scholarly journals Accumulation of macronutrients in cowpea and weeds in competition and under soil water deficit

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Sarmento de Oliveira ◽  
Erivanessa Costa Sousa Sarmento ◽  
Jeferson Luiz Dallabona Dombroski ◽  
Daniel Valadão Silva ◽  
Claudia Daianny Melo Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Extraction

The ability of a plant species to succeed in colonization of agroecosystem depends on its efficiency in the use of growth resources even in deficient conditions. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of competition and water deficit in the soil on the accumulation of macronutrients of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp., Commelina benghalensis L. and Waltheria indica L. The study was conducted in a greenhouse, in randomized block design, with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a 5 × 2 factorial, with the first factor corresponding to types of interaction among species (V. unguiculata + C. benghalensis; V. unguiculata + W. indica; V. unguiculata in monoculture, C. benghalensis in monoculture and W. indica in monoculture), and the second of water regimes (irrigated and water deficit). The water deficit differently affects macronutrient content on the species, with decreased of K, Ca and Mg in cowpea, and N, P, K and Ca in W. indica. For C. benghalensis, the water deficit does not reduce the macronutrient contents on the plant. The competition between plants intensifies the effects of water deficit only on C. benghalensis, with a decreased on the content of all macronutrients studied. Under irrigated conditions, competition between plants was more damaging the weeds compared to cowpea. The C. benghalensis specie, free from interference, has a high potential for nutrient extraction under irrigated and water deficit regimes.

scholarly journals ESTRATÉGIAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO COM DÉFICIT HÍDRICO NOS ESTÁDIOS FENOLÓGICOS DO FEIJÃO-CAUPI SOB ADUBAÇÃO POTÁSSICA

Irriga ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares ◽  
Thamara Layse Freitas Medeiros ◽  
Victoria Cristina Gomes Colman ◽  
Irlan Victor de Sousa Palmeira ◽  
Idelvan José da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Management Of Resources ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
E Mail

ESTRATÉGIAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO COM DÉFICIT HÍDRICO NOS ESTÁDIOS FENOLÓGICOS DO FEIJÃO-CAUPI SOB ADUBAÇÃO POTÁSSICA     LAURIANE ALMEIDA DOS ANJOS SOARES1; THAMARA LAYSE FREITAS MEDEIROS2; VICTORIA CRISTINA GOMES COLMAN3; IRLAN VICTOR DE SOUSA PALMEIRA4; IDELVAN JOSÉ DA SILVA5 E ROMULO CARANTINO LUCENA MOREIRA6   1 Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, UFCG, Rua Jario Vieira Feitosa, 1770, Bairro dos Pereiros, Pombal, PB, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, UFCG, Rua Jario Vieira Feitosa, 1770, Bairro dos Pereiros, Pombal, PB, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, UFCG, Rua Jario Vieira Feitosa, 1770, Bairro dos Pereiros, Pombal, PB, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, UFCG, Rua Jario Vieira Feitosa, 1770, Bairro dos Pereiros, Pombal, PB, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5 Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, UFCG, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 -Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 6 Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, UFCG, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 -Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   Palavras-chave: Vigna unguiculata L., tolerância à seca, nutrição mineral     SOARES, L. A. dos A.; MEDEIROS, T. L. F.; COLMAN, V. C. G.; PALMEIRA, I. V. de S.; SILVA, I. J. da; MOREIRA, R. C. L. IRRIGATION STRATEGIES WITH WATER DEFICIT IN THE PHENOLOGICAL STAGES OF THE COWPEA UNDER POTASSIC FERTILIZATION     2 ABSTRACT   In semi-arid regions, water deficiency is the main environmental factor that influences the yield of plants, in these regions the proper management of resources is essential in order to guarantee the sustainability of the production system. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the morphology and phytomass partition of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), to cultivate BRS Marataoã, when submitted to water deficit management strategies in different phenological stages of the crop and fertilization doses potassium. A randomized block design was used, in a 5 x 5 factorial scheme, with three replications, with the treatments being defined according to the five potassium fertilization doses (50, 75, 100, 125, and 150% of K2O) associated with five water deficit management strategies at the different phenological stages of the crop. The application of water deficit associated with potassium doses favored the growth and accumulation of phytomass in the flowering phase. Increasing doses of potassium when associated with water deficit in the flowering and fruiting stages compromise the number of pods and pod length. In the early stages of the development of cowpea, irrigation with water deficit can be applied without significant losses in the production components.   Keywords: Vigna unguiculata L., drought tolerance, mineral nutrition

scholarly journals Effects of glycine betaine on plant growth and performance of Medicago sativa and Vigna unguiculata under water deficit conditions

1970 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hanan Kamal Khadouri ◽  
Karthishwaran Kandhan ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Salem
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Managing water consumption of the crops is one of the strategies which have been adopted locally and worldwide in current trends of sustainable agriculture. In addition to the low level of water resources in UAE because of the rare precipitation, no fresh, free-flowing water, rivers, lakes or streams. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of exogenous Glycine Betaine (GB) on Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) within different levels of drought stress. A pot experiment was designed on a completely randomized block design (CRBD) with three replicates. Exogenous GB was applied as a foliar spray in three levels (0,100 and 200 ppm) five times with five days intervals. Drought stress starts within the second GB treatment in three levels (24h: 100% well-watered), (48h: 60% water deficit) and (72h: 40% water deficit) depending on the required quantity. Growth characteristics, pigment concentrations, biochemical content and Mineral nutrients levels were measured in response to the treatment variables. Results showed that the GB has a significant increment in Growth parameters, biochemical contents, and Mineral nutrients concentrations. The results of the present investigation suggested that the exogenous application of GB was improved the drought tolerance in Cowpea and has enhanced the Alfalfa performance under drought stress in both concentrations 100 and 200 ppm under drought stress of 60% of irrigations water.  In due of comparison of Cowpea and Alfalfa, it’s found from this study that GB has a better effect on the Cowpea under drought stress than Alfalfa.

scholarly journals Effect of Foliar Application of Methanol on Changes of Antioxidant Enzymes of Vigna unguiculata L. in Water-Deficit Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliakbar Saneienejad ◽  
Mahmood Tohidi ◽  
Behnam Habibi Khaniani ◽  
Mehdi Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Methanol Treatment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Plot Design

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar application of methanol on the activity of antioxidant enzymes of Vigna unguiculata L. in water-deficit stress conditions. The trials were performed in a split plot design arranged in completely randomized block design with three replications in two years cultivation (2017 and 2018). Water-deficit stress treatments were considered in the main plots in four levels (25, 50, 75 and 100% of plant water requirement) and combined foliar application of methanol treatment in three levels (control, 10 and 20% vol.), and genotype treatment in two cultivars of Omidbakhsh 1057 and Mashhad in sub plots. The results showed that the effect of water-deficit stress and foliar application of methanol on the activity of antioxidant enzymes were significant (P £ 0.01). The effect of genotype on the activity of ascorbate peroxidase was just significant (P £ 0.01).

Relation of Soil Water Deficit, Involved by Precipitation and Corn Yield on Vinkovci Area (Eastern Croatia)

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
M. Jurišić ◽  
Ž. Vidaček ◽  
Ž. Bukvić ◽  
D. Brkić ◽  
R. Emert
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Soil Water Deficit

Water use by winter wheat as affected by soil management

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Goss ◽  
K. R. Howse ◽  
Judith M. Vaughan-Williams ◽  
M. A. Ward ◽  
W. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Maximum Depth ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Potential Yield

SummaryIn each of the years from September 1977 to July 1982 winter wheat was grown on one or more of three clay soil sites (clay content 35–55%) in Oxfordshire where the climate is close to the average for the area of England growing winter cereals.The effects on crop water use of different soil management practices, including ploughing, direct drilling and subsoil drainage, are compared. Cultivation treatment had little effect on the maximum depth of water extraction, which on average in these clay soils was 1·54 m below the soil surface. Maximum soil water deficit was also little affected by cultivation; the maximum recorded value was 186±7·6 mm. Subsoil drainage increased the maximum depth of water extraction by approximately 15 cm and the maximum soil water deficit by about 17 mm.Generally soil management had little effect on either total water use by the crop which was found to be close to the potential evaporation estimated by the method of Penman, or water use efficiency which for these crops was about 52 kg/ha par mm water used.Results are discussed in relation to limitations to potential yield.

The Effect of Dry Pegging Zone Soil on Pod Formation of Florunner Peanut1

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Sexton ◽  
J. M. Bennett ◽  
K. J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Pod Development

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) fruit growth is sensitive to surface soil (0-5 cm) conditions due to its subterranean fruiting habit. This study was conducted to determine the effect of soil water content in the pegging zone (0-5 cm) on peanut pod growth rate and development. A pegging-pan-root-tube apparatus was used to separately control soil water content in the pegging and root zone for greenhouse trials. A field study also was conducted using portable rainout shelters to create a soil water deficit. Pod phenology, pod and seed growth rates, and final pod and seed dry weights were determined. In greenhouse studies, dry pegging zone soil delayed pod and seed development. In the field, soil water deficits in the pegging and root zone decreased pod and seed growth rates by approximately 30% and decreased weight per seed from 563 to 428 mg. Pegs initiating growth during drought stress demonstrated an ability to suspend development during the period of soil water deficit and to re-initiate pod development after the drought stress was relieved.

scholarly journals Increased Tolerance of Citrus (Citrus tangerina) Seedlings to Soil Water Deficit after Mycorrhizal Inoculation: Changes in Antioxidant Enzyme Defense System

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu-Dan NI ◽  
Ying-Ning ZOU ◽  
Qiang-Sheng WU ◽  
Yong-Ming HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance tolerance of plants to soil water deficit, whereas morphological observations of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme system are poorly studied. The present study thereby evaluated temporal variations of the antioxidant enzyme system in citrus (Citrus tangerina) seedlings colonized by Glomus etunicatum and G. mosseae over a 12-day period of soil drying. Root colonization by G. etunicatum and G. mosseae decreased with soil drying days from 32.0 to 1.0% and 50.1 to 4.5% in 0-day to 12-day, respectively. Compared to the non-AM controls, the AMF colonized plants had significantly lower tissue (both leaves and roots) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion radical (O2•–) concentrations during soil water deficit, whereas 1.03–1.92, 1.25–1.84 and 1.18–1.69 times higher enzyme activity in superoxide dismutase, peroxidase (POD) and catalase. In situ leaf H2O2 and root POD location also showed that AM seedlings had less leaf H2O2 but higher root POD accumulation. Furthermore, significantly higher root infection and antioxidant enzymatic activities in plants colonized with G. mosseae expressed than with G. etunicatum during the soil drying. These results demonstrated that the AMs could confer greater tolerance of citrus seedlings to soil water deficit through an enhancement in their antioxidant enzyme defence system whilst an decrease level in H2O2 and O2•–.

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