Soil microbiological properties and enzyme activity in agroforestry systems compared with monoculture, natural regeneration, and native Caatinga

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of agroforestry systems of different ages (AFS1: one-year old; AFS5: five-years old) on the biological attributes of soil; the following systems were used for comparison: a slash-and-burn (SBF) farming area, Caatinga which has been undergoing regeneration for 6 years (CaR6), and native Caatinga (NCa) in Brazil. Enzyme activity, abundance and composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and production of glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP) were evaluated at soil depths of 0–0.05 m. AMF species composition in the AFS was more similar to that in the NCa than in the SBF and CaR6 systems. In the rainy season, sporulation was most abundant in the AFS-1, CaR6, and SBF systems, whereas GRSP concentrations were highest in the AFS5 during the dry season. Acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase enzyme activity was lower in the AFS1 soils than in the NCa and SBF soils (rainy period), and levels of β-glucosidase and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis in the AFS were equal to or higher than those in the NCa in the dry season but lower in the rainy season. AFS thus appear to promote the maintenance of soil biological quality, and may be more sustainable than SBF farming systems in the Brazilian Caatinga over the long term.

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Impacts of Organic and Conventional Management on the Nutritional Level of Vegetables

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12218965 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (21) ◽

pp. 8965

Author(s):

Atanu Mukherjee ◽

Emmanuel C. Omondi ◽

Paul R. Hepperly ◽

Rita Seidel ◽

Wade P. Heller

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Management Practices ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Red Peppers

The nutrient concentration of fruits and vegetables in the U.S.A. has declined in the past 50–70 years. Crop management practices utilizing on-farm inputs are thought to increase crop nutritional quality, but few studies have evaluated this under long-term side-by-side trials. An experiment was conducted from 2004 to 2005 at Rodale Institute’s long-term Farming Systems Trial to investigate the nutritional quality of vegetables under organic manure (MNR) and conventional (CNV) farming systems, with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) treatment. AMF reduced the vitamin C content in carrots in both systems in 2004, but the reduction was 87% in CNV and 28% in MNR. AMF also reduced antioxidants in carrots in both CNV and MNR. This trend was likely due to the suppression of native AMF colonization by the non-native AMF inoculum used. Between 2004 and 2005, MNR increased the vitamin C in green peppers by 50% while CNV decreased the vitamin C in red peppers by 48%. Tomatoes under MNR had a 40% greater vitamin C content compared to CNV in 2005. The vegetable yield declined between 2004 and 2005, except for tomato, where the yield increased by 51% and 44% under CNV and MNR, respectively. In general, MNR tended to increase the nutrient concentration of vegetables compared with CNV, while the AMF effects were inconclusive.

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Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities associated with cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) crops

Agronomía Colombiana ◽

10.15446/agron.colomb.v37n3.74008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 239-254

Author(s):

Margarita Ramírez-Gómez ◽

Urley Pérez-Moncada ◽

Diana Serralde-Ordoñez ◽

Andrea Peñaranda-Rolón ◽

Gabriel Roveda-Hoyos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Season ◽

Tropical Andes ◽

Physalis Peruviana ◽

Cape Gooseberry

The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities in agricultural systems depends on biotic and abiotic factors as well as on cultural practices. This research aimed to evaluate the diversity of AMF present in an altitudinal transect cultivated with cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.). A set of 13 soil samples from cape gooseberry plantations located in the Colombian Andean mountains in the provinces of Cundinamarca and Boyaca were collected during dry (0-20 mm/month) and rainy (150-330 mm/month) seasons between 1500 and 3000 m a.s.l., in order to establish the relationship between the altitudinal characteristics and AMF diversity. The evaluation of the abundance of spores and species and diversity indexes showed the presence of 46 AMF species in the dry season and 31 in the rainy season. This shows the high diversity of AMF in the tropical Andes with spore abundance between 20 and 120 spores 10 g-1 of soil in the rainy season and between 127 and 1531 spores 10 g-1 of soil in the dry season.

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Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms in Coffee Production: From Isolation to Field Application

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081531 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1531

Author(s):

Narcisa Urgiles-Gómez ◽

María Eugenia Avila-Salem ◽

Paúl Loján ◽

Max Encalada ◽

Leslye Hurtado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Field Application ◽

Coffee Production ◽

Coffee Agroforestry ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting

Coffee is an important, high-value crop because its roasted beans are used to produce popular beverages that are consumed worldwide. Coffee plantations exist in over 70 countries and constitute the main economic activity of approximately 125 million people. Currently, there is global concern regarding the excessive use of agrochemicals and pesticides in agriculture, including coffee crops. This situation has motivated researchers, administrators, and farmers to seek ecologically friendly alternatives to decrease the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. In the last decades, multiple studies of the rhizosphere, at the chemical, physical and biological levels, have improved our understanding of the importance of beneficial microorganisms to plant health and growth. This review aims to summarize the state of the use of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) in coffee production, where the most extensively studied microorganisms are beneficial plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This review also contains information on PGPM, in regard to plantations at different latitudes, isolation techniques, mass multiplication, formulation methods, and the application of PGPM in nurseries, monoculture, and coffee agroforestry systems. Finally, this review focuses on relevant research performed during the last decade that can help us improve sustainable coffee production.

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Grazing intensity rather than host plant’s palatability shape the community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a steppe grassland

10.21203/rs.3.rs-853989/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maede Faghihinia ◽

Yi Zou ◽

Yongfei Bai ◽

Martin Dudáš ◽

Rob Marrs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Community Composition ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Grazing Intensity ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Grass Species ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Steppe Grassland

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the predominant type of mycorrhizal fungi in roots and rhizosphere soil of grass species worldwide. Grasslands are currently experiencing increasing grazing pressure, but it is not yet clear how grazing intensity and host plant grazing preference by large herbivores interact with soil- and root-associated AMF communities. Here, we tested whether the diversity and community composition of AMF in the roots and rhizosphere soil of two dominant perennial grasses grazed differently by livestock change in response to grazing intensity. We conducted a study in a long-term field experiment in which seven levels of field-manipulated grazing intensities were maintained for 13 years in a typical steppe grassland in northern China. We extracted DNA from the roots and rhizosphere soil of two dominant grasses, Leymus chinense (Trin.) Tzvel. and Stipa grandis P. Smirn, with contrasting grazing preference by sheep. AMF DNA from root and soil samples were then subjected to molecular analysis. Our results showed that AMF α-diversity (richness) at the virtual taxa (VT) level varied as a function of grazing intensity. Different VTs showed completely different responses along the gradient, one increasing, one decreasing and others showing no response. Glomeraceae was the most abundant AMF family along the grazing gradient, which fits well with the theory of disturbance tolerance of this group. In addition, sheep grazing preference for host plants did not explain a considerable variation in AMF α-diversity. However, the two grass species exhibited different community composition in their roots and rhizosphere soils. Roots exhibited a lower α-diversity and higher β-diversity within the AMF community than soils. Overall, our results suggest that long-term grazing intensity might have changed the abundance of functionally-diverse AMF taxa in favor of those with disturbance-tolerant traits. We suggest our results would be useful in informing the choice of mycorrhizal fungi indicator variables when assessing the impacts of grassland management choices on grassland ecosystem functioning.

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Thermal performance and concentration of gases in facilities for pigs in semiarid region from State of Paraiba - Brazil

Engenharia Agrícola ◽

10.1590/s0100-69162012000100004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 30-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dermeval A. Furtado ◽

Daniele Amancio ◽

José W. B. do Nascimento ◽

Josivanda P. Gomes ◽

Rafael C. Silva

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Thermal Comfort ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Dry Season ◽

International Standards ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Thermal Discomfort ◽

Rainy Period ◽

Globe Temperature ◽

The Times

The study was conducted in a facility for pigs during the nursery and finishing in the town of 'Montadas', in the semiarid of the state of Paraiba, Brazil, in the rainy and dry season, aiming to evaluate the concentration of oxygen, methane, carbon monoxide and ammonia, and the bioclimatic indexes: ambient temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH) and the index of black globe temperature and humidity (IBGTH). These indexes differed significantly (P>0.05) between the periods and times. The AT in the rainy season was in the thermal comfort zone(TCZ) in most of the times in the nursery; for the finishing phase, thermal discomfort occurred; during the dry season, there was thermal comfort in the nursery phase; in the finishing phase the thermal discomfort occurred at all times. In the rainy season, the IBGTH was in TCZ; in the dry season, it was above the TCZ. The RH in the rainy period was in the TCZ; in the dry season, in most of the times, below the range of the TCZ. The concentration of gases showed no differences (P > 0.05) between periods and between the times, and the carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide and methane were below 1.0 ppm, and the ammonia showed a mean of 5.2 ppm. None of the analyzed gases exceeded the limits established by Brazilian and international standards for animals and workers.

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Effect of long-term tillage and mineral phosphorus fertilization on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a humid continental zone of Eastern Canada

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/s11104-013-1585-4 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 369 (1-2) ◽

pp. 599-613 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Min Sheng ◽

Roger Lalande ◽

Chantal Hamel ◽

Noura Ziadi

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Phosphorus Fertilization ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Mineral Phosphorus

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Long-term effects of alternative and conventional fertilization I: Effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community composition

Russian Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.3103/s1068367415060245 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 454-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tancredo Augusto Feitosa de Souza ◽

Andrea Fernandes Rodrígues ◽

Luciano Façanha Marques

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Community Composition ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Long Term Effects

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Interspecific differences in the tolerance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to freezing and drying

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b01-099 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 79 (10) ◽

pp. 1161-1166 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

John N Klironomos ◽

Miranda M Hart ◽

Jane E Gurney ◽

Peter Moutoglis

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Plant Species ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Interspecific Differences ◽

The Difference ◽

One Year ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in northern temperate ecosystems must function during extremes in environmental conditions. However, it is not known if arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that co-exist in soil communities have similar tolerances to stresses such as drought and freezing. The phenology of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was determined over one year in a community in southern Ontario, Canada. Five fungal species from the same community were then used to inoculate five plant species, in all possible combinations, and were subjected to either a freezing treatment or a drought treatment after which new seedlings were transplanted into the treated pots. The percent colonization of roots of each plant species was measured as the difference in mean colonization from the control. Freezing reduced percent colonization in almost every case, whereas drought resulted in both increased and decreased percent colonization. Fungal species responded differently to the treatments, and there was a pronounced plant × fungus effect. These results support the hypothesis that distinct functional groups of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi exist, and these may determine plant community structure.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, freezing, drying, functional diversity.

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