scholarly journals Some characteristics of the thyroid status in children and adolescents living in one of the Kaluga regions contaminated with radionuclides

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. I. Dedov ◽  
A. F. Tsyb ◽  
Ye. G. Matveyenko ◽  
V. N. Omelchenko ◽  
M. P. Borovikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Production ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Individual Dose ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Kaluga Region ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Microsomal Antigen ◽  
Size And Structure

Thyroid status was examined in 9294 children living in the Ulyanov district of the Kaluga region contaminated with radionuclides. Thyroid size and structure were assessed using ultrasonic examination, its function was characterized based on thyrotropin and free thyroxin measurements. Specific autoimmunity was evaluated from assays of antibodies to microsomal antigen and thyroglobulin. The resultant values were assessed with due consideration for the individual dose of 131I absorbed by the thyroid. Thyroid enlargement was detected in 29.2 %, nodular goiter in 0.79 % of the examinees. A reliable positive correlation was found between the degree of thyroid enlargement and 131I absorbed dose. Functional parameters (thyrotropin and free thyroxin) were within the normal range, no correlation was detected between hormonal parameters, thyroid size, and 94 absorbed dose. Antibodies to microsomal antigen were detected in 4.3 %, to thyroglobulin in 7.2 %, to both in 2.8 % of the examinees, this being within the normal range in the population; but a relationship was detected between antibody production and absorbed dose of 131I. Hence, though no noticeable changes in the thyroid status were detected 5 years after the accident in the population examined, the revealed correlations between thyroid enlargement, presence of antithyroid antibodies, and 131I dose may be indicative of a possible growth of thyroid morbidity.

Impact of the serum thyroglobulin concentration on the diagnostics of benign and malignant thyroid diseases

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (05) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Dembowski ◽  
H.-J. Schroth ◽  
K. Klinger ◽  
Th. Rink
Keyword(s):  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Serum Thyroglobulin ◽  
Diffuse Goiter ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients

Summary Aim of this study is to evaluate new and controversially discussed indications for determining the thyroglobulin (Tg) level in different thyroid diseases to support routine diagnostics. Methods: The following groups were included: 250 healthy subjects without goiter, 50 persons with diffuse goiter, 161 patients with multinodular goiter devoid of functional disorder (108 of them underwent surgery, in 17 cases carcinomas were detected), 60 hyperthyroid patients with autonomously functioning nodular goiter, 150 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and 30 hyperthyroid patients with Graves’ disease. Results: The upper limit of the normal range of the Tg level was calculated as 30 ng Tg/ml. The evaluation of the collective with diffuse goiter showed that the figure of the Tg level can be expected in a similar magnitude as the thyroid volume in milliliters. Nodular tissue led to far higher Tg values then presumed when considering the respective thyroid volume, with a rather high variance. A formula for a rough prediction of the Tg levels in nodular goiters is described. In ten out of 17 cases with thyroid carcinoma, the Tg was lower than estimated with thyroid and nodular volumes, but two patients showed a Tg exceeding 1000 ng/ml. The collective with functional autonomy had a significantly higher average Tg level than a matched euthyroid group being under suppressive levothyroxine substitution. However, due to the high variance of the Tg values, the autonomy could not consistently be predicted with the Tg level in individual cases. The patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis showed slightly decreased Tg levels. In Graves’ disease, a significantly higher average Tg level was observed compared with a matched group with diffuse goiter, but 47% of all Tg values were still in the normal range (< 30 ng/ml). Conclusion: Elevated Tg levels indicate a high probability of thyroid diseases, such as malignancy, autonomy or Graves’ disease. However, as low Tg concentrations cannot exclude the respective disorder, a routine Tg determination seems not to be justified in benign thyroid diseases.

German Eugenics and the Wider World: Beyond the Racial State

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Weindling
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Racial Hygiene ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Rapid Industrialization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Size And Structure

This article discusses German eugenics as being incorporated of two strands, one racially oriented and the other welfare oriented. Eugenics in Germany was also characterized by its intention to reach out to a wider world of German colonies and German ethnic groups beyond the frontiers of the state. Key issues such as rapid industrialization and urban growth and associated changes in morbidity, family size and structure, and sexuality are addressed. The article outlines a system of public health in which eugenically-trained physicians served the race and nation rather than merely the individual. It provides an understanding of racial hygiene within the context of German imperialism, but the postwar loss of colonies, of territories to the new Polish state, creates a shift of focus within the new welfare state.

Dismantling of a Nuclear Fuel Fabric - Release of Building Rubble and Site: An Overview

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth T. Aberl ◽  
Karl-Heinz Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Individual Dose ◽  
Dose Limit ◽  
Uranium Fuel ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Uranium fuel rods were produced in the nuclear fuel site. The buildings should be dismantled after decontamination and the site should be released for industrial use. The individual dose to the critical group is limited to an annual value of about 10 μSv. The determined specific activity for remediation of the site was a mean value of 60 mBq/g total activity. For the building rubble and soil primarily two pathways, disposal at a landfill and refill of a disused salt mine, were considered. As a result of the investigations the total activity for the disposal at a landfill had to be limited to about 6,6 GBq. For the refill of the salt mine the estimated individual dose fell below the dose limit in the range of 10 μSv/y.

Measurement of the individual dose of external irradiation

Atomic Energy ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 678-682
Author(s):  
A. L. Kononovich
Keyword(s):  
External Irradiation ◽  
Individual Dose ◽  
The Individual

Recommendation of dose banding of cytotoxics according to pharmacokinetic criteria.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2549-2549
Author(s):  
Etienne Chatelut ◽  
Melanie White-Koning ◽  
Ron H.J. Mathijssen ◽  
Sharyn D. Baker ◽  
Alex Sparreboom
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Planning ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Drug Stability ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Analytical Control ◽  
Individual Dose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Waiting Time ◽  
The Individual

2549 Background: Dose-banding has been recently suggested in order to optimize chemotherapy preparation. Ranges (or bands) of body surface area (BSA) are predefined. The individual dose of a particular patient is calculated according to a single BSA value per band, usually the mid-point of the BSA band in which the actual BSA of the patient lies. Thanks to this simple procedure, chemotherapy provision can be rationalized and chemotherapies can be prepared in advance for drugs with sufficient long-term drug stability. The primary purpose of dose-banding is to reduce patient waiting time and improve capacity planning of the pharmacy production, but additional benefits can also be found, such as reduced potential for medication errors, reduced drug wastage, and prospective quality control of preparations. The objective of this analysis was to compare dose-banding to individual BSA-dosing (current practice) according to pharmacokinetic (PK) criteria. Methods: Dose-banding was defined according to three bands of BSA: BSA<1.7m², 1.7m²≤BSA<1.9m², and BSA≥1.9m² for which the values of 1.55m², 1.80m², and 2.05m² were allocated, respectively. By using individual actual values of clearance of six drugs (cisplatin, docetaxel, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, topotecan, and irinotecan) from a total of 1,206 adult cancer patients, the AUCs corresponding to the two dosing methods were compared to a target value of AUC for each drug. Results: Over all 6 drugs, by using dose-banding the percent change of individual dose in comparison with BSA dosing ranged between -14% and +22%. In terms of capacity to attain the target AUC, there was no significant difference in precision when using dose-banding as compared to BSA-dosing for all drugs except paclitaxel (precision of 23.2% versus 21.8%, respectively). For all drugs including paclitaxel, distributions of AUC values were very similar with both dosing methods. Conclusions: For these 6 drugs and maybe others, dose-banding may be implemented without any risk of increasing interindividual plasma exposure. Dose-banding would make it possible to anticipate chemotherapy preparation and analytical control without any delay for the patients.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin Levels in Patients with Friedreich's and other Ataxias

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.O. Morgan ◽  
G. Naglie ◽  
D.F. Horrobin ◽  
A. Barbeau
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Friedreich’S Ataxia ◽  
Friedreich's Ataxia ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Free Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin ◽  
Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin ◽  
The Individual

SummaryOf 13 patients with Fried-reich's ataxia (Type la) and 17 with type Ila recessive ataxias, all were found to have levels of “free erythrocyte protoporphyrin “ (FEP) above the normal range. The rise in FEP in Friedreich's ataxia correlated well with the age of the individual and thus appears to be related to the course of the disease. Subjects with olivo-ponto-cerebel-lar atrophy, Charlevoix syndrome, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and Parkinson's disease were also found to have significantly elevated FEP, although the distribution overlapped with the normal range.The finding of elevated FEP may indicate a relative heme deficiency in ataxia due to inhibition offerrochelatase leading to a state of ineffective, persistent erythropoiesis. The possibility of a prosta-glandin abnormality being related to this defect and to the pathogenesis of ataxia is considered.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES AND THERAPEUTIC MEASURES FOR ASCARIASIS OF PIGS IN THE FARM OF FERZIKOVSKIY DISTRICT OF THE KALUGA REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 410-415
Author(s):  
Nikanorova ◽  
Kalmykova
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Kaluga Region ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Farm ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Today, various helminth infections, including nematode diseases, remain an urgent problem in many livestock farms in the regions of the Russian Federation. Pigs’ ascariasis is chronic helminth disease caused by a nematode species of Ascaris suum Ascarididae family, young and sexually mature forms of which parasitize in the small intestine of pigs, and the larvae infect the lymph nodes, lungs, liver, causing pathological changes of an allergic nature, bronchopneumonia, pleurisy, respiratory failure. Nematodes affect all types of animals, reduce the body’s natural resistance and productivity. Economic efficiency is significantly reduced due to rejection, costs of veterinary medical measures, sometimes mortality. Pigs’ ascariasis is often found even in farms that are prosperous under zoohygienic and sanitary conditions. Farms of the Kaluga region are doing a lot of preventive work, but often without taking into account the specific helminth situation in the individual farm. Helminthiasis often occurs in a dumb (latent) form and is not registered, while the effectiveness of therapeutic and prophylactic measures decreases. The article describes in detail the case of pigs’ ascariasis in the farm of Ferzikovskiy district of Kaluga region. Diagnostic comprehensive studies have been described for all age groups of animals in the household, including suckling pigs, weaned piglets, young stock, boars; sows, fattening animals. Analyzed medical measures are taken, conclusions regarding the elimination and prevention of the disease in a particular farm are made.

scholarly journals Improvement of the clinical signs of gait abnormality after treatment with levothyroxine in a horse with shivering and hypothyroidism

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Aram Saadi ◽  
Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh ◽  
Hamid Akbari ◽  
Mojtaba Rashedi ◽  
Rahim Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Gait Abnormality ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Serum Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Gait Abnormalities ◽  
Gland Enlargement

AbstractAn 11-year-old Hanoverian gelding used for jumping was evaluated for gait abnormalities and hoof problems in the hindlimbs. Clinical examinations revealed signs consistent with shivers. A thyroid gland enlargement was noticed, baseline serum thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations were low, and a low response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone administration was observed. Hypothyroidism was suspected. The horse was treated with levothyroxine for 1 year. TH concentrations returned to the normal range by week 4 of treatment. Thirty weeks after the initiation of levothyroxine therapy, the gait abnormality improved. Our findings suggest that the assessment of thyroid status and especially of the subclinical thyroid gland disorders in horses affected with shivering, as well as evaluation of the effects of levothyroxine on the improvement of clinical signs could be promising in establishing the aetiopathogenesis and/or treatment of shivering in horses.

scholarly journals Challenges in interpretation of thyroid hormone test results

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 200-203
Author(s):  
Tijana Lalic ◽  
Biljana Beleslin ◽  
Slavica Savic ◽  
Mirjana Stojkovic ◽  
Jasmina Ciric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
First Case ◽  
Secondary Hypothyroidism

Introduction. In interpreting thyroid hormones results it is preferable to think of interference and changes in concentration of their carrier proteins. Outline of Cases. We present two patients with discrepancy between the results of thyroid function tests and clinical status. The first case presents a 62-year-old patient with a nodular goiter and Hashimoto thyroiditis. Thyroid function test showed low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and normal to low fT4. By determining thyroid status (?SH, T4, fT4, T3, fT3) in two laboratories, basal and after dilution, as well as thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), it was concluded that the thyroid hormone levels were normal. The results were influenced by heterophile antibodies leading to a false lower TSH level and suspected secondary hypothyroidism. The second case, a 40-year-old patient, was examined and followed because of the variable size thyroid nodule and initially borderline elevated TSH, after which thyroid status showed low level of total thyroid hormones and normal TSH. Based on additional analysis it was concluded that low T4 and T3 were a result of low TBG. It is a hereditary genetic disorder with no clinical significance. Conclusion. Erroneous diagnosis of thyroid disorders and potentially harmful treatment could be avoided by proving the interference or TBG deficiency whenever there is a discrepancy between the thyroid function results and the clinical picture.

Urobilinogen Excretion in Normal Adults

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Balikov
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Logarithmic Type ◽  
Normal Adults

Abstract Using the quantitative methods of Schwartz, Sborov, and Watson, as modified by Balikov, normal ranges for excretion of urobilinogen have been determined for adults. The individual values fall into a logarithmic type of distribution. The normal range for urine urobilinogen excretion is from 0.05 to 2.5 mg./24 hours, with a median of 0.36. The excretion of fecal urobilinogen ranges from 57 to 200 mg./24 hours for males and from 8 to 150 mg. for females. The medians for these groups are 101 and 40 mg., respectively.

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