scholarly journals Influence of the amount of food resources in the foraging behavior of Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Sampaio de Souza ◽  
Vinícius Siqueira Gazal ◽  
Elen De Lima Aguiar-Menezes ◽  
Vinicius José Fernandes ◽  
Aline Machado Leite-Mayerhofer
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Food Scarcity ◽  
Nasutitermes Corniger ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recruitment Behavior ◽  
Mass Recruitment ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Food scarcity or abundance are factors regulating termites’ foraging behavior in general. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the influence of four amounts of Eucalyptus grandis on foraging behavior events shown by worker and soldier of Nasutitermes corniger during laboratory tests. The tests were carried out with adult and active N. corniger colonies found in nests collected in the field, which were stored in glass cubes connected to the test arenas. Four different amounts of wood blocks were used in the tests and each amount concerned a treatment and defined a different experimental group: 1, 2, 3 and 4 blocks/arenas, with 5 repetitions. Each test lasted 60 minutes and consisted in observing, or not, the occurrence of behavioral events shown by foragers when they had contact with the treatment. The duration of each event was recorded, whenever it was observed. The number of recruited foragers and the number of workers consuming the blocks were recorded at the end of each test applied to each treatment. Nasutitermes corniger presented the three behavioral events in all treatments; however, there was not significant difference between treatments in the occurrence of the two first events, in the time taken from test start to the occurrence of a new event, in the number of recruited termites and in the number of gnawing workers. Only workers’ mass recruiting was influenced by the amount of wood available. The occurrence of this event was significantly higher in treatments with greater amounts of wood. Thus, N. corniger adjusts its mass recruitment behavior in response to available food amount, which should be considered when developing baiting system for its control.

scholarly journals Decayed Wood Affecting the Attraction of the Pest Arboretum Termite Nasutitermes corniger (Isoptera: Termitidae) to Resource Foods

Sociobiology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius Gazal ◽  
Omar Bailez ◽  
Ana Maria Viana-Bailez ◽  
Elen De Lima Aguiar Menezes ◽  
Euripedes Barsanulfo Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Decayed Wood ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Nasutitermes Corniger ◽  
Recruitment Behavior ◽  
Preferential Feeding

Nasutitermes corniger shows preferential feeding for the wood of different tree species, but it is not known whether attractiveness is a function of the state of decay. This study examined the foraging behavior of N. corniger towards wood in different stages of decay. Wood was exposed to weather for durations of 0, 3, 6 or 9 months. Then the wood was placed in a standard foraging arena with termites. Exploration and recruitment behavior were recorded for 1 h. Separate bioassays were conducted for three species: Pinus elliottii, Eucalyptus grandis and Manilkara huberi. In the tests with P. elliottii and E. grandis, more individuals were recruited to wood decayed for 6 months  (191 and 185, respectively) than to undecayed wood (12 and 69, respectively). Similarly, more individuals were recruited to decayed M. huberi wood than undecayed, but only after 9 months (249 and 7, respectively). Decayed wood has therefore been demonstrated to be more attractive to N. corniger than undecayed wood. The different decomposition rates necessary to increase attractiveness may be explained by differences in wood density. 

scholarly journals Influence of Food Resource Size on the Foraging Behavior of Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky)

Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Sampaio de Souza ◽  
Vinícius Siqueira Gazal ◽  
Vinicius José Fernandes ◽  
Ana Carolina Campos de Oliveira ◽  
Elen De Lima Aguiar-Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Test Arena ◽  
Nasutitermes Corniger ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Influence Of Food ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Mass Recruitment ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In general, termite foraging can be affected by physical and chemical factors linked to food. This study investigated if the wood length of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, as a food resource, influences the behavior of foraging events of Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky). Nests with mature and active colonies were collected in the field and transferred to glass cubes connected to a test arena under laboratory conditions. Wooden blocks of E. grandis, with a 2.5 x 2.0 cm rectangular cross section, were offered to termites in three different lengths: 5, 10 and 15 cm. Each test was repeated with 20 nests and lasted 60 minutes, when the following behavioral events and their duration were observed: initial exploration, initial recruitment and mass recruitment. At the end of each test, the quantities of termites (total, workers and soldiers) and gnawing workers were determined. The results show that longer blocks favored a higher occurrence of exploration and initial recruitment. However, the highest mass recruitment occurred with the 10 cm blocks. The length of the wood influenced the total number of termites recruited and gnawing workers; both were highest for the 10 cm blocks. There was no significant difference in relation to exploration time of the blocks and number of workers and soldiers recruited. Therefore, we conclude that wood length is a factor that can affect N. corniger foraging.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penggunaan Buah Alpukat dan Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Terhadap Perawatan Rambut Rontok

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Syannaz Rizka Usman ◽  
Yuliana Yuliana
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Excessive hair loss will cause baldness. It can will influence someone’s confidence. that is why, hair loss treatment is needed to be done. One of them is by using avocados and VCO. They have good function to stimulate hair growth and make them healthier. This study aims to analyze the effect of avocados and VCO toward hair loss treatment. The research was done by observing the mount of hair loss everyday. this study was conducted with a quasi-experimental method with a quasi exsperiment to explain the influence of using avocados and VCO on the treatment of hair loss. The research subjects were a collection of women who lived in the Parak Laweh area of ​​Lubuk Begalung subdistrict which improved hair loss at the level of 40-100 strands per day. The sample in this study amounted to 12 people used by the technique of taking documentation and interviews. This study consisted of 4 different groups, namely the control group (X0), experimental group 1 (X1), experimental group 2 (X2), and experimental group 3 (X3).The data gathered is primary data. It is directly taken from samples that fill in the research format provided. Data analysis using analysis of variance (anava) and continued with Duncan test, the results of this study show a significant difference in the indicator of the amount of hair detached from the scalp with the number of strands of hair falling after treatment in the control group (X0) (80.50), experimental group 1 (X1) (60.50), experimental group 2 (X2) (58.83) and experimental group 3 (X3) (58.67). So it can be said that for the indicator of the amount of hair loss in the experimental group did not show a statistically significant difference, but there was a significant difference in the treatment of hair loss in the control group. Keywords: hair loss, avocados, VCO

scholarly journals A Comparison Between Save The Last Word For Me And Listen-Read-Discuss (Lrd) Strategies On Students’ Reading Comprehension At Smpn 1 Teluk Pinang

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Martina Napratilora
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Comprehension Score ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Abstract: The aim of the study wasto find out whether there is any significant difference between students’ reading comprehension using Save the Last Word for Me strategy and students’ reading comprehension using Listen-Read-Discuss (LRD) strategy through assessment of their reading comprehension. The study utilized Quasi Experimental Design Non-equivalent Pre-test and Post-test Group Design. The participants of the study comprised 76, year two students of Junior High School 1 Teluk Pinang. Save the Last Word for Me and Listen-Read-Discuss (LRD) strategies were used on two experimental groups which experimental group 1 (n= 38) using Save the Last Word for Me strategy and experimental group 2 (n= 38) using Listen-Read-Discuss (LRD) strategy. Data were collected using pre-test and posttest of students’ reading comprehension test. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The finding showed significant difference in reading comprehension score between the experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 through Save the Last Word for Me and Listen-Read-Discuss (LRD) strategies.   Key Words: Save the Last Word for Me strategy, Listen-Read-Discuss (LRD) strategy, Students’ Reading Comprehension,   Abstrak: Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui pemahaman membaca siswa menggunakan strategi Save the Last Word for Me dan Listen-Read-Discuss (LRD). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Kuasi-eksperiment atau perbandingan eksperimen dengan menggunakan pre-test-posttest design. Penelitian ini melibatkan 76 peserta yang terdiri dari kelompok eksperimen 1 dan kelompok eksperimen 2 dari siswa SMPN 1 Teluk Pinang. StrategiSave the Last Word for MedanListen-Read-Discuss (LRD)digunakanpadaduakelasexperimen yang manakelasexperimen 1 dengan sample 38 siswamenggunakan strategy Save the Last Word for Me dankelasexperimen 2 dengan sample 38 siswamenggunakanstrategiListen_Read-Discuss (LRD). Pengumpulan data melalui test pemahamankemampuanmembacasiswamelalui pre-test dan post-test. Data kuantitativedianalisamenggunakan descriptive dan inferential statistic.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa adanya pengaruh yang signifikan dari nilaipemahamanmembacasiswaantarakelasexperimen 1 dan experiment 2 melaluistrategi Save the Last Word for Me and Listen-Read-Discuss (LRD).   Kata kunci: starategi Save the Last Word for Me, strategi Listen-Read-Discuss (LRD) dan pemahaman membaca siswa.

scholarly journals Does Unilateral Thyroid Cancer Affect The Malignant Risk Of Contralateral Thyroid Nodules?-A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Liu ◽  
Jun Jin ◽  
Qiao Chen ◽  
Zhongmin Li
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Abstract BackgroundThe incidence of thyroid nodules increased significantly, but the mortality rate of thyroid cancer remained stable or even decreased. However, surgical treatment of thyroid nodules is more aggressive, including the number and scope of surgery. the purpose of our study was to evaluate whether unilateral thyroid nodules affect the malignancy risk of contralateral thyroid nodules. Methods We conducted a retrospective study on all patients with thyroid nodules in a tertiary hospital within one year. Unilateral and bilateral thyroid nodules were the control group and the experimental group, respectively. Based on the TI-RADS grades, the experimental group and the control group were divided into two subgroups. We used chi-square test or Fisher's exact test to evaluate whether there were statistical differences in the incidence and pathological types of thyroid cancer between the experimental group and the control group. Results Our study showed that there was no significant difference in malignant risk between the experimental group 1 and the control group 1, and the experimental group 2 and the control group 2 (20%vs35%, p=0.724, 63.16%vs76.32%, p=0.297, respectively). Both the a-side thyroid of the experimental group and the control group were papillary thyroid carcinoma, including micropapillary thyroid carcinoma, and there was no difference in the proportion of micropapillary thyroid carcinoma (p = 0.200, 0.620, respectively). Conclusions There is no evidence that bilateral thyroid nodules affect each other in terms of malignant risk, that is, in bilateral thyroid nodules, unilateral thyroid cancer does not change the malignant risk of contralateral thyroid nodules.This study has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR2000038611, registration time: 2020-09-26.

scholarly journals Comparison of the rate of claw horn growth and wear and sole thickness in dairy cattle housed in a free stall barn with concrete and rubber flooring

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarel Van Amstel ◽  
Charles Young ◽  
Clare Scully ◽  
Barton Rohrbach
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Horn Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Concrete Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Background. Thin soles and resulting lameness in cows are often due to abrasive walking surfaces that cause increased wear. The aim of this project was to compare horn growth and wear and sole thickness in cows kept on rubber mats versus concrete in a free-stall barn. Methods. To examine horn growth and wear and sole thickness, we examined two groups (Group 1 kept on concrete [control] and Group 2 on rubber mats) of 12 cows each at 2-week intervals over a 12-week period. The 12 cows in each group were selected to achieve equal parity in each group, as follows: four cows, parity 1; four cows, parity 2; two cows, parity 3; and two cows, parity 4. The four cows from the parity 1 group had the most days in milk in the herd irrespective of milk production. The remaining eight cows had the fewest days in milk (most recently calved) irrespective of milk production. Results. Cows in the control group had a significant increase in claw horn growth over the study period, compared to the control group. Most of this difference in horn growth occurred during the first 2 weeks of the study. There was no significant difference in claw horn wear and sole thickness at 2 weeks or at the end of the study. There was, however, a non-significant difference in wear between cows in the 2 groups at the end of the study, with cows in the control group showing most wear. Cows in the experimental group exhibited significant increases in all parameters (claw length, wear, and growth; sole thickness) when measured at the beginning and end of the trial, whereas cows in the control group showed a significant increase in claw length and sole thickness.Discussion. These findings suggest that there was a compensatory increase in horn production in response to accelerated claw horn wear in the control group. Statistical significance in wear might have been attained between groups at the end of the study if the study had continued over a longer period.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of using text and pictograms on oral rehydration, dry-mixture sachet labels

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Heyns ◽  
Mea Van Huyssteen ◽  
Angeni Bheekie
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Response Accuracy ◽  
Medicine Use ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Background: Medication labels are often the only information available to patients after obtaining medication from a healthcare practitioner. Pictograms are graphic symbols that have shown to increase understanding of medicine use instructions.Aim: To compare the accuracy of the interpretation of medicine use instructions from two different oral rehydration (OR) dry-mixture sachet labels – the control ‘routine textonly’ label and an experimental label with ‘text-and-pictograms’.Setting: Participants were recruited from waiting rooms in public primary health care (PHC) facilities in Cape Town.Method: Each participant was required to answer six questions about OR preparation. Response accuracy was determined by comparing the participant’s answer to the actual information written on the relevant label. Afterwards, participants could offer their opinion about the label and ways to improve their understanding.Results: Of the 132 participants who were recruited, 67 were allocated to the experimental group and 65 to the control group. Only the significant difference between the experimental and control groups for the six questions regarding the label, was recorded for the answer that could be read from a single pictogram (p = 0.00) on the experimental group’s label. When asked about this question, more control participants (15/65) found the dosing instruction difficult to understand when compared to the experimental group (1/67). A third of the control participants (22/65) indicated that they could not see or locate instructions on the label.Conclusion: Text and pictograms on written medicine labels may be an effective tool to aid understanding of medicine use instructions amongst patients attending PHC facilities.

scholarly journals Comparison of the rate of claw horn growth and wear and sole thickness in dairy cattle housed in a free stall barn with concrete and rubber flooring

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarel Van Amstel ◽  
Charles Young ◽  
Clare Scully ◽  
Barton Rohrbach
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Horn Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Concrete Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Background. Thin soles and resulting lameness in cows are often due to abrasive walking surfaces that cause increased wear. The aim of this project was to compare horn growth and wear and sole thickness in cows kept on rubber mats versus concrete in a free-stall barn. Methods. To examine horn growth and wear and sole thickness, we examined two groups (Group 1 kept on concrete [control] and Group 2 on rubber mats) of 12 cows each at 2-week intervals over a 12-week period. The 12 cows in each group were selected to achieve equal parity in each group, as follows: four cows, parity 1; four cows, parity 2; two cows, parity 3; and two cows, parity 4. The four cows from the parity 1 group had the most days in milk in the herd irrespective of milk production. The remaining eight cows had the fewest days in milk (most recently calved) irrespective of milk production. Results. Cows in the control group had a significant increase in claw horn growth over the study period, compared to the control group. Most of this difference in horn growth occurred during the first 2 weeks of the study. There was no significant difference in claw horn wear and sole thickness at 2 weeks or at the end of the study. There was, however, a non-significant difference in wear between cows in the 2 groups at the end of the study, with cows in the control group showing most wear. Cows in the experimental group exhibited significant increases in all parameters (claw length, wear, and growth; sole thickness) when measured at the beginning and end of the trial, whereas cows in the control group showed a significant increase in claw length and sole thickness.Discussion. These findings suggest that there was a compensatory increase in horn production in response to accelerated claw horn wear in the control group. Statistical significance in wear might have been attained between groups at the end of the study if the study had continued over a longer period.

scholarly journals Keefektifan implementasi pendekatan saintifik dengan metode inkuiri dan problem-based learning ditinjau dari minat siswa

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Arnoldus Fransiskus Bai ◽  
Diah Respati Suryo Sumunar
Keyword(s):  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Interest Level ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Inquiry Method ◽  
Learning Interest ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan kefektifan implementasi pendekatan saintifik dengan metode inkuiri dan problem-based learning ditinjau dari minat siswa terhadap hasil belajar geografi kelas X SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Ngada. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada dua kelompok. Kelompok eksperimen 1 adalah kelompok sampel yang menggunakan metode inkuiri,  kelompok eksperimen 2 adalah kelompok sampel yang menggunakan metode problem-based learning. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik cluster sampling. Analisis  data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan inferensial analisis varian (anava). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah, (1) Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dari pembelajaran metode inkuiri dan metode problem- based learning terhadap hasil belajar geografi. (2) Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dari tingkat minat belajar siswa terhadap hasil belajar geografi; (3) Pada masing-masing metode pembelajaran tidak terdapat perbedaan dari tingkat minat belajar terhadap hasil belajar geografi. (4) Pada masing-masing kategori, tidak ada perbedaan minat belajar dengan metode pembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar geografi.Kata kunci: inkuiri, problem-based learning, minat siswa THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC APPROACH WITH THE INQUIRY METHOD OF LEARNING AND THE PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING IN TERMS OF THE STUDENTS’ INTERESTAbstractThis study aims to reveal the effectiveness of the implementation of scientific approaches with inquiry methods and problem-based learning in terms of student interest in the results of geography class X SMA Negeri Ngada. The study employed the experimental method. It involved two groups, namely experimental group 1 and experimental group 2. Experimental group 1 was the sample group learning through the inquiry method, while experimental group 2 was the one learning through the problem-based learning method. Two classes were selected as the sample, namely experimental group 1 and experimental group 2. The sample was established by means of the cluster sampling technique. The data were primary data collected through questionnaires and learning achievement tests. The data analysis techniques were the descriptive analysis and the inferential analysis of variance (ANOVA). The conclusions of the study are as follows. (1) There is no significant difference between the learning through the inquiry method and that through the problem-based learning in terms of the geography learning achievement. (2) There is no significant difference in the students’ learning interest level in terms of the geography learning achievement. (3) In each learning method, there is no significant difference in the learning interest level in terms of the geography learning achievement. (4) In each learning interest category, there is no difference in the learning methods in terms of the geography learning achievement.Keywords: inquiry learning, problem-based learning, students’ interest

scholarly journals Encouraging the Rise of Young Entrepreneurs: Promoting Entrepreneurial Intention through Storytelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Taufik Taufik ◽  
Ernawati Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Test Score ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Aim: The aim of this study is to use storytelling as a technique to develop entrepreneurial intention in Islamic boarding school graduates. Background: Most of the pesantren graduates in Indonesia do not proceed on to university studies after completing their schooling due to financial problems and so lack the skills to work on jobs that could support their livelihood. Therefore, pesantren wanted to develop a strategy to help its alumni find employment after completing their education. Increasing the entrepreneurial intention of graduates in various sectors is one way in which pesantren expect to support graduates in finding their livelihood. Objective: The objective of this study is to test the effectiveness of storytelling in increasing entrepreneurial intentions in students. Methods: Sixty Islamic boarding school students participated in this study. The Solomon three-group design was used to test the effectiveness of storytelling in increasing the entrepreneurial intentions of students. Participants were divided into three groups: the experimental group, control group 1, and control group 2, each consisting of 20 students. The entrepreneurial-intention scale was used to measure the level of entrepreneurial intention among each group of students. Results First, there was a significant difference between the post-test score of entrepreneurial intention in the experimental group (with treatment) and the post-test score of entrepreneurial intention in control group 1 (without treatment). Second, the post-test score of entrepreneurial intention in the experimental group (with treatment) was not different from the post-test score of entrepreneurial intention in control group 2 (with treatment). Thus, the results were consistent in the sense that the group that received treatment had an increased level of entrepreneurial intention when compared with the group that did not receive any treatment. Conclusion: The results showed that storytelling was effective in increasing the entrepreneurial intention of students. In this study, the treatment of storytelling was integrated with a focus group discussion. Developing treatment with other techniques can have a greater effect on increasing the entrepreneurial intention of students.

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