From the history of treatment of thyrotoxicosis with radioactive iodine in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-54
Author(s):  
V. V. Fadeev ◽  
N. D. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Domestic Literature ◽  
Complete Destruction ◽  
History Of

The quantitative determination of the content of radioactive iodine in the urine for the evaluation of the functional state of the thyroid gland was first introduced into clinical practice by J. Hamilton in 1939, and in 1942 he developed a method for determining the content of radioactive iodine directly in the thyroid gland, and in the same year reported experiment on a dog who was injected with a large dose (300 μCi per 1 g of body weight) of radioactive 1311, which caused complete destruction of the thyroid gland with complete replacement of its structure with connective tissue with complete safety araschitovidnyh glands. By 1950, there were already many works devoted to this topic. In the mid-50s, such works began to appear in Russia. Among them, one can note the research of M. N. Fateeva (1953), V. K. Modestov (1958), A. 3. Tsfasman (1961), P. I. Egorov (1961), N M. Draznina (1961) and others, but this problem is most fully reflected in the domestic literature in the writings of prof. V. G. Spesivtseva [1-3].

ASSAY OF THYROTROPHIN BY THE ACCUMULATION OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE IN THE THYROID OF THE INTACT RAT

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Stephenson ◽  
W. P. McKinley ◽  
P. J. Kavanagii
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dosage Group ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Response Line ◽  
Dose Levels

The ability of the thyroid gland of intact weanling rats to collect injected radioactive iodine was diminished by inclusion of a small amount of iodinated casein in the diet. The administration of exogenous thyrotrophin increased the thyroidal uptake of I131 in rats treated in this manner. Both the degree of inhibition of the thyroid and the ability of the animals to differentiate between dosage levels of thyrotrophin were dependent upon the amount of iodinated casein in the diet. Graded doses of thyrotrophin provided a linear log dose –response line over the range 0.01 to 0.08 U.S.P. units. The response approached a maximum value at dose levels above 0.16 U.S.P. units. The thyroid gland of the female weanling rat retained, on the average, significantly more radioactive iodine than that of the male weanling rat when stimulated by thyrotrophin. Although the hormonal response was not correlated with the body weight of the rats within dosage groups, more precise assays were obtained by equalizing the total weight of the rats in each dosage group before the assay. Relatively large doses of I131 appeared to have an adverse effect on the precision of the assay but did not influence the response to thyrotrophin.

ASSAY OF THYROTROPHIN BY THE ACCUMULATION OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE IN THE THYROID OF THE INTACT RAT

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-255
Author(s):  
N. R. Stephenson ◽  
W. P. McKinley ◽  
P. J. Kavanagii
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dosage Group ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Response Line ◽  
Dose Levels

The ability of the thyroid gland of intact weanling rats to collect injected radioactive iodine was diminished by inclusion of a small amount of iodinated casein in the diet. The administration of exogenous thyrotrophin increased the thyroidal uptake of I131 in rats treated in this manner. Both the degree of inhibition of the thyroid and the ability of the animals to differentiate between dosage levels of thyrotrophin were dependent upon the amount of iodinated casein in the diet. Graded doses of thyrotrophin provided a linear log dose –response line over the range 0.01 to 0.08 U.S.P. units. The response approached a maximum value at dose levels above 0.16 U.S.P. units. The thyroid gland of the female weanling rat retained, on the average, significantly more radioactive iodine than that of the male weanling rat when stimulated by thyrotrophin. Although the hormonal response was not correlated with the body weight of the rats within dosage groups, more precise assays were obtained by equalizing the total weight of the rats in each dosage group before the assay. Relatively large doses of I131 appeared to have an adverse effect on the precision of the assay but did not influence the response to thyrotrophin.

Building a Fence Around Brain Death: The Shielded-Brain Formulation

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012641
Author(s):  
Douglas J Gelb
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Brain Death ◽  
Determination Of Death ◽  
Clinical Standards ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uniform Law ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
Law Commission ◽  
Current Practices

The concept of brain death was proposed more than 50 years ago and it has been incorporated in laws and clinical practice, but it remains a source of confusion, debate, and litigation. Because of persistent variability in clinical standards and ongoing controversies regarding policies, the Uniform Law Commission (ULC), which drafted the Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA) in 1980, has appointed a committee to study whether the act should be revised. This article reviews the history of the concept of brain death and its philosophical underpinnings, summarizes the objections that have been raised to the prevailing philosophical formulations, and proposes a new formulation that addresses those objections while preserving current practices.

EFFECT OF DESTRUCTION OF THYROID TISSUE BY RADIOACTIVE IODINE ON REPRODUCTION IN MICE

1957 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
HILDA M. BRUCE ◽  
H. A. SLOVITER
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Complete Destruction ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Maternal Thyroid ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Deficient Group

SUMMARY The effect of complete destruction of the thyroid gland by radioactive iodine on reproduction in the female mouse has been examined in detail. Possible direct effects of radiation on reproduction were differentiated from those due to thyroid destruction. Destruction of the thyroid tissue in the male mouse had no effect on fertility. In the thyroid-deficient female both fertility and litter frequency were unaffected, but the oestrous cycle was prolonged and the duration of 46% of gestations was longer than normal. There was a general shift in the distribution of litter size towards small litters in the thyroid-deficient group which reduced the average number of young per litter. Lactation, as judged by the weight of the offspring at weaning, was not affected by complete absence of the maternal thyroid gland. After weaning the growth rate of offspring of either sex from both thyroid-deficient and normal mothers was the same. Although the pituitary glands were enlarged in all the thyroid-deficient animals examined, tumours were not observed.

QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF IODOAMINO ACIDS IN THE THYROID GLAND OF THE PARROT-FISH (SCARUS GUACAMAIA)

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MATTY ◽  
C. C. THORNBURN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Parrot Fish

SUMMARY A quantitative analysis of the iodoamino acids in whole dried parrot-fish thyroid gland was carried out by determination of stable 127I. Mono- and di-iodotyrosine together made up about half of the total iodoamino acids and thyroxine about a third to a half. The tri-iodothyronine content was low, about 5%. The total content of the acids increased with body weight, and there was an indication of a sex difference.

State-by-State Use of AMA Guides

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-7, 16
Keyword(s):  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
The United States ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Federal Employees ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Canadian Provinces

Abstract This article presents a history of the origins and development of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), from the publication of an article titled “A Guide to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment of the Extremities and Back” (1958) until a compendium of thirteen guides was published in book form in 1971. The most recent, sixth edition, appeared in 2008. Over time, the AMA Guides has been widely used by US states for workers’ compensation and also by the Federal Employees Compensation Act, the Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act, as well as by Canadian provinces and other jurisdictions around the world. In the United States, almost twenty states have developed some form of their own impairment rating system, but some have a narrow range and scope and advise evaluators to consult the AMA Guides for a final determination of permanent disability. An evaluator's impairment evaluation report should clearly document the rater's review of prior medical and treatment records, clinical evaluation, analysis of the findings, and a discussion of how the final impairment rating was calculated. The resulting report is the rating physician's expert testimony to help adjudicate the claim. A table shows the edition of the AMA Guides used in each state and the enabling statute/code, with comments.

TUMOURS OF THE HYPOPHYSIS AND THE THYROID IN MICE

1955 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mühlbock
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Thiouracil Derivatives

SUMMARY Hypophyseal tumours in mice develop after prolonged treatment with oestrogens, after injection of radioactive iodine in doses which destroy the thyroid tissue and after prolonged treatment with thiouracil-derivatives. The tumours of the hypophysis only occur in certain strains of mice and hence the genetic constitution is of importance. The origin of this difference between strains has hitherto remained completely obscure. The hypophyseal tumours in mice seen following administration of oestrogens and those observed after destruction of the thyroid gland are morphologically similar. They consist of cells staining blue to varying degrees, and they may thus be termed amphophile tumours. The possible mechanism of development of the hypophyseal tumours has been discussed.

VASCULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THYROXINE

1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
lb Lorenzen
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Hexosamine Content ◽  
Healing Processes

ABSTRACT Biochemical and histological changes in the aortic wall of rabbits were demonstrated following injection of epinephrine and l-thyroxine during 2 weeks. The widespread gross and microscopic changes were accompanied by an increase in hexosamine content and uptake of 35S labeled sodium sulphate, and an increased calcium content, whereas the collagen content, assessed by determination of hydroxyproline, was reduced. Comparison with the effect of epinephrine injections alone showed that thyroxine intensified the damaging effect of epinephrine on the vessel wall and induced more pronounced mucopolysaccharide changes in the aortic wall, presumably acting as a link in the healing processes.

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