The dental alloys determine the choice of composite resins to be used.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate wear resistance of two composites resins against alternative alloys. Material and Methods: Fifteen stylus tips samples of composite resin were obtained for each resin Z250 and charisma (CHA). Samples were divided into three groups according to the disk of alloy to be used as antagonist: Nickel-Chromium (Ni-Cr), Cobalt- Chromium (Co-Cr) and commercially pure titanium (cp Ti). Wear tests were performed at a speed of 265 cycles/min and distance of 10mm, in a total of 40,000 cycles. Before and after wear tests, samples were weighed and had their profile designed in an optical comparator to evaluate weight and height loss, respectively. Results: For weight and height loss, wear of Z250 was lower than CHA for Co-Cr antagonist, but greater for cp Ti. CHA presents a more regular surface without cracks and similar aspect for all antagonists. Z250 showed some cracks, mainly against cp Ti and Ni-Cr. Conclusion: Within the results of the present study, it was concluded that CHA is suitable against cp Ti, and Z250 for association with Co-Cr alloy while any composite resin can be used against Ni-Cr.KeywordsComposite resins; Dental alloys; Dental restoration wear.

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Retention force of T-bar clasps for titanium and cobalt-chromium removable partial dentures

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402008000300006 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 209-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Renata Cristina Silveira Rodrigues ◽

Ana Paula Macedo ◽

Érica Miranda de Torres ◽

Maria da Glória Chiarello de Mattos ◽

Ricardo Faria Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Pure Titanium ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Cobalt Chromium ◽

Simulation Test ◽

Retention Force ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Polishing Procedures ◽

Student’S T ◽

Cp Ti ◽

Distal Extension

The objective of this study was to evaluate the retention force of T-bar clasps made from commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) and cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloy by the insertion/removal test simulating 5 years use. Thirty-six frameworks were cast from CP Ti (n=18) and Co-Cr alloy (n=18) with identical prefabricated patterns on refractory casts from a distal extension mandibular hemi-arch segment. The castings were made on a vacuum-pressure machine, under vacuum and argon atmosphere. Each group was subdivided in three, corresponding to 0.25 mm, 0.50 mm and 0.75 mm undercuts, respectively. No polishing procedures were performed to ensure uniformity. The specimens were subjected to an insertion/removal test and data was analyzed statistically to compare CP Ti and Co-Cr alloy in the same undercut (Student's t-test for independent samples) and each material in different undercuts (one-way ANOVA) (p=0.05). Comparisons between materials revealed significant differences (p=0.017) only for the 0.50-mm undercut. No significant differences (p>0.05) were found when comparing the same material for the undercuts. It may be concluded that for different undercuts, both Co-Cr alloy and CP Ti had no significant differences for T-bar clasps; CP Ti showed the lowest retention force values when compared to Co-Cr alloy in each undercut, but with significant difference only for the 0.50-mm undercut; and both materials maintained the retentive capacity during the simulation test.

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Implant/abutment vertical misfit of one-piece cast frameworks made with different materials

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402010000600006 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 515-519 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Gustavo Augusto Seabra Barbosa ◽

Flávio Domingues das Neves ◽

Maria da Gloria Chiarello de Mattos ◽

Renata Cristina Silveira Rodrigues ◽

Ricardo Faria Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Pure Titanium ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Chromium Alloy ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Cobalt Chromium ◽

Nickel Chromium ◽

Implant Abutment ◽

Passive Fit ◽

Fixed Prosthesis ◽

Cp Ti

This study compared vertical and passive fit of one-piece cast frameworks made with 3 different materials: commercially pure titanium (CP Ti - G1), cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr - G2) and nickel-chromium-titanium alloy (Ni-Cr-Ti - G3). Fifteen frameworks were obtained simulating bars for fixed prosthesis in a model with 5 implants. The passive and vertical fit of the framework interface was measured using an optical microscope at Ã—30 magnification. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and LSD tests (Î±=0.05). Mean and standard deviation values for passive fit and vertical fit were, respectively: G1 [472.49 (109.88) Âµm and 29.9 (13.24) Âµm], G2 [584.84 (120.20) Âµm and 27.05 (10.30) Âµm], and G3 [462.70 (179.18) Âµm and 24.95 (11.14) Âµm]. For vertical fit, there were no significant differences among G1, G2 and G3 (p=0.285). There were no significant differences for passive fit between G1 and G3 (p=0.844), but both differed significantly from G2 (p=0.028 and p=0.035, respectively), which showed the highest misfit values. It may be concluded that the vertical fit of frameworks was not affected by the tested materials, and that one-piece cast frameworks resulted in inadequate passive fit. The Co-Cr alloy presented the worst values for passive fit.

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Comparison of Biocompatible Coatings Produced by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation on cp-Ti and Ti-Zr-Nb Superelastic Alloy

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11040401 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 401

Author(s):

Ruzil Farrakhov ◽

Olga Melnichuk ◽

Evgeny Parfenov ◽

Veta Mukaeva ◽

Arseniy Raab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

X Ray ◽

Kinetic Coefficients ◽

Electrolytic Oxidation ◽

Plasma Electrolytic ◽

Cp Ti ◽

Peo Coatings

The paper compares the coatings produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on commercially pure titanium and a novel superelastic alloy Ti-18Zr-15Nb (at. %) for implant applications. The PEO coatings were produced on both alloys in the identical pulsed bipolar regime. The properties of the coatings were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The PEO process kinetics was modeled based on the Avrami theorem and Cottrell equation using a relaxation method. The resultant coatings contain TiO2, for both alloys, and NbO2, Nb2O5, ZrO2 for Ti-18Zr-15Nb alloy. The coating on the Ti-18Zr-15Nb alloy has a higher thickness, porosity, and roughness compared to that on cp-Ti. The values of the kinetic coefficients of the PEO process—higher diffusion coefficient and lower time constant for the processing of Ti-18Zr-15Nb—explain this effect. According to the electrochemical studies, PEO coatings on Ti-18Zr-15Nb alloy provide better corrosion protection. Higher corrosion resistance, porosity, and roughness contribute to better biocompatibility of the PEO coating on Ti-18Zr-15Nb alloy compared to cp-Ti.

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Thermomechanical Response of Commercially Pure Titanium under Large Plastic Deformation at High Strain Rates

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.548.174 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 548 ◽

pp. 174-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chong Yang Gao ◽

Wei Ran Lu

Keyword(s):

Pure Titanium ◽

Optimal Solution ◽

Optimization Method ◽

Strain Rates ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Thermomechanical Response ◽

Commercially Pure ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Cp Ti ◽

Constitutive Parameters

By using a dislocation-based plastic constitutive model for hcp metals developed by us recently, the dynamic thermomechanical response of an important industrial material, commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti), was described at different temperatures and strain rates. The constitutive parameters of the material are determined by an efficient optimization method for a globally optimal solution. The model can well predict the dynamic response of CP-Ti by the comparison with experimental data and the Nemat-Nasser-Guo model.

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The Influence of Laser Irradiation Parameters on Tribological Behaviour of Commercially Pure Titanium for Dental Prostheses

Volume 14: Emerging Technologies; Materials: Genetics to Structures; Safety Engineering and Risk Analysis ◽

10.1115/imece2016-66524 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Karibeeran Shanmuga Sundaram ◽

Gurusami Kiliyappan ◽

Senthil Kumaran Selvadurai

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Wear Resistance ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Laser Surface ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Laser Shock ◽

Micro Hardness ◽

Dental Prostheses ◽

Commercially Pure ◽

Cp Ti

Laser shock peening (LSP) is one of the innovative technique that produces a compressive residual stress on the surface of metallic materials, thereby significantly increasing its fatigue life in applications where failure is caused by surface-initiated cracks. The specimens were treated with laser shock waves with different processing parameters, and characterization studies were made on treated specimens. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of Nd:YAG laser on commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) used in prosthetic dental restorations. The treatment influenced change in microstructure, micro hardness, surface roughness, and wear resistance characteristics. Though CP-Ti is considered as an excellent material for dental applications due to its outstanding biocompatibility, it is not suitable when high mastication forces are applied. In the present study, pulsed Nd:YAG laser surface treatment technique was adopted to improve the wear resistance of CP-Ti. The wear test pin specimens of CP-Ti were investment cast with centrifugal titanium casting machine. The wear properties of specimens were evaluated after LSP on a “pin-on-disc” wear testing tribometer, as per ASTM G99-05 standards. The results of the wear experiment showed that the treated laser surface has higher wear resistance, micro hardness, and surface roughness compared to as-cast samples. The improvement of wear resistance may be attributed due to grain refinement imparted by LSP processes. The microstructure, wear surfaces, wear debris, and morphology of the specimen were analyzed by using optical electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The data were compared using ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests. The characteristic change resulted in increase in wear resistance and decrease in wear rate. Hence, it is evident that the more reliable and removable partial denture metal frameworks for dental prostheses may find its applications.

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The influence of mold temperature on the fit of cast crowns with commercially pure titanium

Brazilian Oral Research ◽

10.1590/s1806-83242005000200012 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 139-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Wagner Sotero Fragoso ◽

Guilherme Elias Pessanha Henriques ◽

Edwin Fernando Ruiz Contreras ◽

Marcelo Ferraz Mesquita

Keyword(s):

Pure Titanium ◽

Mold Temperature ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Mechanical Grinding ◽

Marginal Fit ◽

Commercially Pure ◽

Cp Ti

Commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) has been widely applied to fabricate cast devices because of its favorable properties. However, the mold temperature recommended for the manufacture of casts has been considered relatively low, causing inadequate castability and poor marginal fit of cast crowns. This study evaluated and compared the influence of mold temperature (430°C - as control, 550°C, 670°C) on the marginal discrepancies of cast CP Ti crowns. Eight bovine teeth were prepared on a mechanical grinding device and impressions were used to duplicate each tooth and produce eight master dies. Twenty-four crowns were fabricated using CP Ti in three different groups of mold temperature (n = 8): 430°C (as control), 550°C and 670°C. The gap between the crown and the bovine tooth was measured at 50 X magnification with a traveling microscope. The marginal fit values of the cast CP Ti crowns were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.03). The 550°C group (95.0 µm) showed significantly better marginal fit than the crowns of the 430°C group (203.4 µm) and 670°C group (213.8 µm). Better marginal fit for cast CP Ti crowns was observed with the mold temperature of 550°C, differing from the 430°C recommended by the manufacturer.

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Corrosion study of metallic biomaterials in simulated body fluid

Metalurgija-Journal of Metallurgy ◽

10.30544/384 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 13-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Hamid Reza Asgari Bidhendi ◽

Majid Pouranvari

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Simulated Body Fluid ◽

Corrosion Behavior ◽

Body Fluid ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Localized Corrosion ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Corrosion Properties ◽

Cyclic Polarization ◽

Cp Ti

Titanium alloys and stainless steel 316L are still the most widely used biomaterials for implants despite emerging new materials for this application. There is still someambiguity in corrosion behavior of metals in simulated body fluid (SBF). This paper aims at investigating the corrosion behavior of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti), Ti–6Al–4V and 316LVM stainless steel (316LVM) in SBF (Hank’s solution) at37 ºC using the cyclic polarization test. Corrosion behavior was described in terms of breakdown potential, the potential and rate ofcorrosion, localized corrosion resistance, andbreakdown repassivation. The effects of anodizing on CP-Ti samples and the passivation on the 316LVM were studied in detail. It was shown that CP-Ti exhibited superior corrosion properties compared to Ti–6Al–4V and 316LVM.

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Pack Cementation Treatment of Titanium Using Tetracalcium Phosphate Powder for Biomedical Applications

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2172 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 654-656 ◽

pp. 2172-2175

Author(s):

Kyosuke Ueda ◽

Hajime Suto ◽

Kaori Nakaie ◽

Takayuki Narushima

Keyword(s):

Reaction Layer ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Pack Cementation ◽

Apatite Formation ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Tetracalcium Phosphate ◽

Phosphate Powder ◽

Commercially Pure ◽

Cp Ti

The surface modification of commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) by pack cementation treatment at 973 K using tetracalcium phosphate (Ca4(PO4)2O, TTCP) slurry was investigated. An HAp phase and a CaTiO3 phase were observed on the reaction layer of the CP Ti substrate after pack cementation treatment at 973 K for 86.4 ks. TTCP powder decomposed to HAp and CaO, and CaO reacted with TiO2 to form CaTiO3. The reaction layer on the CP Ti substrate consisted of inner and outer layers and the particles were in the outer reaction layer. The pores observed on the reaction layer were formed by the detachment of particles from the outer layer. The bonding strength of the reaction layer was 68.1 MPa. Apatite completely covered the surface of the pack-cementation-treated CP Ti after immersion in Kokubo solution for 21.6 ks; such rapid apatite formation suggests that pack cementation treatment improves the biocompatibility of titanium.

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