scholarly journals Development of Conductive Nanocomposite for Sensing Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.12) ◽  
pp. 1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brijesh Prasad ◽  
Varij Panwar ◽  
Mayank Chaturvedi ◽  
Vikash Rathi ◽  
F S. Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Conductive Filler ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Dielectric Medium ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
The Matrix

Carbonaceous compounds being conductive in nature have proved themselves as the best conductive network assembly material with Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer matrix which forms dielectric medium. Carbon based compounds are conductive in nature and are being used  to form conductive channels for the flow of charge for the application of health as soft electronic devices and smart flexible conducting thin films in the form of sensors and actuators. Carbon nano fibers (CNF) play role of conductive filler to form conductive networks for the flow of charge in the polymer matrix. The interesting thing about CNF is its tailorable concentration. It influences the mechanical and electrical properties with different weight percent. In the present study solvent casting technique is used for the development of composite membrane, which is easy to fabricate and less costly. An increase in CNF content leads to deterioration of young’s modulus in comparison with pure PVDF, while with the infiltration of CNF in different quantities increases toughness and overall mechanical strength of the polymer composite of PVDF-CNF. CNF helped in increasing the electrical conductivity of the samples by entrapping in between the matrix and helping in bridge formation for the charge flow. The obtained conductive membrane showed low resistance, good electrical properties and high conductivity. The conductive film can be utilized as a conductive medium as it was able to glow the LED bulb at very low voltage of 2 V with drop of 1.8 V.  

Percolation and Electrical Conductivity Modeling of Novel Microstructured Insulator-Conductor Nanocomposites Fabricated from PMMA and ATO

2014 ◽  
Vol 1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngho Jin ◽  
Rosario A. Gerhardt
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Percolation Threshold ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Conductive Filler ◽  
Molding Pressure ◽  
Shape Transformation ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
3D Network

ABSTRACTThe electrical conductivity of insulating polymer matrix composites undergoes radical increase at a certain concentration of conductive filler, which is known as the percolation threshold. Polymer matrix conductive nanocomposites were fabricated by compression molding the mechanically mixed poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and antimony tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles, as has been done with other polymer composites before. The electrical conductivity of PMMA/ATO nanocomposites increased by several orders of magnitude at a small concentration of ATO (∼ 0.27 vol %). The continuous 3D network like distribution of ATO nanoparticles contributed to this percolation at subcritical filler concentrations. The effects of processing parameters on these unique microstructures and electrical properties were investigated. The tetrakaidecahedron-like microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and was found to be affected by the molding pressure, temperature and amount of nanoparticles. The viscoelastic flow of matrix under the optimum processing conditions allowed the shape transformation of PMMA into space filling polyhedra and an ordered distribution of ATO nanoparticles along the sharp edges of the PMMA. Parametric finite element analysis was performed to model this unique microstructure-driven percolation. The 2D simplified model was generated in AC/DC frequency domain mode in COMSOL Multiphysics® to solve the effects of ordered distribution of conductive nanoparticles on the electrical properties of the composite. There was excellent agreement between experimental and simulated values of electrical conductivity and percolation concentration. This model can be used to predict percolation threshold and electrical properties for any types of composite systems containing insulating matrix and conductive fillers that can form this unique microstructure.

scholarly journals Effect of ultrahigh diluted homeopathic medicines on the electrical properties of PVDF-HFP

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Ahana Chatterjee ◽  
Biplab kumar Paul ◽  
Subrata Kar ◽  
Sukhen Das ◽  
Ruma Basu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Simple Solution ◽  
Solution Casting ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Ftir Studies ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Solution Casting Technique

In an effort to improve the electrical properties of the electroactive Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP), we introduced a novel and simple approach to synthesize PVDF-HFP composite films by incorporating ultrahigh dilutions of two homeopathic medicines Ferrum metallicum (FM) and Zincum oxidatum (ZO) in different potencies. The homeo-PVDF-composite films (HPCF) were synthesized by simple solution casting technique. XRD, FESEM, FTIR studies were performed to check the presence of nanoparticles in the film. The electrical properties of the HPCF samples get enhanced significantly due to the incorporation of the medicines and the effect increases with the increase in potency of the medicines.

Transparent conductive nanocomposite layers with polymer matrix and silver nanowires reinforcement

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (93) ◽  
pp. 59-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Dobrzański ◽  
B. Nieradka-Buczek
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Light Waves ◽  
Composite Layers ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Materials Used

Purpose: The article deals with one of the completely new groups of composite inorganic nanostructured materials used in the form of surface layers, characterised by unique properties, such as transparency over 84.4% in the field of visible light waves, anti-reflective and electrical properties comparable to semiconductors. Design/methodology/approach: A technology for producing such layers containing not less than 5% of silver nanowires by mixing a colloid containing silver nanowires from fragmented agglomerates by ultrasound homogeniser with the polymer dissolved in chloroform with good bonding to the polymer matrix and of good quality was developed. Findings: It was shown that increasing the content of silver nanowires to 30% in composite layers causes an increase in the refractive coefficient from 1.9 to 2.2 and a decrease in light transmission from 88.1 to 81.9% and a decrease in the value of light reflection from 11.1% up to 6.7%. With an increased content of silver nanowires, these layers show better electrical properties, and the width of the energy gap is reduced from 3.93 eV to 1.60 eV. Composite layers with a mass fraction greater than 5% of silver nanowires show properties analogous to semiconductors despite the metallic nature of their conductivity. Research limitations/implications: The use of silver nanowires as a reinforcement of transparent nanocomposite layers with a poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA matrix improves selected optical and electrical properties as a result of the uniform distribution of the reinforcing phase in the matrix material. Originality/value: The influence of the content of silver nanowires, layering conditions, applied methods of dispersing silver nanowires in the matrix material on the structure and properties of newly developed nanocomposite layers was determined.

Electrical properties of composites as affected by the degree of mixedness of the conductive filler in the polymer matrix

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1609-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilhan M. Kalyon ◽  
Elvan Birinci ◽  
Rahmi Yazici ◽  
Bahadir Karuv ◽  
Shawn Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Conductive Filler ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Mechanical characterization of LM25 alloy matrix composite reinforced with boron carbide

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110055
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Ahmad ◽  
Sabah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Boron Carbide ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Surface Mapping ◽  
Alloy Matrix ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Carbide Particles

Alumnium alloy LM 25 based composites reinforced with boron carbide at different weight fractions of 4%, 8%, and 12% were fabricated by stir casting technique. The microstructures and morphology of the fabricated composites were studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Elemental mapping of all fabricated composites were done to demonstrate the elements present in the matrix and fabricated composites. The results of microstructural analyses reveal homogenous dispersion of reinforcement particles in the matrix with some little amount of clustering found in composites reinforced with 12% wt. of boron carbide. The mechanical characterization is done for both alloy LM 25 and all fabricated composites based on hardness and tensile strength. The hardness increased from 13.6% to 21.31% and tensile strength 6.4% to 22.8% as reinforcement percentage of boron carbide particles increased from 0% to 12% wt. A fractured surface mapping was also done for all composites.

scholarly journals A mechanism for fire retardancy realized by a combination of biofillers and ammonium polyphosphate in various polymer systems

Cellulose ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koki Matsumoto ◽  
Tatsuya Tanaka ◽  
Masahiro Sasada ◽  
Noriyuki Sano ◽  
Kenta Masuyama
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Polymer System ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Fire Retardancy ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Behavior ◽  
Burning Behavior ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Decomposition Behavior

AbstractThis study focused on realizing fire retardancy for polymer composites by using a cellulosic biofiller and ammonium polyphosphate (APP). The motivation of this study was based on revealing the mechanism of the synergetic effect of a cellulosic biofiller and APP and determining the parameters required for achieving a V-0 rating in UL94 standard regardless of the kind of polymer system used. As for the polymer matrix, polypropylene and polylactic acid were used. The flammability, burning behavior and thermal decomposition behavior of the composites were investigated through a burning test according to the UL-94 standard, cone calorimetric test and thermogravimetric analysis. As a result, the incorporation of a high amount of cellulose enabled a V-0 rating to be achieved with only a small amount of APP despite the variation of the optimum cellulose loading between the matrix polymers. Through analysis, the results indicated that APP decreased the dehydration temperature of cellulose. Furthermore, APP promoted the generation of enough water as a nonflammable gas and formed enough char until the degradation of the polymer matrix was complete. The conditions required to achieve the V-0 rating were suggested against composites incorporating APP and biofillers. Furthermore, the suggested conditions were validated by using polyoxymethylene as a highly flammable polymer.

Preparation and electrical properties of γ form poly(vinylidene fluoride) thin film by vapour deposition in the presence of an electric field

1991 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiyoshi Takeno ◽  
Norimasa Okui ◽  
Tetsuji Kitoh ◽  
Michiharu Muraoka ◽  
Susumu Umemoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Vapour Deposition ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride

scholarly journals Comparison of the Dielectric Properties of Ecoflex® with L,D-Poly(Lactic Acid) or Polycaprolactone in the Presence of SWCN or 5CB

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1719
Author(s):  
Patryk Fryń ◽  
Sebastian Lalik ◽  
Natalia Górska ◽  
Agnieszka Iwan ◽  
Monika Marzec
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Hybrid Layers

The main goal of this paper was to study the dielectric properties of hybrid binary and ternary composites based on biodegradable polymer Ecoflex®, single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN), and liquid crystalline 4′-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5CB) compound. The obtained results were compared with other created analogically to Ecoflex®, hybrid layers based on biodegradable polymers such as L,D-polylactide (L,D-PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL). Frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy (FDDS) results were analyzed taking into consideration the amount of SWCN, frequency, and temperature. For pure Ecoflex®, two relaxation processes (α and β) were identified. It was shown that the SWCN admixture (in the weight ratio 10:0.01) did not change the properties of the Ecoflex® layer, while in the case of PCL and L,D-PLA, the layers became conductive. The dielectric constant increased with an increase in the content of SWCN in the Ecoflex® matrix and the conductive behavior was not visible, even for the greatest concentration (10:0.06 weight ratio). In the case of the Ecoflex® polymer matrix, the conduction relaxation process at a frequency ca. several kilohertz appeared and became stronger with an increase in the SWCN admixture in the matrix. Addition of oleic acid to the polymer matrix had a smaller effect on the increase in the dielectric response than the addition of liquid crystal 5CB. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results revealed that the molecular structure and chemical character of the Ecoflex® and PCL matrixes remained unchanged upon the addition of SWCN or 5CB in a weight ratio of 10:0.01 and 10:1, respectively, while molecular interactions appeared between L,D-PLA and 5CB. Moreover, adding oleic acid to pure Ecoflex® as well as the binary and ternary hybrid layers with SWCN and/or 5CB in a weight ratio of Ecoflex®:oleic acid equal to 10:0.3 did not have an influence on the chemical bonding of these materials.

The effect of composition and cooling rate on the structure of rapidly solidified (Fe, Ni)3Al–C alloys

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Myers ◽  
C. C. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Quench Rate ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Metastable Structures ◽  
Metastable Structure ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Rapidly Solidified ◽  
Kinetics Of

There is controversy in the literature regarding the existence of the metastable γ′ phase with an ordered Ll2 structure in rapidly solidified Fe–Ni–Al–C alloys. In this study, the quench rate–metastable structure dependence was examined in the Fe–20Ni–8Al–2C (weight percent) alloy. The effect of silicon on the kinetics of phase formation was studied by adding two weight percent silicon to a base alloy of Fe–20Ni–8Al–2C. Samples were rapidly solidified in an arc hammer apparatus and examined by transmission electron microscopy. In the Fe–20Ni–8Al–2C alloy, the nonequilibrium γ′ and γ phases were found in foils 65 to 100 μm thick. At higher quench rates, i.e., thinner samples, the matrix was observed to be disordered fcc γ with K-carbide precipitates. Samples containing silicon were found to have a matrix composed of γ′ and γ structures when the foils were thicker than 40 μm. At higher quench rates, the matrix was disordered fcc γ with K-carbide precipitates. The nonequilibrium γ′ and γ structures are present in samples with or without silicon, but are observed at higher cooling rates with the addition of silicon. This sensitivity to cooling rate and composition in resulting metastable structures may explain the differences reported in the literature for these rapidly solidified materials.

OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF ARGON ION BEAM IRRADIATED PVA/Ag NANOCOMPOSITES

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750038 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. ABDEL REHEEM ◽  
A. ATTA ◽  
T. A. AFIFY
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Dielectric Measurement ◽  
Optical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Argon Ion

In this work, PVA/Ag nanocomposites films were prepared using solution casting technique, these films were irradiated with Argon ion beam to modify the structure. The main objective of the study is to enhance the optical and electrical properties of the polymer nanocomposites films by irradiation. The conventional characterization techniques such as UV–Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dielectric measurement are employed to understand the structure–property relations. FTIR analysis of these composite films shows chemical changes and a significant impact on them can be observed after irradiation. After doping, the XRD data shows silver nanoparticles formation in the PVA polymer. The band gap energy of samples is decreased with increases in the concentration of silver nanoparticles and ion beam fluence, which gives clear indication that ion beam irradiation induced defects are formed in the composite systems. The electrical conductivity, dielectric loss [Formula: see text] and dielectric constant [Formula: see text] are increased with increasing ion beam fluence and Ag dopant concentration.

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