Chemical looping combustion of biomass for renewable & non- CO2 emissions energy- status and review

World depends on fossil fuel combustion for thermal energy generation. Fossil fuel combustion leads to the generation of CO2 and extinction of non-renewable resources. To meet the future energy demands replacement of existing technologies should take place in the view of large quantities of GHG’s emissions from fossil fuels and their extinction. Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is primarily a combustion technique with an inherent separation of CO2 from the flue gases. Due to its advantage of negativeCO2 emissions, chemical looping combustion got attention of many researchers since last one and half decade. Recent research advancements in the CLC provided a platform for further research and developments in chemical looping combustion of biomass. This paper reviewsthe CLC of biomass to present the overview of chemical looping combustion technology and its status of biomass utilization as a fuel in CLC reactors.

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Comparison of oxygen carriers for chemical-looping combustion

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci0603093j ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 93-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Marcus Johansson ◽

Tobias Mattisson ◽

Anders Lyngfelt

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuels ◽

Oxygen Carrier ◽

High Reactivity ◽

Chemical Looping Combustion ◽

Chemical Looping ◽

Oxygen Carriers ◽

Reducing Conditions ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Combustion Technology ◽

Separation Of Co2

Chemical-looping combustion is a combustion technology with inherent separation of the greenhouse gas CO2. This technique involves combustion of fossil fuels by means of an oxygen carrier which transfers oxygen from the air to the fuel. In this manner a decrease in efficiency is avoided for the energy demanding separation of CO2 from the rest of the flue gases. Results from fifty oxygen carriers based on iron-, manganese- and nickel oxides on different inert materials are compared. The particles were prepared using freeze granulation, sintered at different temperatures and sieved to a size 125-180 mm. To simulate the environment the particles would be exposed to in a chemical-looping combustor, reactivity tests under alternating oxidizing and reducing conditions were performed in a laboratory fluidized bed-reactor of quartz. Reduction was performed in 50% CH4/50% H2O while the oxidation was carried out in 5% O2 in nitrogen. In general nickel particles are the most reactive, followed by manganese. Iron particles are harder but have a lower reactivity. An increase in sintering temperatures normally leads to an increase in strength and decrease in reactivity. Several particles investigated display a combination of high reactivity and strength as well as good fluidization behavior, and are feasible for use as oxygen carriers in chemical-looping combustion.

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A synthesis of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel combustion

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-9-1299-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1299-1376 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

R. J. Andres ◽

T. A. Boden ◽

F.-M. Bréon ◽

P. Ciais ◽

S. Davis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Fuel Combustion ◽

Interval Uncertainty ◽

Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽

Cement Production ◽

Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽

Reduce Emissions

Abstract. This synthesis discusses the emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil-fuel combustion and cement production. While much is known about these emissions, there is still much that is unknown about the details surrounding these emissions. This synthesis explores our knowledge of these emissions in terms of why there is concern about them; how they are calculated; the major global efforts on inventorying them; their global, regional, and national totals at different spatial and temporal scales; how they are distributed on global grids (i.e. maps); how they are transported in models; and the uncertainties associated with these different aspects of the emissions. The magnitude of emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels has been almost continuously increasing with time since fossil fuels were first used by humans. Despite events in some nations specifically designed to reduce emissions, or which have had emissions reduction as a byproduct of other events, global total emissions continue their general increase with time. Global total fossil-fuel carbon dioxide emissions are known to within 10% uncertainty (95% confidence interval). Uncertainty on individual national total fossil-fuel carbon dioxide emissions range from a few percent to more than 50%. The information discussed in this manuscript synthesizes global, regional and national fossil-fuel carbon dioxide emissions, their distributions, their transport, and the associated uncertainties.

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A synthesis of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel combustion

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-9-1845-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1845-1871 ◽

Cited By ~ 181

Author(s):

R. J. Andres ◽

T. A. Boden ◽

F.-M. Bréon ◽

P. Ciais ◽

S. Davis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Fuel Combustion ◽

Interval Uncertainty ◽

Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽

Cement Production ◽

Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽

Reduce Emissions

Abstract. This synthesis discusses the emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil-fuel combustion and cement production. While much is known about these emissions, there is still much that is unknown about the details surrounding these emissions. This synthesis explores our knowledge of these emissions in terms of why there is concern about them; how they are calculated; the major global efforts on inventorying them; their global, regional, and national totals at different spatial and temporal scales; how they are distributed on global grids (i.e., maps); how they are transported in models; and the uncertainties associated with these different aspects of the emissions. The magnitude of emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels has been almost continuously increasing with time since fossil fuels were first used by humans. Despite events in some nations specifically designed to reduce emissions, or which have had emissions reduction as a byproduct of other events, global total emissions continue their general increase with time. Global total fossil-fuel carbon dioxide emissions are known to within 10 % uncertainty (95 % confidence interval). Uncertainty on individual national total fossil-fuel carbon dioxide emissions range from a few percent to more than 50 %. This manuscript concludes that carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel combustion continue to increase with time and that while much is known about the overall characteristics of these emissions, much is still to be learned about the detailed characteristics of these emissions.

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Energy and exergy analysis of chemical looping combustion technology and comparison with pre-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion technologies for CO 2 capture

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.jece.2015.07.018 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 2104-2114 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Sanjay Mukherjee ◽

Prashant Kumar ◽

Aidong Yang ◽

Paul Fennell

Keyword(s):

Exergy Analysis ◽

Fuel Combustion ◽

Chemical Looping Combustion ◽

Chemical Looping ◽

Energy And Exergy ◽

Combustion Technology ◽

Energy And Exergy Analysis

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Health Risk Assessment of Black Carbon Emission from Fossil Fuel.

Journal of Engineering Science ◽

10.3329/jes.v12i2.54628 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 23-28

Author(s):

Md Dulal Hossain Khan ◽

Mahima Sultana Sarkar ◽

Syeda Sadika Haque ◽

Md Amjad Hossain

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Health Risk ◽

Black Carbon ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Carcinogenic Risk ◽

Fuel Combustion ◽

Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽

Brown Carbon

Fossil fuel combustion is one of the major sources of carbonaceous emission throughout the world. In this study, two light absorbing carbonaceous aerosol namely Black carbon (BC) and Brown carbon (BrC) from fossil fuel combustion under controlled laboratory condition was reported. Four different fossil fuels; octane, petrol, diesel and kerosene was taken as samples (Four different fossil fuels; octane, petrol, diesel, and kerosene samples were collected from filling station of Nilkhet, Dhaka City. Two wavelengths Aethalometer (OT21) had been taken for systematic analysis of Black carbon and Brown carbon. BC and BrC particulates were determined in terms of density, concentration, emission and emission factor. The concentrations of Black carbon in mgm-3 for respective fuel samples were kerosene (3.83), diesel (4.59), petrol (7.94), octane (13.18) while concentrations of Brown carbon were kerosene (7.77), diesel (7.98), petrol (13.61), octane (20.46). BrC concentrations were found to be higher than those of BC for all the fuel samples. Average concentrations of Black carbon and Brown carbon were 7.38 mgm-3 and 11.46 mgm-3 respectively. Thereafter, health risk assessment for chronic exposure to Black carbon was done (estimated/ evaluated/ calculated) according to the U.S. EPA human health risk assessment protocol. Experimental results were correlated with the data given by the Exposure Factors Handbook of EPA for assessing carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk associated with BC. Total carcinogenic risk (CR) was found to be 3.27 for adults and 1.34 for children. While total noncarcinogenic risk i.e hazard quotient (HQ) for adults and children were 243.32 and 594.32 respectively. Both CR and HQ values crossed the safe limit given by the US EPA protocol indicating high probability of the occurrence of adverse health effects. Journal of Engineering Science 12(2), 2021, 23-28

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Characterization of organic aerosols from a Chinese Mega-City during winter: predominance of fossil fuel combustion

10.5194/acp-2018-969 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Md. Mozammel Haque ◽

Kimitaka Kawamura ◽

Dhananjay K. Deshmukh ◽

Cao Fang ◽

Wenhuai Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuels ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Phthalate Esters ◽

Organic Aerosols ◽

Fuel Combustion ◽

Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽

Carbon Preference Index ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract. PM2.5 aerosol samples were collected in a typical mega-city in China (Nanjing: 32.21° N and 118.73° E) during winter and analyzed for more than 100 compounds of twelve organic compound classes. The most abundant classes of compounds are n-alkanes (average, 205 ng m−3), followed by fatty acids (76.3 ng m−3), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (64.3 ng m−3), anhydro-sugars (56.3 ng m−3), fatty alcohols (40.5 ng m−3), and phthalate esters (15.2 ng m−3), whereas hydroxy-/polyacids (8.33 ng m−3), aromatic acids (7.35 ng m−3), hopanes (4.19 ng m−3), primary sugars and sugar alcohols (4.15 ng m−3), lignin and resin products (2.94 ng m−3), and steranes (2.46 ng m−3) are less abundant. The carbon preference index of n-alkanes (0.83–1.38) indicated that they were mainly derived from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. Diagnostic concentration ratios of organic tracers suggested that PAHs and hopanes are mostly originated from coal burning and traffic emissions, respectively in Nanjing urban area. Positive matrix factorization analysis demonstrated that fossil fuel combustion is the dominant source (28.7 %) in Nanjing winter aerosols. Most of the compounds generally showed higher concentrations in nighttime than in daytime, due to the accumulation process associated with the inversion layers and increased emissions from heavy-duty trucks at night. We conclude that fossil fuel combustion largely influences the winter organic aerosols in urban Nanjing area. Based on the comparison of present results with previous studies, we found that pollution levels on organic aerosols have been decreased in the urban Nanjing atmosphere for the last decade.

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