scholarly journals Measurement of Contrails Using ADS-B Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (17) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Martin Voráček ◽  
Jakub Hospodka
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
The Relationship

Air transport contributes to climate changes not only by greenhouse gas production but also because of production of contrails. The effect of contrails is less scientifically understood compared to greenhouse gases according to IPCC [3]. In order to be able to research the effect of contrails on the atmosphere, it is necessary to identify their realistic frequency of occurrence and to define the relationship between their occurrence and other factors. The effort to identify and monitor contrails and their dependence on the type of air traffic is the objective of SGS project.

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas production in degrading ice-rich permafrost deposits in northeast Siberia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefine Walz ◽  
Christian Knoblauch ◽  
Ronja Tigges ◽  
Thomas Opel ◽  
Lutz Schirrmeister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Glacial Deposits ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. Permafrost deposits have been a sink for atmospheric carbon for millennia. Thaw-erosional processes, however, can lead to rapid degradation of ice-rich permafrost and the release of substantial amounts of organic carbon (OC). The amount of the OC stored in these deposits and their potential to be microbially decomposed to the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) depends on climatic and environmental conditions during deposition and the decomposition history before incorporation into the permafrost. Here, we examine potential greenhouse gas production in degrading ice-rich permafrost deposits from three locations in the northeast Siberian Laptev Sea region. The deposits span a period of about 55 kyr and include deposits from the last glacial and Holocene interglacial periods. Samples from all three locations were aerobically and anaerobically incubated for 134 days at 4 °C. Greenhouse gas production was generally higher in glacial than Holocene deposits. In permafrost deposits from the Holocene and the late glacial transition, only 0.1–4.0 % of the initially available OC could be decomposed to CO2, while 0.2–6.1 % could be decomposed in glacial deposits. Within the glacial deposits from the Kargin interstadial period (Marine Isotope Stage 3), local depositional environments, especially soil moisture, also affected the preservation of OC. Sediments deposited under wet conditions contained more labile OC and thus produced more greenhouse gases than sediments deposited under drier conditions. To assess the long-term production potentials, deposits from two locations were incubated for a total of 785 days. However, more than 50 % of the aerobically produced and more than 80 % of anaerobically produced CO2 after 785 days of incubation were already produced within the first 134 days, highlighting the quantitative importance of the slowly decomposing OC pool in permafrost. CH4 production was generally observed in active layer samples but only sporadically in permafrost samples and was several orders of magnitude smaller than CO2 production.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Everglades: The Role of Hydrologic Conditions

EDIS ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Wright ◽  
K. Ramesh Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Hydrologic Conditions ◽  
Soil And Water

SL288, a 5-page illustrated fact sheet by Alan L. Wright and K. R. Reddy, describes the relationship between global warming and increases in greenhouse gas emissions, the role of Everglades wetlands in the global carbon cycle and their contribution to greenhouse gas production, and how hydrologic conditions and eutrophication in the Everglades influence the rates and types of greenhouse gases emitted. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, May 2009. SL288/SS501: Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Everglades: The Role of Hydrologic Conditions (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas production in degrading ice-rich permafrost deposits in northeastern Siberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (17) ◽  
pp. 5423-5436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefine Walz ◽  
Christian Knoblauch ◽  
Ronja Tigges ◽  
Thomas Opel ◽  
Lutz Schirrmeister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Northeastern Siberia ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Glacial Periods

Abstract. Permafrost deposits have been a sink for atmospheric carbon for millennia. Thaw-erosional processes, however, can lead to rapid degradation of ice-rich permafrost and the release of substantial amounts of organic carbon (OC). The amount of the OC stored in these deposits and their potential to be microbially decomposed to the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) depends on climatic and environmental conditions during deposition and the decomposition history before incorporation into the permafrost. Here, we examine potential greenhouse gas production as a result of degrading ice-rich permafrost deposits from three locations in the northeastern Siberian Laptev Sea region. The deposits span a period of about 55 kyr from the last glacial period and Holocene interglacial. Samples from all three locations were incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions for 134 days at 4 ∘C. Greenhouse gas production was generally higher in deposits from glacial periods, where 0.2 %–6.1 % of the initially available OC was decomposed to CO2. In contrast, only 0.1 %–4.0 % of initial OC was decomposed in permafrost deposits from the Holocene and the late glacial transition. Within the deposits from the Kargin interstadial period (Marine Isotope Stage 3), local depositional environments, especially soil moisture, also affected the preservation of OC. Sediments deposited under wet conditions contained more labile OC and thus produced more greenhouse gases than sediments deposited under drier conditions. To assess the greenhouse gas production potentials over longer periods, deposits from two locations were incubated for a total of 785 days. However, more than 50 % of total CO2 production over 785 days occurred within the first 134 days under aerobic conditions, while 80 % were produced over the same period under anaerobic conditions, which emphasizes the nonlinearity of the OC decomposition processes. Methanogenesis was generally observed in active layer samples but only sporadically in permafrost samples and was several orders of magnitude smaller than CO2 production.

Effects of 17β-estradiol on typical greenhouse gas emissions in aquatic anaerobic ecosystem

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1815-1822
Author(s):  
Aidong Ruan ◽  
Chenxiao Liu ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Fengjiao Zong ◽  
Shaopeng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

Anaerobic microecosystems designed with different concentrations of 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) (0.0–10,000.0 ng/L) were simulated in this study. The influence of different concentrations of 17β-E2 on the emissions of typical greenhouse gases (CH4 and CO2) in simulated anaerobic microecosystems is analyzed to primarily explore the relationship between 17β-E2 and such emissions in aquatic anaerobic ecosystems. The results showed that 17β-E2 could promote or significantly stimulate aquatic anaerobic micro-organisms' production of CH4. The degree and the promotion time of CH4 production were both enhanced with the increase of 17β-E2 concentration. Furthermore, under higher concentration of 17β-E2 (≥500.0 ng/L), the increasing tendency of aquatic anaerobic microbial populations' activity and the function of methanogenic activity under corresponding experimental conditions had a synchronous relationship.

scholarly journals Impact of Livestock Enteric Emission on Climate and its Mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Shahzada Mudasir Rashid ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Livestock Species

The increase in production of greenhouse gases is a major cause of global warming for which livestock holds a big share in total greenhouse gas emission annually. The greenhouse gases produced by livestock include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide etc. Cattle and buffalo are the major contributors responsible for 90% emission of GHG followed by sheep and goat. Increase in carbon dioxide emission by livestock, decaying of dung in absence of oxygen, enteric fermentations are the major sources of greenhouse gas production by livestock species. Owing to greenhouse effect, the elevated greenhouse gases cause global warming resulting in the increase of surface temperature of earth, decreased precipitation, and huge damage to environment and affect the flora and fauna turning the conditions on earth unfavorable for survival of living forms. The major impacts are loss of biodiversity, loss of habitat for animals and plants, uncertainty in climate, increase in livestock diseases, damage to feed sources (plants), decrease in productivity of livestock species and many more. Mitigation measures needed to be focused on decreasing the global meat consumption, implementing carbon tax, feeding dietary oils/nitrates, manure management and its biodigestion, genetic manipulations besides strengthening of global livestock environmental assessment models.

Ecological specificities of the interaction between animal breeding and climate changes, caused by greenhouse gas emissions

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
O. Zhukorsky ◽  
O. Nykyforuk ◽  
N. Boltyk
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Global Problems

Aim. Proper development of animal breeding in the conditions of current global problems and the decrease of anthropogenic burden on environment due to greenhouse gas emissions, caused by animal breeding activity, require the study of interaction processes between animal breeding and external climatic conditions. Methods. The theoretical substantiation of the problem was performed based on scientifi c literature, statistical informa- tion of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization and the data of the National greenhouse gas emissions inventory in Ukraine. Theoretically possible emissions of greenhouse gases into atmosphere due to animal breeding in Ukraine and specifi c farms are calculated by the international methods using the statistical infor- mation about animal breeding in Ukraine and the economic-technological information of the activity of the investigated farms. Results. The interaction between the animal breeding production and weather-and-climate conditions of environment was analyzed. Possible vectors of activity for the industry, which promote global warming and negative processes, related to it, were determined. The main factors, affecting the formation of greenhouse gases from the activity of enterprises, aimed at animal breeding production, were characterized. Literature data, statistical data and calculations were used to analyze the role of animal breeding in the green- house gas emissions in global and national framework as well as at the level of specifi c farms with the consid- eration of individual specifi cities of these farms. Conclusions. Current global problems require clear balance between constant development of sustainable animal breeding and the decrease of the carbon footprint due to the activity of animal breeding.

scholarly journals Climate bones of contention: How climate variability influences territorial, maritime, and river interstate conflicts

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-150
Author(s):  
Cody J Schmidt ◽  
Bomi K Lee ◽  
Sara McLaughlin Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Intrastate Conflict ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Interstate Conflicts ◽  
The Relationship

Many scholars examine the relationship between climate variability and intrastate conflict onset. While empirical findings in this literature are mixed, we know less about how climate changes increase the risks for conflicts between countries. This article studies climate variability using the issue approach to world politics. We examine whether climate variability influences the onset and militarization of interstate diplomatic conflicts and whether these effects are similar across issues that involve sovereignty claims for land (territory) or water (maritime, river). We focus on two theoretical mechanisms: scarcity ( abundance) and uncertainty. We measure these concepts empirically through climate deviation (e.g. droughts/floods, heat waves/cold spells) and climate volatility (greater short-term variance in precipitation/temperature). Analyses of issue claims in the Western Hemisphere and Europe (1901–2001) show that greater deviations and volatility in climate conditions increase risks for new diplomatic conflicts and militarization of ongoing issues and that climate change acts as a trigger for revisionist states.

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