On the Implications of Creating Knowledge in Imperial Russia The Ethnographic Conceptualization of the Caucasus in the Mid-Nineteenth Century

2018 ◽  
pp. 91-122
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Imperial Russia

Literary identity and social structure of the imperial period

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kahn ◽  
Mark Lipovetsky ◽  
Irina Reyfman ◽  
Stephanie Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Literary Identity ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Village

The chapter explores how works of literature in the nineteenth century increasingly mapped the complex social structure of imperial Russia. It explains why social class and group identity features so prominently in the representation of characters in nineteenth-century Russian literature. The chapter demonstrates that different types of space, such as the capitals (St. Petersburg and Moscow), the village, or the estate, have specific cultural associations in literature. It discusses the phenomenon of the Petersburg mythology and the genre of Petersburg fiction, examines the provincial spaces as presented by Gogol and Chekhov, and colonial spaces such as the Caucasus as portrayed by Tolstoy.

Reflective Colonization: Domination, Consent, and the Self in Imperial Russia

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Fournier
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Self ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Russian Politics ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Historical Periods

Historians have pointed out that as a terrestrial rather than an overseas empire, the Russian empire has had to grapple with a blurry boundary between imperial center and periphery. Ektind goes a step further to show that the Russian empire was the stage for intensive colonization of the imperial core itself and the attendant processes of self-orientalization and self-alienation. The review identifies and explores three dimensions of the process of internal colonization. In the first, colonization by consent, Russian historical writers’ interpretations of the origins of the state in terms of consent to (foreign) domination are contextualized by drawing on colonizers’ fantasy of consent across contexts and historical periods, and by pointing to resistance as an important aspect of the relation between Russian imperial elites and the colonized. The second dimension is the idea of colonizing “one’s own,” whereby elites not only coerced people of the imperial core into various practices, but also viewed them through an orientalizing lens, and this, from the beginnings of serfdom through the nineteenth-century populists’ efforts at rapprochement (the perceived divide between rulers and ruled is, it is argued, still salient in Russian politics). The last dimension, strangers to ourselves, deals with the “splitting of the self” from a postcolonial studies perspective but it is pointed out that the use of psychoanalytic frameworks and literary theory may reproduce orientalist interpretations of the Russian imperial self. Instead, it is argued that self-orientalizing discourses in the Russian context may serve to divert attention away from one’s actual power.

Serfs, slaves, or wage earners? The legal status of labour in Russia from a comparative perspective, from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Stanziani
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
The West ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Wage Earners

AbstractComparative analyses of labour in Russia and the West often assume a dividing line between free and forced labour that is universally applicable. The first aim of this article is to show that, in Russia, the historical and institutional definition of serfdom poses a problem. I will therefore explore Russian legislation, and how it was applied, from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century. Contrary to generally accepted arguments, serfdom as such was never clearly introduced institutionally in Russia. I will also discuss the presence of slaves in Russia, and the association between certain forms of servitude (especially for debt) and slavery. The presence of chattel slaves in the empire was related to territorial expansion, and to commercial relations with the Caucasus and the Ottoman Empire. Russian forms of bondage are compared to those in other situations, such as indentured service in the West, debt servitude in India, and Islamic slavery. My conclusion is that, not only in Russia but also around the globe, the prevailing forms of labour were not those familiar to us today, which were not introduced until the early twentieth century. Russia constituted an extreme case in a world in which severe constraints were imposed everywhere on labour and its movement, and the legal status of the wage earner and the peasant was lower than that of the master.

Russia and the Eastern Question

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Bitis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Eastern Question ◽  
Book Covers ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Military ◽  
European Diplomacy

This book covers one of the most important and persistent problems in nineteenth-century European diplomacy, the Eastern Question. The Eastern Question was essentially shorthand for comprehending the international consequences caused by the gradual and apparently terminal decline of the Ottoman Empire in Europe. This volume examines the military and diplomatic policies of Russia as it struggled with the Ottoman Empire for influence in the Balkans and the Caucasus. The book is based on extensive use of Russian archive sources and it makes a contribution to our understanding of issues such as the development of Russian military thought, the origins and conduct of the 1828–1829 Russo-Turkish War, the origins and conduct of the 1826–1828 Russo-Persian War and the Treaty of Adrianople. The book also considers issues such as the Russian army's use of Balkan irregulars, the reform of the Danubian Principalities (1829 –1834), the ideas of the ‘Russian Party’ and Russian public opinion toward the Eastern Question.

scholarly journals Onomastic material in the description of the Caucasus by Józef Chodźko – a nineteenth-century Polish scholar and surveyor

Onomastica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-353
Author(s):  
Ewa Siemieniec-Gołaś
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Caucasus

Józef Chodźko (1800-1881) był jednym z pierwszych badaczy Kaukazu, a także doświadczonym polskim geodetą i kartografem, który dokonał pomiarów Zakaukazia i Kaukazu. Zastosowana przez niego metoda triangulacji Kaukazu miała wielki wpływ na rozwój kartografii tego regionu świata. W czasie prowadzonych na Kaukazie pomiarów Chodźko opisywał zarówno przebieg samej triangulacji jak i też miejsc, w których przebywał. Ta rękopiśmienna relacja nosi tytuł “Orografia Kaukazu Józefa Chodźki”. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na wielowymiarową wartość rękopiśmiennego dzieła Józefa Chodźki. Praktycznie nieznana praca polskiego badacza Kaukazu zawiera nie tylko cenne opisy geografii Kaukazu i Zakaukazia, ale kryje w sobie cenny materiał onomastyczny, który może zainteresować lingwistów zajmujących się historią i etymologią nazw geograficznych tego regionu. Materiał onomastyczny opisywanego dzieła tworzą oronimy, hydronimy, makro- i mikrotoponimy, a także nazwy różnych obiektów, które umieścił autor w swojej relacji. Pod względem etymologicznym słownictwo to reprezentuje różne rodziny językowe, m.in.: ałtajską, indoeuropejską, kaukaską. W niniejszym artykule, jako próbkę materiału onomastycznego podano odnotowane przez Chodźkę nazwy geograficzne, prawdopodobnie turkijskiego pochodzenia. Niewątpliwie, “Orografia Kaukazu Józefa Chodźki”, ze względu na zgromadzony tam materiał onomastyczny powinna zainteresować lingwistów jako że stanowi cenne źródło do badań w zakresie historii, a także etymologii nazw geograficznych regionu Kaukazu.

Mikhail Vorontsov’s Statue and Russian Imperial Representation in the South Caucasus in the Mid-Nineteenth Century

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-180
Author(s):  
Hubertus F. Jahn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Private Initiative ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
The Russian Empire

This article explores representations of the Russian empire in the Caucasus in the nineteenth century. It focuses on the monument of Viceroy Mikhail Vorontsov, which was unveiled in Tiflis in 1867. Questions of imperial aesthetics, symbolic meaning, urban space, and mental maps among the Russian elites are discussed, as are contemporary interpretations of Russo-Georgian relations. It will be shown that the Russian empire did not have a master plan for the representation and the popularization of imperial power in its borderlands and that much was left to local and private initiative.

Prince Adam Czartoryski as a liminal figure in the development of modern nationalism in Eastern Europe at the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-669
Author(s):  
Paul Brykczynski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

In Polish history, Prince Adam Czartoryski is almost universally regarded as one of the most important Polish statesmen and patriots of the first half of the nineteenth century. In Russian history, on the other hand, he is remembered chiefly as the Foreign Minister of the Russian Empire, and a close personal friend of Tsar Alexander I. How did Czartoryski reconcile his commitment to the Polish nation with his service to the Russian Empire (a state which occupied most of Poland)? This paper will attempt to place Prince Adam's friendship with Alexander, and his service to Imperial Russia, in the broader context of national identity formation in early nineteenth-century eastern Europe. It will be argued that the idea of finding a workable relationship between Poland and Russia, even within the framework of a single state for a “Slavic nation,” was an important and forgotten feature of Polish political thought at the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. By answering the question of precisely how Czartoryski was able to negotiate between the identities of a “Polish patriot” and “Russian statesman,” the paper will shed light on the broader development of national identity in early nineteenth-century Poland and Russia.

scholarly journals Exile as Imperial Practice: Western Siberia and the Russian Empire, 1879–1900

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (S26) ◽  
pp. 131-150
Author(s):  
Zhanna Popova
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Prison Reform ◽  
Local Dimension ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Governance Practice ◽  
The Russian Empire

AbstractMore than 800,000 people were exiled to Siberia during the nineteenth century. Exile was a complex administrative arrangement that involved differentiated flows of exiles and, in the view of the central authorities, contributed to the colonization of Siberia. This article adopts the “perspective from the colonies” and analyses the local dimension of exile to Siberia. First, it underscores the conflicted nature of the practice by highlighting the agency of the local administrators and the multitude of tensions and negotiations that the maintenance of exile involved. Secondly, by focusing on the example of the penal site of Tobolsk, where exile and imprisonment overlapped, I will elucidate the uneasy relationship between those two penal practices during Russian prison reform. In doing so, I will re-evaluate the position of exile in relation to both penal and governance practice in Imperial Russia.

scholarly journals Folklore as sublimation of «soul dialectic» in understanding the stranger («Hadji Murad» by L.N. Tolstoy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-B) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Khaibullina Angelina Airatovna ◽  
Rinat Ferganovich Bekmetov ◽  
Ilsever Rami ◽  
Ildar Shaikhenurovich Yunusov
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Anna Karenina ◽  
Classical Expression ◽  
Inner World ◽  
The Stranger

  In fact, in the works of L.N. Tolstoy has the best examples of the application of the "dialectic of the soul" to a person of a certain social origin ("Landowner's Morning"), a person of another sex (parting episode in "Anna Karenina"), even a horse ("Screen meter"). However, the understanding of a person of another religion, of another nationality ended up being perhaps the most difficult task. And even in Hadji Murad, the "dialectic of the soul" in its classical expression, when understanding a person, has no other ethnic-confessional culture. Using specific textual examples, we show the possibilities of the Caucasus folk system to describe the protagonist's inner world, understanding the basic meanings of his acts of life. Thus, "Hadji Murad" made a major breakthrough in the psychological portrait of a person of a different national, cultural and religious affiliation, which can hardly be compared to any work of other writers of the nineteenth century.  

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