scholarly journals Thermal performance and concentration of gases in facilities for pigs in semiarid region from State of Paraiba - Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dermeval A. Furtado ◽  
Daniele Amancio ◽  
José W. B. do Nascimento ◽  
Josivanda P. Gomes ◽  
Rafael C. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Thermal Discomfort ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
The Times

The study was conducted in a facility for pigs during the nursery and finishing in the town of 'Montadas', in the semiarid of the state of Paraiba, Brazil, in the rainy and dry season, aiming to evaluate the concentration of oxygen, methane, carbon monoxide and ammonia, and the bioclimatic indexes: ambient temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH) and the index of black globe temperature and humidity (IBGTH). These indexes differed significantly (P>0.05) between the periods and times. The AT in the rainy season was in the thermal comfort zone(TCZ) in most of the times in the nursery; for the finishing phase, thermal discomfort occurred; during the dry season, there was thermal comfort in the nursery phase; in the finishing phase the thermal discomfort occurred at all times. In the rainy season, the IBGTH was in TCZ; in the dry season, it was above the TCZ. The RH in the rainy period was in the TCZ; in the dry season, in most of the times, below the range of the TCZ. The concentration of gases showed no differences (P > 0.05) between periods and between the times, and the carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide and methane were below 1.0 ppm, and the ammonia showed a mean of 5.2 ppm. None of the analyzed gases exceeded the limits established by Brazilian and international standards for animals and workers.

scholarly journals The Connection between Architectural Elements and Adaptive Thermal Comfort of Tropical Vernacular Houses in Mountain and Beach Locations

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7427
Author(s):  
Hermawan Hermawan ◽  
Jozef Švajlenka
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Adaptive Thermal Comfort ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Study Results

Passive thermal comfort has been widely used to test the thermal performance of a building. The science of active thermal comfort is important to be connected with the science of architecture. The currently developing active thermal comfort is adaptive thermal comfort. Vernacular houses are believed to be able to create thermal comfort for the inhabitants. The present study seeks to analyze the connection between the architectural elements of vernacular houses and adaptive thermal comfort. A mixed method was applied. A quantitative approach was used in the measurement of variables of climate, while a qualitative methodology was employed in an interview on thermal sensations. The connection between architectural elements and adaptive thermal comfort was analyzed by considering the correlation among architectural features, the analysis results of thermal comfort, and the Olgyay and psychrometric diagrams. At the beginning of the rainy season, residents of exposed stone houses had the highest comfortable percentage of 31%. In the middle of the rainy season, the highest percentage of comfort was obtained by residents of exposed brick and wooden houses on the beach at 39%. The lowest comfortable percentage experienced by residents of exposed stone houses at the beginning of the dry season was 0%. The beginning of the dry season in mountainous areas has air temperatures that are too low, making residents uncomfortable. The study results demonstrate that adaptive thermal comfort is related to using a room for adaptation to create thermal comfort for the inhabitants.

The instantaneous transport of inorganic and organic material in a highly polluted tropical estuary

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E. D. Noriega ◽  
Marilene Felipe Santiago ◽  
Patrícia Façanha ◽  
Maria da Glória Gonçalves da Silva Cunha ◽  
Rodolfo Araújo da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Tropical Estuary ◽  
Liquid Transport ◽  
Water Renewal ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients

The contribution of the estuarine channel of Recife harbour to the eutrophication of the Recife coastal area was evaluated by quantifying the instantaneous transport of salt, dissolved inorganic nutrients (PO4–, SiOH4, NO3–, NO2– and, NH4+), material in suspension, Chlorophyll-a, pico–nanoplankton and microplankton during the rainy (June 2007) and dry (November 2007) seasons. The results showed that all of the dissolved nitrogenated nutrients, the silicate and the material in suspension had higher concentrations during the rainy season, whereas the phosphate and Chlorophyll-a (both the total and the pico–nanoplankton and microplankton fractions) showed greater concentrations during the dry season. All of the materials considered were exported to the sea except for Chlorophyll-a (pico–nanoplankton and microplankton fractions) during the dry season, when these materials were imported into the area. The total liquid transport in the rainy season was three times higher than that found for the dry season. Silicate represented nearly 85% of the total exported material during the rainy period, whereas during the dry season, phosphate and silicate represented 79% of the total exported material. The stratification and circulation processes indicated a well mixed environment. The water-renewal rate was low, as demonstrated by the input of phytoplankton biomass during November. The area was characterised as eutrophic during the months investigated.

scholarly journals Influence of river discharge on phytoplankton structure and nutrient concentrations in four tropical semiarid estuaries

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hortência de Sousa Barroso ◽  
Helena Becker ◽  
Vânia Maria Maciel Melo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Phytoplankton Structure

Abstract This study evaluated changes in phytoplankton and nutrients after an increase in river discharge in four estuaries of northeastern Brazil. Samples were taken during a markedly freshwater-deprived period (Nov/2010, dry season), and during a rainy season (May/2011). While two estuaries are located in urban areas (Ceará - CE and Cocó - CO), the others are markedly freshwater-deprived (Pacoti - PAC and Pirangi - PIR). Our findings indicate that increased freshwater had opposing effects on estuaries impacted by anthropogenic discharges (CO, CE and PIR) compared with the other, less impacted (PAC). In CO and CE, the freshwater flow during the rainy period had a nutrient diluting effect and controlled phytoplankton blooms. In PIR, only phosphorus and inorganic nitrogen decreased in the rainy season. In contrast, an increase of all nutrients was observed in PAC, and of TN in PIR, followed by an increase in phytoplankton biomass. In the rainy season, eutrophic freshwater species dominated in all the estuaries. In the dry season, blooms of Cryptomonas/Rhodomonas and Synechocystis aquatilis were, respectively, observed in CE and CO. Also in the dry season, PAC and PIR had a predominance of marine species under a condition of hypersalinity. Canonical correspondence analysis suggested the variation observed for salinity, silica, and TN are the main driver of phytoplankton structure.

scholarly journals Studi lapangan variabel iklim rumah vernakular pantai dan gunung dalam menciptakan kenyamanan termal adaptif

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Hermawan Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Adaptive Thermal Comfort ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Microclimate Variables

Microclimate variables are one of the variables that affect adaptive thermal comfort. The microclimate variables are air temperature, solar radiation temperature, air humidity and wind speed. In this study the discussion of microclimate variables is specific to air temperature and air humidity. This is based on other studies which mention that the most influential climate variables are air temperature and humidity. This research is a field study that will compare air temperature and humidity in coastal and mountain areas. Measurements are carried out in 3 seasons, namely the dry season to rain, the rainy season and the rainy season to the dry season. Measurement of air and humidity temperature variables in two rooms in the building and outside space and terrace. The results of the study show that there are significant differences between coastal and mountain dwellings. This difference is related to adaptive thermal comfort through thermal sensation. Thermal sensation results show that the location of the mountain is that most residents feel cool, while at the beach location, the residents are mostly comfortable or neutral.

scholarly journals Thermal Comfort Aspects of Solar Gains during the Heating Season

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferenc Kalmár ◽  
Tünde Kalmár
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Diffuse Radiation ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Thermal Discomfort ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Personalized Ventilation

Glazing plays a key role in the energy balance of buildings. The aim of this paper is to enlighten the thermal discomfort caused by large glazed areas in the heating season and to point out a possible solution that can provide proper thermal comfort with low energy use. It is unusual to discuss the negative effects of solar gains on thermal comfort during the heating season. However, there are cases when glazing may lead to unforeseen indoor thermal discomfort conditions. Laboratory and on site measurements were performed in order to assess thermal discomfort caused by direct and diffuse radiation. It was shown that the WBGT (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature) index may exceed even 30 °C in the winter season in a room having large glazed area oriented to east. Laboratory tests performed in climate chamber have shown that the high PMV values cannot be reduced below 1.0, increasing the air change rate in the room. Using opaque drapes, the WBGT index was reduced by 2 °C, but the daylighting decreased substantially. It was demonstrated that by using advanced personalized ventilation systems, the appropriate thermal comfort can be provided avoiding the reduction of daylighting.

scholarly journals Soil microbiological properties and enzyme activity in agroforestry systems compared with monoculture, natural regeneration, and native Caatinga

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divino Levi Miguel ◽  
Eliane Maria Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Cristiane Figueira da Silva ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Luiz Fernando Carvalho Leite
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
One Year

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of agroforestry systems of different ages (AFS1: one-year old; AFS5: five-years old) on the biological attributes of soil; the following systems were used for comparison: a slash-and-burn (SBF) farming area, Caatinga which has been undergoing regeneration for 6 years (CaR6), and native Caatinga (NCa) in Brazil. Enzyme activity, abundance and composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and production of glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP) were evaluated at soil depths of 0–0.05 m. AMF species composition in the AFS was more similar to that in the NCa than in the SBF and CaR6 systems. In the rainy season, sporulation was most abundant in the AFS-1, CaR6, and SBF systems, whereas GRSP concentrations were highest in the AFS5 during the dry season. Acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase enzyme activity was lower in the AFS1 soils than in the NCa and SBF soils (rainy period), and levels of β-glucosidase and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis in the AFS were equal to or higher than those in the NCa in the dry season but lower in the rainy season. AFS thus appear to promote the maintenance of soil biological quality, and may be more sustainable than SBF farming systems in the Brazilian Caatinga over the long term.

scholarly journals Assessing the Influence of Water Management and Rainfall Seasonality on Water Quality and Intestinal Parasitism in Rural Northeastern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Pessoa Dias ◽  
Deiviane Calegar ◽  
Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa ◽  
Maria de Fátima Leal Alencar ◽  
Caroline Ferraz Ignacio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid

Introduction. The drought in the Brazilian semiarid region has affected the quality of water. This study assessed the relationships between enteric parasitoses, water management, and water quality, correlating them with pluviometric seasonality.Methods. Cross-sectional surveys were carried out in four rural communities at the beginning of the dry season (n=151), at the end of the dry season (n=184), and in the rainy season (n=199), in order to collect sociodemographic data, human fecal samples, and samples of the water used for human consumption for physicochemical and microbiological analyses. In 2015, water filters were provided to 30 households under study.Results. There was an increasing trend in detection rates of commensal protozoa and theEntamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba disparcomplex at the beginning of the rainy season, with detection rates of 6% in 2014 and 21.6% in 2016.Giardia intestinalisandAscaris lumbricoidespresented distinct temporal distributions, which peaked in 2015: 20.1% and 30%, respectively. The proportion of inhabitants drinking inadequate water was 55% at the beginning of the dry season and 28.8% at the end of the dry season, reaching 70.9% at the beginning of the rainy season. The presence of filters reduced this proportion among those who received the hollow ceramic candle filter.Conclusions. Data suggest that the strategies to increase water supply in the Brazilian semiarid region can be ameliorated in order to improve the quality of drinking water.

scholarly journals Locally adapted brazilian sheep: a model of adaptation to Semiarid region

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 2261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinara Hody Gurgel Morais Leite ◽  
Luis Alberto Bermejo Asensio ◽  
Wallace Sostene Tavares da Silva ◽  
Wilma Emanuela da Silva ◽  
Dowglish Ferreira Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Hair Density ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
The Relationship

Well adapted animals are characterized by maintain homeostasis under natural conditions. The present study aimed to evaluate physiological and morphological responses, as well as identify the relationship between these parameters in order to maintain homoeothermic status, in the dry and rainy season. Measurements were taken from 383 Morada Nova hair ewes, under dry and rainy season. The studied variables included rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), coat thickness (CT), hair length (HL), hair diameter (HD) and hair density (D). Blood samples were collected for determining biochemical, erythrogam and hormone concentration. The evaluated blood parameters from the Morada Nova breed did not demonstrate any variation from the reference interval established for sheep, confirming its adaptability profile even under high radiation and air temperatures. Multivariate analyses were performed in order to determine relationship between morphological, biochemical, erythrocyte and hormonal traits in each season. Differences correlations were observed according to season of the year. In the dry season, the correlations were significant among RT, RR, Packed cell volume (PCV), thyroxine (T4), Glucose (GLU), CT, HL, Globulin (GLO) and Total Protein (TP), whereas in dry season the characteristics that showed greater correlation were Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), thyroid hormones, Creatinine, GLO, TP, PCV and GLU. In conclusion, Morada Nova ewes was able to maintain homeothermy, even in the most stressful environmental conditions. Their hematological, biochemical and hormonal profile were within the normal range for sheep, confirming the adaptability of this local breed to the Brazilian semiarid environment.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Eimeria infections in sheep raised extensively in a semiarid region of Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Eduardo Barreto de Souza ◽  
Jurandir Ferreira da Cruz ◽  
Milton Rezende Teixeira Neto ◽  
George Rêgo Albuquerque ◽  
Antonio Diego Brandão Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Animal Category

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify and determine the prevalence of Eimeria species affecting sheep raised extensively in a semiarid region of Brazil. Fecal samples of native sheep were collected during the rainy and dry seasons. The degree of infection was determined by counting oocysts per gram (OPG) of feces, and the morphometric method was used for species identification. Oocysts were found in all the properties assessed, in which 68.3% of the animals were infected. The prevalence of oocysts was influenced by the season and animal category (P<0.05). It was higher during the rainy season than the dry season (80.2% vs. 55.8%) and highest in young animals than the adults animals (68.2% vs. 39.6%). The OPG was lower during the dry season (1,269 ± 312 vs. 4,400 ± 1,122). Ten species were found; of these, E. ovinoidalis, E. granulosa, E. faurei, and E. crandallis were the most frequent. E. ovinoidalis and E. crandallis were found in all properties, with their prevalences being 19.4% and 13.6% respectively. The high prevalence of pathogenic species shows that eimeriosis is a risk for animals raised extensively in the semiarid region.

scholarly journals Characterization of human thermal comfort in urban areas of brazilian semiarid

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Vieira de Azevedo ◽  
Péricles Tadeu da Costa Bezerra ◽  
Mário de Miranda Vilas Boas Ramos Leitão ◽  
Carlos Antonio Costa dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Thermal Discomfort ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid

ABSTRACT Experimental studies were conducted aiming to characterize the thermal conditions in urban areas of the Brazilian semiarid for identifying the level of human thermal comfort in urban areas of the municipalities of Mossoró-RN, Serra Talhada-PE, Petrolina-PE and Juazeiro-BA. The results showed that the constituent elements of urban areas contribute to human thermal discomfort index (DIT). Both the wet and dry seasons showed up an uncomfortable condition in Mossoró on May 15th and on 23rd, 2008 (rural area) and on May 25rd, 2008 (urban area). By applying Thom's equation for obtaining the DIT, it was observed that the urban areas reported thermal comfort conditions always inferior to those observed in the rural areas. The results indicate conditions of partial comfort for the all areas surveyed. However, the incidence of human thermal discomfort related to the minimum, average and maximum air temperatures are, probably associated to the formation of urban heat islands. In addition, the afforestation is an effective mechanism of mitigating the adverse effects of these structures with better quality of life to the population. Therefore, it can be stated that the Brazilian semiarid region has specific urban climate, which is influenced by the design characteristics of the urban structure and buildings.

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