scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATIC CHANGE ON GLACIAL, PROGLACIAL AND PARAGLACIAL SYSTEM AT COLLINS GLACIER, KING GEORGE ISLAND, ANTARCTICA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Petsch ◽  
Kátia Kellem Kellem da Rosa ◽  
Rosemary Vieira ◽  
Matthias Holger Braun ◽  
Rafaela Mattos Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Change ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Future Scenario ◽  
Melt Index ◽  
Geomorphological Mapping ◽  
Index Model ◽  
The Future ◽  
Scenario Model ◽  
The Impact

The analysis of glacial and ice-marginal system may contribute to understanding the impact of climatic change. The aim of this study is to investigate changes in glacial, proglacial and paraglacial system in response to the Collins glacier retreat, between the Little Ice Age (LIA) and 2070. Glacial geomorphological mapping reveals landforms that are diagnostic of terrestrial-terminating glacier former during LIA. Glacial and the proglacial systems were mapping to evaluate the ice-marginal evolution. The field measurement, satellite imagery, granulometric and morphoscopic sedimentary analysis and geomorphological data are analyzed. The Collins glacier surface topography has been surveyed by DGNSS during 11 years (1997/98-2008/09) and for glacier area estimation in 2030, 2050 and 2070 CE. The Collins glacier loss 1.4 km² in the period LIA-2018. Under an atmospheric warming scenario, using temperature melt index model the glacier will lose approximately 5% of its total area until 2030 (0.90 km²), 21% (3.60 km²) by 2050, and 35% (5.90 km²) by 2070 CE. Four sectors in the proglacial zone are identified: Sector 1 displays changes on the front of the glacier since the LIA, a push moraine in only one sector, presence of flutings and moraines of recession. Sector 2 showed shrinkage around 100 meters in the period LIA-2018, presenting recessional and push moraines of about 10 meters of height. Sector 3 showed 350 meters of the shrinkage since the LIA, and recessional moraines, and absence of the push moraines. Sector 4, showed 1500 meters of the shrinkage since the LIA, a push moraine of about 12 meters high. This behavior that occurs since the LIA, allows to validate the future scenario model. The ice-free areas could expand 1,4 km² by the end 2070 decade, if considered since LIA. However, it should be noted that if the glacier continues to retreat, the system will be subject to hydrological and sedimentary readjustments at various stages in the future.

Greenland fjord productivity under climate change - multiproxy late-Holocene records from two contrasting fjord systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bang Kvorning ◽  
Tania Beate Thomsen ◽  
Mimmi Oksman ◽  
Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz ◽  
Christof Pearce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Dinoflagellate Cyst ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

<p>The Greenland Ice Sheet has been losing mass at an increasing rate over the past decades due to atmospheric and oceanic warming. As a result, freshwater discharge from the Greenland Ice sheet has doubled in the last two decades and is expected to strongly increase in the future, with a large impact on the functioning of coastal marine ecosystems. While glacier runoff delivers nutrients and labile carbon into the fjords, an increase in sediment inputs is expected to have a negative impact in primary productivity, due to increased turbidity and subsequent reduction in available light for photosynthesis. Bridging modern satellite, historical and paleo-records is a key approach, as our capacity to project future scenarios requires an understanding of long-term dynamics, and insight into past warm(er) climate periods that may serve as analogues for the future. We will present results from a master’s project developed within the framework of project GreenShift: Greenland fjord productivity under climate change. Two high-resolution sediment core records from two contrasting fjord systems in NE and SW Greenland were analysed to assess the impact of Greenland Ice Sheet melt on sediment fluxes and primary productivity, focusing on the time period from the Little Ice Age until present. The overall goal of this work is to gain a better understanding of the possible linkages between GIS melt and productivity in Greenland fjord systems, with a view to improve future projections. We followed a multiproxy approach including grain-size distribution, organic carbon and biogenic silica fluxes; and dinoflagellate cyst analyses. Our preliminary results show an overall trend towards sea-surface freshening in recent decades for both fjords influenced by land-terminating (NE) and marine-terminating (SW) glaciers, alongside with important differences both in terms of sedimentary organic composition and dinoflagellate cyst assemblages.  </p>

Economic loss due to flooding in Europe at 1.5°C global warming

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximiliano Sassi ◽  
Carlotta Scudeler ◽  
Ludovico Nicotina ◽  
Anongnart Assteerawatt ◽  
Arno Hilberts
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Flood Routing ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Future Scenario ◽  
Loss Model ◽  
Future Global Warming ◽  
Flood Loss ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

<p>We study the impact of climate change on European flood economic losses under 1.5°C global warming scenario. Climate scenarios were generated with the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM) version 5 under the protocols of the Half a degree Additional warming, Prognosis and Projected Impacts (HAPPI) experiment. Present climate scenario corresponding to the years 2006-2015 includes observed forcing conditions for sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea-ice cover. The future 1.5°C scenario was constructed following SST warming according to the response to the RCP2.6 in CMIP5 model simulations. Each scenario comprises five 10-year long simulations that differ in the initial weather state. For each scenario we generated a 1000 years long stochastic set of precipitation based on the main modes of variability of gridded precipitation data through Principal Component Analysis applied to the monthly precipitation fields of the combined 50 simulated years. The other variables were obtained through an analogue month approach. Stochastic monthly fields were subsequently disaggregated in space and time to 3-hourly, 6 km resolution grids, and these were finally fed to a well-calibrated flood-loss model. The flood-loss model comprises a rainfall-runoff component, a flood routing scheme, an inundation component and a financial module that integrates flood hazard, buildings vulnerability, and economic exposure at location level. Prior to model evaluation, the stochastic meteorological forcing was bias-corrected with the stochastic set (based on observations) employed in the construction and calibration of the flood-loss model. The method for bias-correction preserves the ratio of quantiles of the future scenario to the present and preserves the correlation structure of the forcing variables. Average annual loss for Europe with the current-climate scenario generated by CAM is within 10-15% of the current industry estimate (based on observations), which suggests the applicability of the proposed approach. For the future scenario the model suggests a significant increase in loss (> 4 times) with respect to the present, which is in line with other studies for similar future global warming pathways.</p>

scholarly journals Climatic warming, glacier recession and runoff from Alpine basins after the Little Ice Age maximum

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Climatic Warming ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Glacier Recession ◽  
Warming Period ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

AbstractRecords of discharge of rivers draining Alpine basins with between 0 and ~70% ice cover, in the upper Aare and Rhône catchments, Switzerland, for the period 1894–2006 have been examined together with climatic data for 1866–2006, with a view to assessing the effects on runoff from glacierized basins of climatic warming coupled with glacier recession following the Little Ice Age maximum. Annual runoff from ice-free basins reflects precipitation variations, rising from minima between 1880 and 1910 to maxima between the late 1960s and early 1980s. The more highly glacierized the basin, the more runoff mimicked mean May–September air temperature during two periods of warming. Runoff increased gradually from the 1900s, rapidly in the 1940s, before decreasing to the late 1970s. Rising runoff levels during the second warming period failed to exceed those attained during the first, despite higher summer temperatures. Although temperatures continued to rise, discharge from glacierized basins declined after reaching maxima in the late 1980s to early 1990s. In the first warming period, rising specific melt rates augmented by increasing precipitation opposed the impact of declining glacier area on runoff. Although melt continued to increase in the second period, enhanced melting (even in the exceptionally warm summer of 2003) appears to have been insufficient to offset reducing glacier surface area exposed to melt, low or reducing levels of precipitation, and increasing evaporation. Thus runoff from glacierized basins peaked in the late 1940s to early 1950s.

Pengaruh Budaya Terhadap Akuntansi, Auditing Dan Praktik Akuntansi Internasional

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-95
Author(s):  
Priyastiwi Priyastiwi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
National Level ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Financial Disclosure ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this article is to provide the basic model of Hofstede and Grays’ cultural values that relates the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and Gray‘s accounting value. This article reviews some studies that prove the model and develop the research in the future. There are some evidences that link the Hofstede’s cultural values studies with the auditor’s judgment and decisions by developing a framework that categorizes the auditor’s judgments and decisions are most likely influenced by cross-cultural differences. The categories include risk assessment, risk decisions and ethical judgments. Understanding the impact of cultural factors on the practice of accounting and financial disclosure is important to achieve the harmonization of international accounting. Deep understanding about how the local values may affect the accounting practices and their impacts on the financial disclosure are important to ensure the international comparability of financial reporting. Gray’s framework (1988) expects how the culture may affect accounting practices at the national level. One area of the future studies will examine the impact of cultural dimensions to the values of accounting, auditing and decision making. Key word : Motivation, leadership style, job satisfaction, performance

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