Analysis of leaf flavonoid composition of some Iranian Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) species

The genus Cotoneaster consists of unarmed shrubs that naturally distributed in north parts of Iran. It is a problematic genus, and there are many discussions about its species number in Iran as well the World. Recently, M Khatamsaz has been listed 19 species of it in Iran. In the current research, we studied leaf flavonoid composition of seven Cotoneaster species from Iran. These species were harvested from the northern provinces of the country and their leaf ethanolic extracts were subjected to HPLC, for detection the types and amounts of their flavonoid compounds. We identified four flavonoid compounds: rutin, myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol. The concentration of these flavonoids differed between the species, moreover amount of each flavonoid also varied among the studied species. All of them were registered in the studied species, except for myricetin, which was not observed in C. nummularius. The highest amount of flavonoids were detected in C. nummularius, while C. discolor had the lowest one. The evaluated species divided into four distinct group in UPGMA tree. According to CA-Joined plot, each group was characterized by species amount of flavonoid(s). All of evaluated species belonged to the same section of the genus, therefore our findings revealed that the flavonoid data were useful at sectional level for identification of the species.

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Pollen characters as taxonomic evidence in some species of Dipsacaceae from Iran

Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy ◽

10.3329/bjpt.v24i2.35108 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 129-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ebadi-Nahari Mostafa ◽

Nikzat-Siahkolaee Sedigheh ◽

Eftekharian Rosa

Keyword(s):

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Pollen Grain ◽

Pollen Type ◽

Upgma Tree ◽

Pollen Characters ◽

Exine Ornamentation ◽

The Family ◽

The World ◽

Plant Taxon

Pollen morphology of nine species representing four genera: Cephalaria Schrad, Dipsacus L., Pterocephalus Vaill. and Scabiosa L. of the family Dipsacaceae in Iran has been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that pollen grains were triporate and tricolpate. The pollen type of Scabiosa rotata Bieb. (tri- and tetraporate) is the first report in the world. The sizes of pollen grains fall into the classification group magna (pollen grain diameter 50–100 μm). Pollen shapes vary from preoblate to prolate and their polar views were triangulate and lobate. The exine ornamentation varies from gemmate in S. rotata to spinulate in the rest studied species. Species of Scabiosa have been dispersed in UPGMA tree that this confirmed the previous studies about taxonomic problems and species complexity in this genus. These results show the transfer of the some Scabisoa species to Lomelosia Raf. based on palynological characters. Pollen morphology of the family is helpful at the generic and specific level.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24(2): 129–136, 2017 (December)

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Morphometric and Meristic traits of four flatheads (family: Platycephalidae) occurring along the East coast of India

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-3271 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

A. K. Jaiswar ◽

Vikas . ◽

Rajan Kumar ◽

Shashibhusan . ◽

W. S. Lakra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

East Coast ◽

Distinct Group ◽

Factor Loading ◽

Maximum Length ◽

Head Length ◽

Dorsal Spine ◽

Species Number ◽

Meristic Characters ◽

East Coast Of India ◽

Significant Difference

Study on a meristic traits of Kumococius rodericensis Sorsogona tuberculata Platycephalus indicus and Rogadius serratus (family Platycephalidae), occurring along the East coast of India, was conducted to find easily differentiating traits. The study was based on the samples collected from landing centers situated along the East coast of India, during February 2015 to March 2016. A total of thirty-one morphometric and meristic characters were measured, counted and subjected to statistical analysis using software Statistica. Among eighteen morphometric measurements, five measurement (distance between upper and lower jaw, length of upper preopercular spine, snout length, maximum length of first dorsal spine, maximum length of second dorsal spine) did not show difference when subjected to factor analysis. Varimax raw factor rotation on factor loading 0.7 were selected for scatterplot of canonical score among root 1 and root 2, which revealed existence of distinct group of species. Number of gillrakers, spot on caudal fin, number of pored scale on lateral line and preopercular spine revealed significant variations among the species. The proportional measurements with their head length (HL) viz. Preorbital length: head length (POL:HL), Inter orbital width: head length (IOW:HL), and maximum eye diameter: head length (MED:HL) also revealed significant difference among the species. The study revealed certain morphological characters those can easily identify the flathead species.

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Preliminary results of bowl trapping bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in a southern Brazil forest fragment

Journal of Insect Biodiversity ◽

10.12976/jib/2013.1.2 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Rodrigo B. Gonçalves ◽

Priscila S. Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Taxonomic Composition ◽

Statistical Analyses ◽

Species Number ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Forest Fragment ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

The Core ◽

The World ◽

Different Color

In recent years bowl traps have gained attention as a useful method for sampling bees and are now commonly used across the world for this purpose. However, specific questions about the method itself have not yet been tested on different regions of the globe. We present the preliminary results of bowl trapping in a Semidecidual Seasonal forest fragment in southern Brazil, including the test of two different color bowls, two different habitats, and the interaction of these variables in bee species number and composition. We used blue and yellow bowls in the border and in the core trails of the forest fragment. In five sampling days between October to December bowl traps captured 745 specimens of 37 morphospecies, with Halictinae bees being the richest and most abundant group. Non parametrical statistical analyses suggested that different colors of bowl traps influenced bee richness and composition and thus, they should be used together for a more complete sampling. Different trails influenced only the composition, while the interaction with different colors did not have a significant effect. These results, as well as the higher taxonomic composition of the inventoried bees, are similar to other studies reported in the literature.

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Crustacean zooplankton assemblages in Algerian saline lakes: a comparison with their Chilean Altiplano counterparts

Crustaceana ◽

10.1163/15685403-00003581 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 89 (13) ◽

pp. 1485-1500

Author(s):

Patricio De los Ríos-Escalante ◽

Mounia Amarouayache

Keyword(s):

Saline Lakes ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Calanoid Copepod ◽

Null Model ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Crustacean Zooplankton ◽

Species Number ◽

Significant Inverse Correlation ◽

The World ◽

Chilean Altiplano

Crustacean communities in saline lakes are regulated mainly by salinity, and a significant inverse correlation can be found between salinity and species richness. The aim of the present study is to compare the carcinological diversity of two distinct arid regions of the world: Algerian saline lakes, locally called “chotts” and “sebkhas”, and their Chilean Altiplano counterparts, and to determine if there are similar regulator patterns that influence the composition of those communities. The main halophilic taxon common to both regions was the anostracan Artemia at high salinities. However, many other halotolerant crustaceans may occur in Algerian chotts and sebkhas, such as Phallocryptus spinosa, Branchinectella media, Moina salina, Cletocamptus retrogressus, Arctodiaptomus salinus and Heterocypris sp. In Chilean saline lakes the calanoid copepod Boeckella poopoensis was an important component of zooplankton at high salinities, while ostracods were totally absent. The results of correlation analysis revealed a significant inverse correlation between salinity and species number (Algeria, , , p-value = 0.0032; Chile, , ; p-value < 0.0165). The results of null model analysis describing species co-occurrence showed that the species communities are random for Algerian saline lakes due to the presence of many halotolerant species. For Chilean saline lakes, the species communities are structured.

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The taxonomy of Bay of Quinte phytoplankton and the relative importance of common and rare taxa

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b79-198 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 57 (15) ◽

pp. 1591-1608 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

K. H. Nicholls ◽

E. C. Carney

Keyword(s):

Relative Abundance ◽

Trophic State ◽

Species Number ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Rare Taxa ◽

Sampling Locations ◽

The World

A listing of some 330 algal taxa found in the plankton of the Bay of Quinte during 1975 has been compiled and an indication given of the relative abundance at each of the eight sampling locations. Some difficulties related to interpretation of data on species number or 'richness' are discussed. It is suggested that particular attention in future years be given to several little-known taxa whose distribution and abundance will likely change should the trophic state of the Bay of Quinte be altered. Several species found in the Quinte collections have been only rarely reported from other parts of the world. Taxonomic notes on some problematical or otherwise interesting forms are included.

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De Mensium Nominibus

The Journal of Hellenic Studies ◽

10.2307/625799 ◽

1923 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 102-116

Author(s):

J. F. Mountford

Keyword(s):

Distinct Group ◽

Eighth Century ◽

Ancient World ◽

De Re ◽

The World ◽

De Natura Rerum ◽

Different Parts

In the huge mediaeval storehouse of miscellaneous fragments, compiled not later than the eighth century and now known by the title Liber Glossarum, there are not a few items dealing with the names of the months in various parts of the ancient world. Some of them (such as Helul in Macchabaeorum libro Augustus, qui apud nos mensis sextus, vocatur) come from the second book of the Instructiones of Eucherius (p. 153, ed. Wotke); some (such as Februarius nuncupatur a Februo, id est Plutone, cui eo mense sacrificabatur) are excerpts from Isidore's Etymologiae (v. 33); while a few (such as Aprilem vero, nullo deorum suorum nomine, sed de re propria, quasi Aperilem nominaverunt eo quod tunc plurimum germinis aperiatur in florem) can be traced to Isidore's De Natura Rerum (cap. 4). Among the remainder, however, which cannot be found in any of the definitely recognisable sources of the Liber Glossarum, there are 116 forming by themselves a distinct group. In these items a curt formula gives us the names by which the months were known in eleven different parts of the world, e. g.:—

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THE ENTOMOPHYLIC FUNGI STUDY IN THE PRYMORYE (RUSSIAN FAR EAST)

V L Komarov Memorial Lectures ◽

10.25221/kl.69.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 69 ◽

Author(s):

A.V. Bogacheva ◽

◽

Yu.V. Bochkareva ◽

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Russian Far East ◽

Far East ◽

Species Number ◽

The World ◽

Region Data ◽

Insect Populations ◽

Far Eastern ◽

Total Species ◽

Eastern Regional

After a long break, research on entomophylic fungi has been restarted in the Prymorye. Earlier surveys showed an exceptional species diversity of the territory - about 70 species. This is 20-25% of the total species number known in the world. This group of fungi is given unjustifiably little attention in our region. They significantly affect the dynamics of insect populations in the ecosystem. In addition, the use of compounds produced by entomophylic fungi in medicine is gaining increasing popularity. We studied 31 samples from the collection of entomophilic fungi of the Far Eastern Regional Herbarium (VLA). The analysis of the obtained data allowed us to clarify the distribution and diversity of entomophilic species in the Region. Data on the distribution of Cordyceps deflectens, C. militaris, C. takaomontana, Ophiocordyceps crinalis, O. nutans, O. sphecocephala, O. tricentri and O. variabilis have been clarified and supplemented. For O. tricentri data on the spectrum of host insects are expanded.

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Weed Flora of Fayoum (Egypt), One of the Oldest Agricultural Regions in the World

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582018360100034 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E.A. AL-SHERIF ◽

M.A. ISMAEL ◽

M.A. KARAM ◽

H.H. ELFAYOUMI

Keyword(s):

Life Form ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Present Species ◽

Species Number ◽

The World ◽

Weed Flora ◽

Agricultural Regions ◽

Alhagi Graecorum

ABSTRACT: Fayoum region is the most fertile agricultural land in Egypt and one of the oldest agricultural city in the world. The present study aimed to determine its weed flora composition and its distribution through different habitats. Results recorded 175 species of vascular plants belonging to 124 genera and 35 families distributed in eight habitats. The richest families were Poaceae, Asteraceae (Compositae) and Fabaceae (Leguminoseae), while genera with the highest number of species were Euphorbia, Amaranthus and Cyperus. Cynodon dactylon and Alhagi graecorum were the present species, recorded at all habitats. Old cultivated lands recorded the highest species number followed by orchard habitats, on the contrast road side and wasteland habitats recorded the lowest species numbers. Therophytes were the dominant life form, while Phanerophytes were the smallest group in this study, 5%. The highest Jaccard similarity index was recorded between healthy land and orchard habitats, which supported also by ward classification.

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Essential oil analysis of eight 'Nepeta' taxa in Iran

Mediterranean Botany ◽

10.5209/mbot.64567 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 43-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Seyed Mehdi Talebi ◽

Majid Ghorbani Nohooji ◽

Mahbobeh Yarmohammadi

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Oil Analysis ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Special Trait ◽

Upgma Tree ◽

The World ◽

High Level

Nepeta is one of the largest and important genera of Lamiaceae that is found in many parts of the world as wild plants. These aromatic plants produce essential oil for various pharmaceutical and industrial products. The essential oil composition in eight taxa of Nepeta was analyzed. One natural population from each taxon was selected, and their essential oils extracted using Clevenger apparatus. Moreover, GC and GC/MS analysis methods allowed to reveal the variability in essential oil composition and profile among the studied taxa. The oxygenated monoterpenes were dominant in the oils of N. meyeri, N. mirzayanii, N. racemosa, N. binaludensis, and N. glomerulosa. Phytol was the major compound in the essential oil of N. kotschyi var. persica and N. saccharata (11.56% and 27.04%, respectively). 4aα,7α,7aβ-nepetalactone (73.89%) and 4aα,7β,7aα-nepetalactone (83.92%) were the major constituents in essential oil of N. mirzayanii and N. meyeri, respectively. 1,8-cineol was the principal constituent in the oil of N. glomerulosa var. carmanica, N. binaludensis, N. pogonosperma and N. racemosa (23.34%, 43.49%, 53.94% and 70.89%, respectively). The studied taxa were classified into four distinct groups according to the UPGMA tree with high level of bootstrapping support. Each group was characterized by special trait(s) that could be used for identification of them. Therefore, four chemotypes were separated among the studied taxa: 1,8-cineol, 4aα,7α,7aβ-nepetalactone, 4aα,7β,7aα-nepetalactone, and carvacrol. It was also noticed that the composition of essential oil was highly varied compared to previous results.

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Algunos estudios de alelopatía de Rumex crispus L. y Polygonum segetum HBK., en Colombia.

Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria ◽

10.21930/rcta.vol4_num1_art:12 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Clemencia Gómez ◽

Ricardo Arango ◽

Ligia Patricia Arévalo ◽

Cecilia Delgado ◽

Marta Rocío Guzmán ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Competitive Ability ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

The Other ◽

Weed Species ◽

Rumex Crispus ◽

The World ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Potential Use ◽

Allelopathic Compounds ◽

Qualitative Analyses

La lengua de vaca (Rumex crispus L.) y la gualola (Polygonum segetum HBK.), son espécies de malezas comunes que crecen en las áreas subtropicales del mundo donde ocasionan grandes pérdidas en cosechas y praderas debido a su agresividad. En Colombia se encuentran en zonas ubicadas por encima de los 2000 msnm, y son muy difíciles de manejar por su alta competitividad y gran habilidad para propagarse, tanto sexual como vegetativamente; a menudo crecen solas en un campo gracias a su capacidad para prevalecer sobre otras especies de plantas. Con el fin de estandarizar una metodología para la extracción e identificación de algunas sustancias provenientes del metabolismo secundario de las dos especies citadas, se realizaron experimentos para evaluar el efecto de tales compuestos sobre la geminación y desarrollo de especies agrícolas. A través de bioensayos se estableció que los extractos acuosos de hojas y raíces contenían varias sustancias alelopáticas: flavonoides, 5-deoxiflavonas, 7-8-dihidroflavononas y ácidos ferúlico, caféico y sinápico. Los extractos etanólicos de plántulas de Rumex crispus, en tres estados de crecimiento, permitieron confirmar la presencia de flavonoides, terpenos, sesquiterpenlactonas, quinonas, glicósidos y cumarinas, pero no de alcaloides. Por otra parte, mediante la utilización de células de Rumex crispus en suspensión, se logró aumentar la producción de flavonoides. El conocimiento de la eficacia de las sustancias alelopáticas de estas especies y su uso potencial puede llegar a ser de gran utilidad en programas de manejo de las relaciones planta-planta. Some studies on allelopathy of Rumex crispus L. and Polygonum segetum HBK., in ColombiaCurly dock (Rumex crispus, ‘lengua de vaca’) and smartweed (Polygonum segetum, ‘gualola’), are two common weed species that grow in subtropical areas of the world, where cause great losses in crops and grasslands due to their aggressiveness. In Colombia they are found on lands over 2000 m.o.s.l., and as they propagate by both, sexual and vegetative ways, it is very difficult to manage them. Several experiments were carried out in order to standardize the extraction methods, identify the extracts due to secondary metabolism from plants of Rumex and Polygonum, and evaluate the effects of such compounds over the germination and development of various species of plants. It was possible, through bioassays, to establish that watery extracts from the leaves and the roots contain allelopathic substances that increase the competitive ability of these weed species. On the other hand, qualitative analyses allowed identifying several allelopathic compounds like flavonoids. Initial bioassays were conducted over three groups of plants of R. crispus through experiments with ethanolic extracts and colored tests that confirmed the presence of flavonoids, terpenes, sesquiterpenlactones, quinones, alcaloids, glycosides and cumarines in plants of smartweed in those three growth states. Chalcones, aurones and flavonoles were detected as well as antraquinone and terpene glucosides, but not so, alcaloides.These results could become useful for advancing studies since they amplify the knowledge about allelopathic substances of these weed species, and show their potential use in managing plant-weed relation programs.

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