ASSAY OF THYROTROPHIN BY THE ACCUMULATION OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE IN THE THYROID OF THE INTACT RAT

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-255
Author(s):  
N. R. Stephenson ◽  
W. P. McKinley ◽  
P. J. Kavanagii
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dosage Group ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Response Line ◽  
Dose Levels

The ability of the thyroid gland of intact weanling rats to collect injected radioactive iodine was diminished by inclusion of a small amount of iodinated casein in the diet. The administration of exogenous thyrotrophin increased the thyroidal uptake of I131 in rats treated in this manner. Both the degree of inhibition of the thyroid and the ability of the animals to differentiate between dosage levels of thyrotrophin were dependent upon the amount of iodinated casein in the diet. Graded doses of thyrotrophin provided a linear log dose –response line over the range 0.01 to 0.08 U.S.P. units. The response approached a maximum value at dose levels above 0.16 U.S.P. units. The thyroid gland of the female weanling rat retained, on the average, significantly more radioactive iodine than that of the male weanling rat when stimulated by thyrotrophin. Although the hormonal response was not correlated with the body weight of the rats within dosage groups, more precise assays were obtained by equalizing the total weight of the rats in each dosage group before the assay. Relatively large doses of I131 appeared to have an adverse effect on the precision of the assay but did not influence the response to thyrotrophin.

ASSAY OF THYROTROPHIN BY THE ACCUMULATION OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE IN THE THYROID OF THE INTACT RAT

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Stephenson ◽  
W. P. McKinley ◽  
P. J. Kavanagii
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dosage Group ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Response Line ◽  
Dose Levels

The ability of the thyroid gland of intact weanling rats to collect injected radioactive iodine was diminished by inclusion of a small amount of iodinated casein in the diet. The administration of exogenous thyrotrophin increased the thyroidal uptake of I131 in rats treated in this manner. Both the degree of inhibition of the thyroid and the ability of the animals to differentiate between dosage levels of thyrotrophin were dependent upon the amount of iodinated casein in the diet. Graded doses of thyrotrophin provided a linear log dose –response line over the range 0.01 to 0.08 U.S.P. units. The response approached a maximum value at dose levels above 0.16 U.S.P. units. The thyroid gland of the female weanling rat retained, on the average, significantly more radioactive iodine than that of the male weanling rat when stimulated by thyrotrophin. Although the hormonal response was not correlated with the body weight of the rats within dosage groups, more precise assays were obtained by equalizing the total weight of the rats in each dosage group before the assay. Relatively large doses of I131 appeared to have an adverse effect on the precision of the assay but did not influence the response to thyrotrophin.

One-generation reproduction toxicity study of Dithane M-45 (mancozeb) and lead acetate

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Várnagy ◽  
P. Budai ◽  
E. Molnár ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Body Weight Increase ◽  
Dose Levels

The reproductive toxicity of lead acetate and of a fungicide formulation (Dithane M-45) containing 80% mancozeb was studied on rats. Lead acetate was applied in the feed in the following dose groups: control, 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 mg/kg of diet. The three treatment groups received, in addition to the above doses of lead acetate, 4,500 mg/kg Dithane M-45 in the diet. The method was based on the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 415 (1981). Clinical symptoms and mortality were not found in the parent generation. The body weight of female animals decreased significantly before the pregnancy period. This tendency was also seen in males after the combination treatment. At the two high dose levels a remarkable body weight increase was seen in the female animals during the lactation period. As a result of treatment, decreased body weight of offspring was measured during the lactation period. No gross pathological changes were seen. Histological examination showed general tubulonephrosis in the experimental animals. It can be established that the administration of Dithane M-45 did not enhance the reproductive toxicity of lead acetate.

scholarly journals Changes in the thyroid gland during the reproductive cycle of the male vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KRISHNA ◽  
K. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Winter Dormancy ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Low Concentration

The aim of present study was to compare the changes in thyroid gland with the reproductive cycle of S. heathi. Thyroid showed marked seasonal variation in weight, quantity of colloid and follicular epithelial height, suggesting the thyroid gland to be inactive during quiescence and winter dormancy and active during the time of recrudescence and breeding similarly to the testicular cycle. Plasma thyroxin (T4) concentration showed a significant seasonal change with high concentration during breeding and post-breeding and low concentration during quiescence. However, the T4 concentration increased from breeding to post-breeding phase, when the testes weight was declining. It is suggested that in S. heathi the positive correlation between thyroid and testicular cycles occurs only during the phases of the reproductive cycle when the body weight and testicular activity are also closely correlated.

THE EFFECT OF THYROID ADMINISTRATION ON THE PANCREATIC AMYLASE ACTIVITY OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AND INTACT RATS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1373-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelaine O. Maykut ◽  
Margaret T. Nishikawara ◽  
R. E. Haist
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Pancreatic Amylase ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Marked Atrophy ◽  
Intact Rats

The administration of desiccated thyroid gland to hypophysectomized rats prevented the marked atrophy of the pancreas which was consistently observed following hypophysectomy. Thyroid feeding at two dose levels led to a significant increase in the pancreatic amylase activity of hypophysectomized rats. This held whether the results were expressed as total activity or were given as activity per unit of body weight, per unit of pancreas, or per mg nitrogen. Except for the activity per unit of body weight, the amylase activity of the thyroid-treated hypophysectomized rats was significantly lower than the amylase activity in untreated, intact controls. In the thyroid-fed, hypophysectomized rats the amylase activity per unit of body weight was not significantly different from that of intact, untreated controls.Thyroid administration in intact rats resulted in a decrease in the pancreatic amylase activity.

Testicular and spermatotoxic effect of nitrate in mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Pant ◽  
SP Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Dose Levels

A study was conducted with nitrate to assess the testicular and spermatotoxic effects in mice at doses to which human beings are exposed as well as at higher dose levels in the drinking water. Potassium nitrate was administered to mice at dose levels 90, 200, 500, 700 and 900 ppm for 35 days. There was no difference in the uptake of water in control and treated animals. The amount of nitrate intake// mouse///day calculated on the basis of water intake in the different groups ranged from 22.5 to 27, 50 to 60, 125 to 150, 175 to 210 and 225 to 270 mg///kg body weight. No changes were evident in the body weight, testicular, epididymal and accessory organ weight at all the dose levels tested, although a decline in sperm count and sperm motility along with an increase in abnormal sperm was noticed at 900 ppm. The activity of marker testicular enzymes, mainly 17-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17-β HSD) and figlutamyl transpeptidase (fi-GT), associated with specific cell types were altered. Histopathological changes including atrophy and disturbed spermatogenesis were observed only at the 900-ppm dose level. In conclusion, we can say that the testicular and spermatotoxic effects are observed only at the highest dose level, which is not likely to be encountered in the drinking water.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF SMALL DOSES OF THE HERBICIDE 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID ON THE BODY WEIGHT OF ANIMALS UNDER THE DIET WITH NORMAL OR HIGH CALORIE

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-288
Author(s):  
D. S. Karmanova ◽  
L. A. Chesnokova ◽  
S. I. Krasikov
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
High Calorie

There was studied the effect of 6-weeks intake of small doses of the herbicide 2,4-DA on the body weight of animals. The consumption of water containing the herbicide in a concentration of 0.5 MPC was shown to have led to the greater gain of the body weight in experimental rats in comparison with the control. Simultaneously there was noted the gain of the mass of epididymal fat and increase in the concentration of leptin. This effect was more pronounced in rats treated with 2,4-DA, under the diet with high caloric content. The results obtained are likely to be associated with the disrupting action of the herbicide, leading, in particular, to the disturbance of the regulatory function of the thyroid gland and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Distribution and Excretion of BisGMA in Guinea Pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.X. Reichl ◽  
M. Seiss ◽  
N. Kleinsasser ◽  
K. Kehe ◽  
K.H. Kunzelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urine Level ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Adjusted Dose

Bisphenol-A-glycidyldimethacrylate (BisGMA) is used in many resin-based dental materials. It was shown in vitro that BisGMA was released into the adjacent biophase from such materials during the first days after placement. In this study, the uptake, distribution, and excretion of [14C]BisGMA applied via gastric and intravenous administration (at dose levels well above those encountered in dental care) were examined in vivo in guinea pigs to test the hypothesis that BisGMA reaches cytotoxic levels in mammalian tissues. [14C]BisGMA was taken up rapidly from the stomach and intestine after gastric administration and was widely distributed in the body following administration by each route. Most [14C] was excreted within one day as 14CO2. The peak equivalent BisGMA levels in guinea pig tissues examined were at least 1000-fold less than known toxic levels. The peak urine level in guinea pigs that received well in excess of the body-weight-adjusted dose expected in humans was also below known toxic levels. The study therefore did not support the hypothesis.

From the history of treatment of thyrotoxicosis with radioactive iodine in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-54
Author(s):  
V. V. Fadeev ◽  
N. D. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Domestic Literature ◽  
Complete Destruction ◽  
History Of

The quantitative determination of the content of radioactive iodine in the urine for the evaluation of the functional state of the thyroid gland was first introduced into clinical practice by J. Hamilton in 1939, and in 1942 he developed a method for determining the content of radioactive iodine directly in the thyroid gland, and in the same year reported experiment on a dog who was injected with a large dose (300 μCi per 1 g of body weight) of radioactive 1311, which caused complete destruction of the thyroid gland with complete replacement of its structure with connective tissue with complete safety araschitovidnyh glands. By 1950, there were already many works devoted to this topic. In the mid-50s, such works began to appear in Russia. Among them, one can note the research of M. N. Fateeva (1953), V. K. Modestov (1958), A. 3. Tsfasman (1961), P. I. Egorov (1961), N M. Draznina (1961) and others, but this problem is most fully reflected in the domestic literature in the writings of prof. V. G. Spesivtseva [1-3].

scholarly journals Treatment of human brucellosis with doxycycline and gentamicin.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Solera ◽  
A Espinosa ◽  
E Martínez-Alfaro ◽  
L Sánchez ◽  
P Geijo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Doxycycline Treatment ◽  
Relapse Rates

The objective of the present prospective, noncomparative, multicenter study was assess the safety and efficacy of gentamicin and doxycycline therapy for human brucellosis. In the first part of the study, a cohort of 17 patients received 100 mg of doxycycline (or 50 mg/kg of body weight per day if the body weight was < 40 kg) orally every 12 h for 45 days (cohort 1). In the second part of the study a subsequent cohort of 35 patients was treated with doxycycline at the same dosage for 30 days (cohort 2). All patients were treated intramuscularly with gentamicin at 240 mg (or 5 mg/kg per day if the body weight was < 50 kg) once daily for the first 7 days. Both cohorts showed a favorable response during therapy, and there were no therapeutic failures. Relapse was noted in 1 (5.9%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.15 to 28.7%) of the 17 patients in cohort 1 and in 8 (22.9%; 95% CI, 10.4 to 40.1%) of the 35 patients in cohort 2. Nineteen patients (36.5%; 95% CI, 23.6 to 51.0%) had adverse effects, with no differences between cohorts, and no patients had a treatment-limiting adverse effect. The study indicates that the combination of doxycycline for 45 days and gentamicin for 7 days is an effective and well-tolerated therapy for human brucellosis. The relapse rates obtained with doxycycline treatment for 30 days appear to be higher than those obtained with doxycycline treatment for 45 days.

scholarly journals A study of some physiological aspects in mature male rabbits after oral administration of Citrullus colocynthis

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
Saad S. Al-Dujaily
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Hormone Level ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
The Body ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Control Groups

The goal of this study is to determine the effect of Citrullus colocynthis (CC) fruit (bitter apple) on some physiological aspects; the body weight, hematological parameters and the function of thyroid gland of male rabbits as a model for mammals. Two experiments were accomplished on sixty mature male rabbits that equally (30 animals in each experiment) and randomly divided into six groups each one contains five animals. In the experiment No.1 and experiment No.2 , independently, three groups were considered as treated groups in each experiment ( represented as T1, T2 and T3 groups ) and daily orally administrated low dose of CC (4.8mg/Kg/day, experiment No.1) for three groups in experiment No.1 and double dose of CC extract (9.6mg /Kg /day , experiment No.2) for 2, 4 and 8 weeks for the three groups in experimentNo.2,respectively. The other three groups in each experiment were considered as control (C1, C2 and C3 groups, respectively) groups were given orally distilled water (DW) at the same periods of treated groups. Different hematological parameters and thyroid hormones were studied. There was a significant (P<0.05) increase in the body weight gaining, with no significant changes in RBCs, WBCs, and Hb concentration through the first two weeks in all the treated rabbits compared to before treatment and control groups. Results of this study revealed that all the groups showed a significant (P<0.05) increased in the serum triiodothyronine hormone level and a decrease in the serum thyroxin hormone level of the thyroid gland when both doses were orally administrated through different periods of treatment compared to control groups. It is concluded that low dose of CC treatment has an advantageous physiological effect on the body weight and triiodothyronine hormone with no changes in certain hematological parameters through first two weeks .The significant differences that found following 4 and 8 weeks of CC treatment were within physiological normal level, and accordingly with the dose and treatment periods in rabbits.

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