ДИНАМИКА НАКОПЛЕНИЯ ФЛАВОНОИДОВ В ЛИСТЬЯХ AMARANTHUS RETROFLEXUS, AGASTACHE RUGOSA И THLASPI ARVENSE СОБРАННЫХ В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ ЯКУТИИ

Isolated fraction of polysaccharides, such as water-soluble polysaccharides, pectins, hemicelluloses A and B from the vegetative mass of plants Amaranthus retroflexus, Agastache rugosa and Thlaspi arvense, grown in the conditions of Central Yakutia. According to the obtained IR spectra it was established that the isolated fractions of polysaccharides from Amaranthus retroflexus, Agastache rugosa and Thlaspi arvense belong to water-soluble polysaccharides, pectins and hemicelluloses. Shows the monosaccharide composition of isolated fractions of polysaccharides from plants grown under conditions of Central Yakutia. The main monomers of the isolated polysaccharides are arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), rhamnose (Rha), mannose (Man), xylose (Xyl), glucose (Glc), galacturonic acid (GalA). Revealed the degree of ethrerification of the galacturonic acid in water-soluble polysaccharides and pectins by IR spectra. Shows the differences in the quantitative content and monosaccharide composition of the isolated fractions of polysaccharides, which can be associated with both adaptive rearrangements in the body and with individual plant characteristics.

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A COMPARISON OF MCP AND 2,4-D FOR THE CONTROL OF ANNUAL WEEDS IN GRAIN CROPS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps57-008 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 69-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. A. Friesen ◽

D. R. Walker

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Thlaspi Arvense ◽

Wild Mustard ◽

The Difference ◽

Lamb’S Quarters ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Oats, flax and barley were sprayed with various formulations of MCP (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) at a number of Experimental Farms in Western Canada in 1954 and 1955. Each formulation was applied at 4 and 8 ounces of acid equivalent per acre at each of two dates, viz., Date 1, when the weeds were in the seedling stage less than 3 inches in height; and Date 2, at a stage coinciding with the first appearance of buds on the major weed species.Stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense, L.), wild mustard (Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler var. pinnatifida (Stokes) L.C. Wheeler), lamb's quarters (Chenopodium album L.), Russian pigweed (Axyris amarantoides L.), and ball mustard (Neslia paniculata L.), were effectively controlled by each of the MCP and 2,4-D formulations used. Russian thistle (Salsola kali L.), and red-root pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), were not satisfactorily controlled by MCP, whereas hemp nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit L.) was not controlled by 2,4-D. Wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.) was not controlled by any of the treatments. Each treatment was more effective when applied during the seedling stage of the weeds.On the basis of wood control and yield of grain the results of this study favour the use of MCP over 2,4-D with either oats or flax. Oats was significantly more tolerant to MCP, particularly if treated during the early growth stages when weed competition was most critical. With flax, the difference in tolerance was most pronounced in favour of MCP at the later date of treatment. The 2,4-D ester and low volatile ester resulted in a preponderance of plant deformities, lowered the yields of both oats and flax and delayed the maturity of flax significantly. Barley yields in this study were not adversely affected by any of the treatments.

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AMINO ACID AND PROXIMATE ANALYSES OF WEED SEEDS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps77-033 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 243-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

RUSSELL TKACHUK ◽

V. JEAN MELLISH

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Thlaspi Arvense ◽

Wild Mustard ◽

Acid Protein ◽

Weed Seeds ◽

Lamb’S Quarters ◽

Amino Acid Balance

Weed seeds commonly found in Western Canadian cereals and oil seeds as dockage were examined for their amino acid, protein, oil and fiber contents. The weeds analyzed were Sinapis arvenis L.(wild mustard), Thlaspi arvense L. (stinkweed), Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb (flixweed), Polygonum convolvulus L. (wild buckwheat), Rumex pseudonatronatus L. (field dock), Avena fatua L. (wild oats), Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. (green foxtail), Iva xanthifolia Nutt. (false ragweed), Chenopodium album L. (lamb’s-quarters), and Amaranthus retroflexus L. (redroot pigweed). Composite analysis showed that some of the weed seeds are high in protein and oil content. Amino acid analysis showed that many weeds have an excellent essential amino acid balance, and also a higher content of essential amino acids than do the commonly grown cereals. These results suggest that some weed seeds could be excellent sources of protein and oil for feed or food purposes.

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Видовой состав сорных растений в агрофитоценозах зерновых культур в географически отдаленных областях: Ленинградской (Северо-Западный регион) и Липецкой (Центрально-Черноземный регион)

Научные труды по агрономии ◽

10.37574/2658-7963-2020-2-9-16 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Н. Н. Лунева

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Silene Vulgaris ◽

Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Echinochloa Crusgalli ◽

Polygonum Aviculare ◽

Thlaspi Arvense ◽

Fumaria Officinalis

Цель исследования – выявление различий в видовом составе сорных растений в посевах зерновых культур в географически отдаленных регионах (СЗР и ЦЧР). Произведен сравнительный анализ данных обследования 30 полей зерновых культур в ряде районов Ленинградской области в 2014-2016 гг. и 29 полей в районах Липецкой области в 2016-2018 гг., осуществленных по оригинальной методике автора. Использованы традиционные методы флористического анализа, а также распределение видов по классам постоянства встречаемости. Различия между сегетальными элементами флоры зерновых культур двух областей заключаются в более высоких показателях флористического богатства и таксономического разнообразия в Ленинградской области, а также различной очередностью семейств в первых двух «триадах» сравниваемых флористических спектров. Более глубокие отличия заключаются не только в наличии дифференциальных видов (63 вида в посевах зерновых культур только в Ленинградской области и 45 видов в посевах зерновых только в Липецкой области), но и в разных показателях встречаемости одинаковых видов, засоряющих посевы зерновых культур в обоих регионах. К более высоким классам постоянства встречаемости в Ленинградской области, чем в Липецкой, относятся виды: Chenopodium album L., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip., Matricaria discoídea DC., Taraxacum officinale Wigg., Thlaspi arvense L., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Fumaria officinalis L. и Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Loeve, Achillea millefolium L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Sonchus arvensis L., Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill., Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, Plantago major L., Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) S.F. Gray, Polygonum aviculare L. На территории Липецкой области такими видами являются – Silene praténsis (Rafn) Godr,. Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Galeopsis tetrahit L., Galium aparine L., Convolvulus arvensis L. В засоренности посевов ячменя в разных областях также выявлены различия: зарегистрировано 42 вида сорных растений в посевах ячменя только Ленинградской области (среди которых доминирует Matricaria discoídea DC.) и 31 вид в посевах ячменя только в Липецкой области (среди которых доминируют Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., и Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Из 29 одинаковых видов в посевах ячменя обеих областей, в Ленинградской области преобладают Chenopodium album L., Fumaria officinalis L., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip., а в Липецкой Convolvulus arvensis L., Galeopsis tetrahit L., Raphanus raphanistrum L. Следовательно, фитосанитарный прогноз распространения видов сорных растений в посевах зерновых культур в целом, и в посевах ячменя, в частности, как и системы защиты от сорных растений будут отличаться в двух сравниваемых регионах.

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Efficacy and selectivity of post-emergent application of flumioxazin and oxyfluorfen in sunflower

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/285/2011-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (No. 11) ◽

pp. 532-539 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. Jursík ◽

J. Andr ◽

J. Holec ◽

J. Soukup

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Field Trials ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽

Thlaspi Arvense ◽

Full Control ◽

Application Rates ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Small Plot ◽

Mercurialis Annua

Four efficacy and selectivity small plot field trials were carried out in four sunflower hybrids at two localities in Middle Bohemia during 2008 and 2009 with herbicides containing the active ingredients flumioxazin and fluorochloridone. For Chenopodium album, an efficacy of 97% was found after pre-emergent application of fluorochloridone + acetochlor; the efficacy of oxyfluorfen was 88–95%; the efficacy of flumioxazin was below 50% at both tested application rates (30 and 60 g/ha) and application timings (2 sunflower leaves and 4 to 6 sunflower leaves); efficacy of flumioxazin increased to 67% and 69%, when surfactants were added (isodecyl alcohol ethoxylate and heptamethyltrisiloxan). Full control of Amaranthus retroflexus was found after all pre-emergent and early post-emergent herbicide treatments; efficacy of late post-emergent herbicide treatments was below 93%. Full control of Mercurialis annua was found only after application of oxyfluorfen. Thlaspi arvense was fully controlled by fluorochloridone + acetochlor (pre-emergent) and oxyfluorfen (in both application terms). Selectivity of the four tested sunflower hybrids to fluorochloridone + acetochlor, bifenox and flumioxazin was acceptable (phytotoxicity 6 to 27%). Higher phytotoxicity (23–45%) was recorded when surfactants were added to flumioxazin. The highest phytotoxicity (68–81%) was recorded after the application of oxyfluorfen.  

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Seedling establishment early on an abandoned field

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/8375-pps ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 37 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 121-127

Author(s):

J. Štolcová

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Species Composition ◽

Seedling Establishment ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Abandoned Field ◽

Thlaspi Arvense ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Small Plot

The effect of sporadic cultivation on seedling establishment on a field abandoned for 1–4 years was investigated in small-plot trials at Prague-Ruzyně in the spring periods 1993–1995. Cultivation included autumn ploughing, spring harrowing and rolling on all plots that were subsequently left to spontaneous weed infestation. Some plots were then mowed or shallowly cultivated in mid-June and late July, others were left without treatment. No significant differences in seedling establishment were found between plots with different treatments. The number of species varied between years, but without a trend to species enrichment or impoverishment. In all years most species were annuals, and species composition did not change in the course of the experiment. The dominant species were Amaranthus retroflexus, Lamium amplexicaule, Echinochloa crus-galli, Chenopodium album, Silene noctiflora and Thlaspi arvense. Species diversity during the experimental years increased due to decreasing dominance of A. retroflexus.

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Trichoplusia ni growth and preference on broccoli and eight common agricultural weeds

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p06-032 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

pp. 413-421 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jennifer H. Cameron ◽

Murray B. Isman ◽

Mahesh K. Upadhyaya

Keyword(s):

Trichoplusia Ni ◽

Larval Growth ◽

Leaf Disc ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Redroot Pigweed ◽

Thlaspi Arvense ◽

Wild Mustard ◽

Agricultural Weeds ◽

Lamb’S Quarters ◽

Common Groundsel

Larval growth and feeding, and adult ovipositional preference of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni Hübner, were investigated on broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) and eight common agricultural weeds: cow cockle (Saponaria vaccaria L.), common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.), lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), sheep sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.), shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursapastoris L.), stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense L.), and wild mustard (Sinapsis arvensis L.). Leaves from greenhouse grown plants were removed and fed to 1st instar larvae in a 7-d growth trial. Broccoli-fed larvae grew larger than those fed on cow cockle, redroot pigweed, sheep sorrel, stinkweed, and wild mustard. Only one insect of 64 survived for 7 d on stinkweed. In a leaf disc choice bioassay, 4th instar larvae showed a significant feeding preference for common groundsel over broccoli. Broccoli was preferred for oviposition over three of the weeds (common groundsel, lamb’s-quarters, and shepherd’s purse). Stinkweed showed promise as a dead-end trap species for this insect in broccoli, since more insects oviposited on stinkweed compared with broccoli yet larval survival on stinkweed was almost nil. Key words: Trichoplusia ni, broccoli, Thlaspi arvense, oviposition, feeding deterrence

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Influence à long terme du travail du sol sur la densité des levées d'adventices en situation de non désherbage

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b93-103 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 71 (7) ◽

pp. 919-926 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. Dessaint ◽

R. Chadoeuf ◽

G. Barralis

Keyword(s):

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

The Other ◽

Simultaneous Increase ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Thlaspi Arvense ◽

Term Evolution

The sprouting of weeds was followed over a 9-year period (1977 – 1978 to 1985 – 1986) in a triennial rotation alternating between two spring cultures (barley–pea) and one winter culture (wheat) grown on two agricultural plots. The plots, one superficially worked while the other tilled, did not undergo any weeding treatment. A simultaneous increase in sprouting was observed in both plots at the beginning of the second rotation. However, this increase was greater on the superficially worked plot. The modifications within the adventitious community are qualitative in the first rotation, but become essentially quantitative at the beginning of the second rotation. Some species increase in density (Alopecurus myosuroides, Avena fatua, Galium aparine, Fallopia convolvulus, Sinapis arvensis, Thlaspi arvense) while others decrease (Amaranthus retroflexus, Kickxia spuria, Stellaria media). Key words: community, long term evolution, factorial analysis of correspondences, weeds. [Journal translation]

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