DEFINING FRAILTY IN RESEARCH ABSTRACTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STANDARDIZATION

Multiple definitions of frailty are used. We sought to quantify the frequency that frailty is insufficiently defined in published abstracts. We conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE/PubMed for English abstracts of original research investigating frailty as an exposure or outcome in humans from 2015-2017. A complete definition of frailty included: 1) a named measure of frailty, including “frailty” alone, 2) details on variables included (e.g. grip strength), 3) number of variables included (e.g. 33-item frailty index), and 4) details on cutoffs or levels of frailty unless a definition was used continuously. Our search yielded 1,110 titles; 490 abstracts met review criteria, 348 abstracts had any definition of frailty and were included. Majority reported a single measure of frailty (n=313, 90%). The most commonly used measures were variations of Fried’s phenotype (n=167, 48%) and Rockwood’s cumulative deficit model (n=101, 29%). Only 56 abstracts had complete definitions (16%). In 123 abstracts (35%), a means of measuring frailty was named, but no additional details were given. When details of the frailty measure were described, they generally referred to cutoffs or levels rather than variables used in the measure. A minority of abstracts of original manuscripts related to frailty research had adequate definitions of frailty. We encourage scientists to adopt a standardized approach to defining the term for all abstracts related to frailty research to facilitate systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and accurate reporting of frailty science.

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Effects of low back pain on balance performance in elderly people: a systematic review and meta-analysis

European Review of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s11556-021-00263-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Le Ge ◽

Chuhuai Wang ◽

Haohan Zhou ◽

Qiuhua Yu ◽

Xin Li

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Elderly People ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Original Research ◽

Low Back ◽

Centre Of Pressure ◽

Balance Performance

Abstract Background Research suggests that individuals with low back pain (LBP) may have poorer motor control compared to their healthy counterparts. However, the sample population of almost 90% of related articles are young and middle-aged people. There is still a lack of a systematic review about the balance performance of elderly people with low back pain. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to understand the effects of LBP on balance performance in elderly people. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis included a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for full-text articles published before January 2020. We included the articles that 1) investigated the elderly people with LBP; 2) assessed balance performance with any quantifiable clinical assessment or measurement tool and during static or dynamic activity; 3) were original research. Two independent reviewers screened the relevant articles, and disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. Results Thirteen case-control studies comparing balance performance parameters between LBP and healthy subjects were included. The experimental group (LBP group) was associated with significantly larger area of centre of pressure movement (P < 0.001), higher velocity of centre of pressure sway in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively), longer path length in the anteroposterior direction (P < 0.001), slower walking speed (P = 0.05), and longer timed up and go test time (P = 0.004) than the control group. Conclusion The results showed that balance performance was impaired in elderly people with LBP. We should pay more attention to the balance control of elderly people with LBP.

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Prevalence and impact of frailty in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0444 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

M Proietti ◽

G.F Romiti ◽

V Raparelli ◽

I Diemberger ◽

G Boriani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Frailty Index ◽

Prevalence Odds Ratio ◽

Frail Patients ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Inconsistency Index

Abstract Background Frailty is a clinical syndrome characterized by a reduced physiologic function, increased vulnerability to stressors, and an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (AF) are often burdened with a high number of comorbidities and prone to frailty. The prevalence of frailty, its management and association with major outcomes in patients with AF are still unclear. Purpose To estimate the pooled prevalence of frailty in patients with AF, as well as its association with AF-related risk factors and comorbidities, oral anticoagulants (OAC) prescription, and major outcomes. Methods We systematically searched PubMed and EMBASE, from inception to 31st January 2021, for studies reporting the prevalence of frailty (irrespective of the tool used for assessment). Pooled prevalence, odds ratio (OR), and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were computed using random-effect models; heterogeneity was assessed through the inconsistency index (I2). This study was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42021235854. Results A total of 1,116 studies were retrieved from the literature search, and 31 were finally included in the systematic review (n=842,521 patients). The frailty pooled prevalence was 39.6% (95% CI=29.2%-51.0%, I2=100%; Figure 1). Significant subgroup differences were observed according to geographical location (higher prevalence found in European-based cohorts; p=0.003) and type of tool used for the assessment (higher prevalence in studies using the Clinical Frailty Scale and Tilburg Frailty Index tools; p<0.001). Meta-regressions showed that study-level mean age and prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and history of stroke were directly associated with frailty prevalence. Frailty was significantly associated with a 29% reduced probability of OAC prescription in observational studies (OR=0.71, 95% CI=0.62–0.81). Frail patients with AF were at higher risk of all-cause death (OR=4.12, 95% CI=3.15–5.41), ischemic stroke (OR=1.55, 95% CI=1.01–2.38), and bleeding (OR=1.55, 95% CI=1.12–2.14), compared to non-frail patients with AF. Conclusions In this systematic review and meta-analysis analysis, the prevalence of frailty was high in patients with AF, and associated with study-level mean age and prevalence of several stroke risk factors. Frailty may influence the management of patients, and worsening the prognosis for all major AF-related outcomes. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Prevalence of Frailty among AF patients

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COVID-19 and Influenza Co-infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.681469 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Masoud Dadashi ◽

Saeedeh Khaleghnejad ◽

Parisa Abedi Elkhichi ◽

Mehdi Goudarzi ◽

Hossein Goudarzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Case Reports ◽

Influenza Infection ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Case Series ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Original Research ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Prevalence Studies

Background and Aim: Co-infection of COVID-19 with other respiratory pathogens which may complicate the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of COVID-19 emerge new concern. The overlap of COVID-19 and influenza, as two epidemics at the same time can occur in the cold months of the year. The aim of current study was to evaluate the rate of such co-infection as a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods: A systematic literature search was performed on September 28, 2019 for original research articles published in Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases from December 2019 to September 2020 using relevant keywords. Patients of all ages with simultaneous COVID-19 and influenza were included. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 14 software.Results: Eleven prevalence studies with total of 3,070 patients with COVID-19, and 79 patients with concurrent COVID-19 and influenza were selected for final evaluation. The prevalence of influenza infection was 0.8% in patients with confirmed COVID-19. The frequency of influenza virus co-infection among patients with COVID-19 was 4.5% in Asia and 0.4% in the America. Four prevalence studies reported the sex of patients, which were 30 men and 31 women. Prevalence of co-infection with influenza in men and women with COVID-19 was 5.3 and 9.1%, respectively. Eight case reports and 7 case series with a total of 123 patients with COVID-19 were selected, 29 of them (16 men, 13 women) with mean age of 48 years had concurrent infection with influenza viruses A/B. Fever, cough, and shortness of breath were the most common clinical manifestations. Two of 29 patients died (6.9%), and 17 out of 29 patients recovered (58.6%). Oseltamivir and hydroxychloroquine were the most widely used drugs used for 41.4, and 31% of patients, respectively.Conclusion: Although a low proportion of COVID-19 patients have influenza co-infection, however, the importance of such co-infection, especially in high-risk individuals and the elderly, cannot be ignored. We were unable to report the exact rate of simultaneous influenza in COVID-19 patients worldwide due to a lack of data from several countries. Obviously, more studies are needed to evaluate the exact effect of the COVID-19 and influenza co-infection in clinical outcomes.

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P–426 Uterine Natural Killer Cells in Recurrent Miscarriage and Implantation Failure: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Human Reproduction ◽

10.1093/humrep/deab130.425 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

E V Woon ◽

O Greer ◽

N Shah ◽

V Male ◽

M Johnson

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Nk Cells ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Subgroup Analysis ◽

Recurrent Miscarriage ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Implantation Failure ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Uterine Nk Cells ◽

Definition Of

Abstract Study question Do women with recurrent miscarriage (RM) or implantation failure (RIF) have different levels of uterine Natural Killer (NK) cells compared to fertile controls? Summary answer Women with RIF but not RM are associated with significantly higher levels of CD56+ uterine NK cells compared to controls. What is known already Uterine NK cells (uNK) are different from peripheral NK cells (pNK) and are important in early pregnancy for development of the placenta. The association between uNK and RM/RIF is less clear, but dysfunction of uNK is believed to result in early pregnancy failure. Previous systematic reviews by Seshadri (2014) and Tang (2013) on infertile and RM patients showed no significant difference in uNK levels and highlighted need for further studies. Since, many prospective studies have been published and therefore warrant an updated systematic review. On the other hand, evidence for correlation between uNK and pNK is sparse and needs clarification. Study design, size, duration We have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate three outcomes. The primary outcome was the difference of uNK level in RM/RIF compared to controls. The secondary outcome was livebirth rate in women with RM/RIF with high compared to normal uNK level, and the tertiary outcome was correlation between uNK and pNK in RM/RIF. Participants/materials, setting, methods The electronic database search included MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and bibliographies from included articles from inception to December 2020 using a combination of MESH and keywords. Search, screen, and data extraction were performed by two reviewers independently. Quality assessment was conducted with ROBINS-I and meta-analysis with Revman 5.3. Out of 4636 studies screened, 43 studies (2539 women) and 3 studies each (598 and 77 women) were analysed for primary, secondary and tertiary outcomes respectively. Main results and the role of chance Our meta-analysis showed that CD56+ uNK were significantly higher in women with RIF but not RM compared to controls (SMD 0.60; 95% CI 0.12–1.08]. Subgroup analysis in RM patients showed no significant difference whether definition of 2 or 3 previous RM was used, in primary/secondary RM compared to controls, or in primary versus secondary RM. CD56+ uNK were significantly higher in RM/RIF when sampled during mid-luteal phase [SMD 0.56; 95% CI 0.19–0.93] but not in the early pregnancy decidua. Interestingly, there was significant difference in CD56+ uNK when analysed by immunohistochemistry [SMD 0.50; CI 0.05–0.94] but not by flow cytometry, and when CD56+ uNK were reported as percentage over total endometrial cells [SMD 0.58; 95% CI 0.10–1.07]. Further subgroup analysis showed significant difference in CD16 + [SMD 0.54; 95% CI 0.18–0.89] but not in CD56+CD16-, CD56+CD16+ or CD57. For pregnancy outcome, there was no significant difference in livebirth rate in RM/RIF patients with high uNK compared to normal uNK [RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.86–1.30]. Mean uNK level in RM patients with subsequent miscarriage was not significantly higher than subsequent livebirth. Finally, the pooled correlation between CD56 pNK and CD56 uNK (r = 0.42; 95% CI –0.04–0.73] was not significant in RM/RIF patients. Limitations, reasons for caution The meta-analysis is limited by quality of some of the studies. Some data were presented in median that was transformed to mean which may result in data skew. Other confounding factors e.g. maternal age, fetal karyotype, number of previous miscarriages and variable definition of controls may contribute to bias. Wider implications of the findings: Clinical interpretation of uNK level needs to be treated with caution because there is significant heterogeneity in method of analysis. There may be a role for uNK measurement in RIF patients however further studies to understand pathophysiology underlying elevated uNK is warranted before recommending it as a diagnostic tool. Trial registration number N/A

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Cryptosporidium animal species in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Tropical Medicine and Health ◽

10.1186/s41182-020-00278-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mousa Motavalli Haghi ◽

Zohreh Khorshidvand ◽

Salman Khazaei ◽

Faezeh Foroughi-Parvar ◽

Hossein Sarmadian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Animal Species ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Forest Plot ◽

Original Research ◽

Significance Level ◽

Severe Diarrhea ◽

System Defect ◽

Cattle And Sheep

Abstract Background Cryptosporidiosis is an acute and short-term infection which can lead to severe diarrhea (intestinal cryptosporidiosis) associated with a persistent cough in the host with immune system defect. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of animal Cryptosporidium species and the corresponding epidemiological aspects in Iran. Methods In this study, all original research articles relating to the animal cryptosporidiosis in Iran were collected from reliable databases using keywords. A meta-analysis was conducted separately for each subgroup, and heterogeneity among the studies was performed using the Q and I2 tests. Furthermore, it should be noticed that the significance level in the statistical analysis with the Comprehensive Meta-analysis software was considered to be less than 0.05. Finally, meta-analysis results were shown in forest plot with a 95% CI. Results In total, 4795 studies were included in the initial screening. Duplicated or non-original studies and the ones which did not meet our considered criteria were excluded from the list. Out of the 100 articles included in our first list for the meta-analysis, 40, 16, 13, 10, 9, 7, and 5 were done on cattle and calves, birds, dogs, sheep, rodents, camels, and horses, respectively. The prevalence rate of cryptosporidiosis among the birds, horses, rodents, camels, dogs, cattle, and sheep in Iran was estimated to be 7.5%, 19.5%, 20.8%, 8.4%, 4.9%, 14.4%, and 9.1%, respectively. Conclusion The different Cryptosporidium species have been found in different regions of Iran. Geographical region, climate, and domestic animals are considered as factors responsible for animal cryptosporidiosis prevalence in the area. Moreover, this parasite is zoonotic which causes disease in animals as well as humans which can result in economic loss.

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Well-Being and Romantic Relationships: A Systematic Review in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16132415 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (13) ◽

pp. 2415 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mercedes Gómez-López ◽

Carmen Viejo ◽

Rosario Ortega-Ruiz

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Romantic Relationships ◽

Emerging Adulthood ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

The Other ◽

The One ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Relationship

Adolescence and emerging adulthood are both stages in which romantic relationships play a key role in development and can be a source of both well-being and negative outcomes. However, the limited number of studies prior to adulthood, along with the multiplicity of variables involved in the romantic context and the considerable ambiguity surrounding the construct of well-being, make it difficult to reach conclusions about the relationship between the two phenomena. This systematic review synthesizes the results produced into this topic over the last three decades. A total of 112 studies were included, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. On the one hand, these works revealed the terminological heterogeneity in research on well-being and the way the absence of symptoms of illness are commonly used to measure it, while on the other hand, they also showed that romantic relationships can be an important source of well-being for both adolescents and emerging adults. The findings underline the importance of providing a better definition of well-being, as well as to attribute greater value to the significance of romantic relationships. Devoting greater empirical, educational, and community efforts to romantic development in the stages leading up to adulthood are considered necessary actions in promoting the well-being of young people.

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SURG-16. SUPRATOTAL VERSUS GROSS TOTAL RESECTION OF GLIOBLASTOMA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noz175.1017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽

pp. vi243-vi243

Author(s):

Christina Jackson ◽

John Choi ◽

Carrie Price ◽

Chetan Bettegowda ◽

Michael Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Gross Total Resection ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Study Quality ◽

Total Resection ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Definition Of ◽

Supratotal Resection ◽

The Cochrane Library

Abstract INTRODUCTION Due to the infiltrative nature of glioblastoma(GBM) outside of the contrast enhancing region in the peritumoral zone, there is increasing movement to perform supratotal resections (SpTR) by extending the edge of resection beyond the contrast enhancing portion of the tumor. However, there is currently no consensus on the potential survival benefit of SpTR in GBM as compared to gross total resection (GTR). METHODS Therefore, we performed a systematic review using PRISMA guidelines and performed a comprehensive literature search on Pubmed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov, from inception to August 16, 2018, to identify articles comparing overall survival (OS) after SpTR versus GTR. Furthermore, we assessed study quality using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine guidelines. RESULTS We identified 8902 unique citations, of which 11 articles and 2 abstracts met study inclusion criteria. 925 patients underwent SpTR out of a total of 2137 patients. 9 of the 13 studies demonstrated improved survival with SpTR compared to GTR (median improvement in OS of 10.5 months), with no significant difference in post-operative complication rate. Conversely, one abstract found worsened outcomes with SpTR compared to GTR (median decrease in OS of 4 months). However, overall study quality was poor, with 12 of the 13 studies of level IV evidence and one study of level IIIb evidence. We were unable to perform a meta-analysis due to significant clinical and methodological heterogeneity amongst the studies (e.g. differences in adjuvant therapy and lack of standardization of definition of supratotal resection). CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review indicates that SpTR may be associated with improved OS compared to GTR for GBM. However, this is limited by poor study quality and significant clinical and methodological heterogeneity amongst the studies. There is need for prospective clinical trials to further establish standardized guidelines for SpTR in GBM.

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Post-natalizumab disease reactivation in multiple sclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis

Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders ◽

10.1177/1756286419837809 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 175628641983780 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Luca Prosperini ◽

Revere P. Kinkel ◽

Augusto A. Miravalle ◽

Pietro Iaffaldano ◽

Simone Fantaccini

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Disease Reactivation ◽

Definition Of ◽

High Level

Background: Natalizumab (NTZ) is sometimes discontinued in patients with multiple sclerosis, mainly due to concerns about the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. However, NTZ interruption may result in recrudescence of disease activity. Objective: The objective of this study was to summarize the available evidence about NTZ discontinuation and to identify which patients will experience post-NTZ disease reactivation through meta-analysis of existing literature data. Methods: PubMed was searched for articles reporting the effects of NTZ withdrawal in adult patients (⩾18 years) with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Definition of disease activity following NTZ discontinuation, proportion of patients who experienced post-NTZ disease reactivation, and timing to NTZ discontinuation to disease reactivation were systematically reviewed. A generic inverse variance with random effect was used to calculate the weighted effect of patients’ clinical characteristics on the risk of post-NTZ disease reactivation, defined as the occurrence of at least one relapse. Results: The original search identified 205 publications. Thirty-five articles were included in the systematic review. We found a high level of heterogeneity across studies in terms of sample size (10 to 1866 patients), baseline patient characteristics, follow up (1–24 months), outcome measures (clinical and/or radiological), and definition of post-NTZ disease reactivation or rebound. Clinical relapses were observed in 9–80% of patients and peaked at 4–7 months, whereas radiological disease activity was observed in 7–87% of patients starting at 6 weeks following NTZ discontinuation. The meta-analysis of six articles, yielding a total of 1183 patients, revealed that younger age, higher number of relapses and gadolinium-enhanced lesions before treatment start, and fewer NTZ infusions were associated with increased risk for post-NTZ disease reactivation ( p ⩽ 0.05). Conclusions: Results from the present review and meta-analysis can help to profile patients who are at greater risk of post-NTZ disease reactivation. However, potential reporting bias and variability in selected studies should be taken into account when interpreting our data.

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The Incidence of Pediatric and Adolescent Concussion in Action Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17238728 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (23) ◽

pp. 8728

Author(s):

Francesco Feletti ◽

Matteo Bonato

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Methodological Quality ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Baseline Risk ◽

Action Sports ◽

Youth Athletes ◽

And Gender ◽

Definition Of

Background: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence of concussion risk in youth athletes involved in action sports (AS). Methods: A search of PubMed and Web of Science (from January 1980 to August 2020). Titles, abstracts, and full text were screened according to predefined inclusion criteria to find relevant studies. Moreover, the methodological quality of the studies selected was assessed. Results: Nineteen of 1.619 studies were included in the systematic review and 14 in the meta-analysis. Motocross, sailing and snowboarding presented the highest incidence rates per 1000 athlete exposure at 39.22, 3.73 and 2.77 respectively, whereas alpine skiing had the lowest incidence rates resulting in 0.30. Overall risk of concussion was estimated at 0.33 (CI: 0.22, 0.45). Regarding the methodological quality, we have to report that 26.3% of the studies reported the definition of concussion while 36.8% presented age and gender-specific incidence rates. The mechanism of injury and follow up were reported only in one study. Conclusions: There are significant differences in the rates of incident youth concussion across AS. Despite some limitations, the data from this research can serve as the current sport-specific baseline risk of concussion among youth athletes who practice action sports.

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Is a low Functional Movement Screen score (≤14/21) associated with injuries in sport? A systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000501 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. e000501 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manuel Trinidad-Fernandez ◽

Manuel Gonzalez-Sanchez ◽

Antonio I Cuesta-Vargas

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Functional Movement Screen ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Functional Movement ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Registration Number ◽

Definition Of ◽

Evidence Database

ObjectiveTo assess whether Functional Movement Screen (FMS) score is associated with subsequent injuries in healthy sportspeople.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesThe following electronic databases were searched to December 2017: Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Embase, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesEligibility criteria included (1) prospective cohort studies that examined the association between FMS score (≤14/21) and subsequent injuries, (2) a sample of healthy and active participants without restrictions in gender or age, and (3) the OR was the effect size and the main outcome.ResultsThirteen studies met the criteria for the systematic review and 12 were included in the meta-analysis. In 5 of the 12 studies, and among female athletes in 1 study, FMS score ≤14 out of 21 points was associated with subsequent injuries. The overall OR of the selected studies in the meta-analysis was 1.86 (95% CI 1.32 to 2.61) and showed substantial heterogeneity (I2=70%).Summary/ConclusionWhether or not a low FMS score ≤14 out of 21 points is associated with increased risk of injury is unclear. The heterogeneity of the study populations (type of athletes, age and sport exposure) and the definition of injury used in the studies make it difficult to synthesise the evidence and draw definitive conclusions.Trial registration numberCRD42015015579.

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