space Agency (ESA) and internal funding. The coolers are now available from industry and have been baselined for a variety of future instruments both in Europe and the United States.

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Do South African state-owned entities follow the pecking order theory of capital structure?

Public and Municipal Finance ◽

10.21511/pmf.10(1).2021.03 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 25-33

Author(s):

Ferina Marimuthu ◽

Stephanie Caroline Singh

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

African State ◽

Order Theory ◽

Debt Financing ◽

Pecking Order ◽

Pecking Order Theory ◽

Investment Projects ◽

Financing Decisions ◽

Internal Funding ◽

Section Sample

In corporate finance, the pecking-order theory suggests that companies adhere to a particular financing hierarchy, with internal funding taking preference over external funding, and debt financing taking preference over equity. This paper examines whether South African state-owned entities prioritize their financing sources as predicted by the pecking-order theory. A financing deficit variable comprising various cash flow-based components was used to test the theory. A panel regression model was employed using panel data estimators. Using a cross-section sample of 33 state-owned entities from 1995 to 2018, the study finds no evidence that South African state-owned entities follow a pecking order to finance investment projects. The pecking order theory proposition that costs of adverse selection are dominant for lower levels of leverage provides a reason for the financing deficit coefficient not being close to unity and hence an indication that the SOEs in South Africa do not follow the pecking order behavior in their financing decisions, an indication that South African capital market is still developing.

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Efektivitas Investasi dan Pembiayaan Internal: Fenomena Manajer Terlalu Percaya Diri di Pasar Modal Indonesia

AFRE (Accounting and Financial Review) ◽

10.26905/afr.v3i2.3834 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 115-125

Author(s):

Deni Ramdani

Keyword(s):

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Dual Role ◽

The Other ◽

Investment Efficiency ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Other Hand ◽

Internal Financing ◽

Internal Funding

Overconfident managers create biases that make them overvalue their company and its investments. This study takes a sample of companies that are listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange, for the years 2013-2017. Companies that are listed on the LQ 45 index have high liquidity so that the stock is active so it doesn't interfere with the accuracy of the research being carried out. The results showed that internal funding has a significant posi-tive relationship with company investment. This shows that the more internal financing, the greater the scale of the investment the company will make. Internal financing and overinvestment have a significant positive correlation. So that companies tend to over-invest. Internal finance has a dual role to play in investment. One side of the bias to im-prove investment efficiency by increasing the scale of investment and reducing the scale of investment, on the other hand it can cause excessive investment.DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/afr.v3i2.3834

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Internal funding, debt and external equity: which of these effectively improve the growth of university spin-offs?

International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing ◽

10.1504/ijev.2018.095315 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 638 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christian Corsi ◽

Antonio Prencipe

Keyword(s):

External Equity ◽

Internal Funding

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2388 Utilizing a reviewer database to facilitate integration of an investigator-focused translational research and career development program across the state of Indiana

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science ◽

10.1017/cts.2018.233 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (S1) ◽

pp. 62-63

Author(s):

R. L. Coffee ◽

Julie Driscol ◽

Tammy J. Saydyk ◽

Anantha Shekhar ◽

Scott C. Denne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Writing Skills ◽

Development Program ◽

Junior Faculty ◽

Grant Writing ◽

New Faculty ◽

Promotion And Tenure ◽

Study Population ◽

Career Development Program ◽

Grant Review ◽

Internal Funding

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The Indiana CTSI is investigating innovative approaches to integrate resources that will enrich scientific investigators. Our goals are to enhance the availability and communication among CTSI resources, for example internal funding, and to expand existing mentorship. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Developed a reviewer database that serves to streamline reviewer identification, decrease reviewer fatigue, and promote collaboration among disciplines. We started with a pool of NIH-funded investigators from across the Indiana CTSI core institutions and merged this list with previous CTSI reviewers and internal funding awardees. To expand this list, names and expertise from new faculty hires were added. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Though this tool is relatively new, we have already observed an increase in junior faculty awareness and engagement with the CTSI. This database allows for increased opportunities of junior faculty to serve as reviewers and to refine grant writing skills and provides a platform for networking and collaborating across disciplines. It also allows for increased integration of programs with a shared reviewer database and promotes grant review standardization. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our database utilization seeks to decrease the time for junior faculty to obtain their first extramural grant, to enhance promotion and tenure packages, strengthen integration among CTSI programs, increase interactions between clinical and basic science investigators, and promote team science.

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A Quantitative Framework for Measuring Personalized Medicine Integration into US Healthcare Delivery Organizations

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11030196 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 196

Author(s):

Arushi Agarwal ◽

Daryl Pritchard ◽

Laura Gullett ◽

Kristen Garner Amanti ◽

Gary Gustavsen

Keyword(s):

Personalized Medicine ◽

Healthcare Delivery ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

High Performing ◽

Methodical Approach ◽

The Us ◽

Longitudinal Approach ◽

Multifactorial Approach ◽

Internal Funding

Personalized medicine (PM) approaches have revolutionized healthcare delivery by offering new insights that enable healthcare providers to select the optimal treatment approach for their patients. However, despite the consensus that these approaches have significant value, implementation across the US is highly variable. In order to address barriers to widespread PM adoption, a comprehensive and methodical approach to assessing the current level of PM integration within a given organization and the broader healthcare system is needed. A quantitative framework encompassing a multifactorial approach to assessing PM adoption has been developed and used to generate a rating of PM integration in 153 organizations across the US. The results suggest significant heterogeneity in adoption levels but also some consistent themes in what defines a high-performing organization, including the sophistication of data collected, data sharing practices, and the level of internal funding committed to supporting PM initiatives. A longitudinal approach to data collection will be valuable to track continued progress and adapt to new challenges and barriers to PM adoption as they arise.

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