Transparent conductive nanocomposite layers with polymer matrix and silver nanowires reinforcement

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (93) ◽  
pp. 59-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Dobrzański ◽  
B. Nieradka-Buczek
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Light Waves ◽  
Composite Layers ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Materials Used

Purpose: The article deals with one of the completely new groups of composite inorganic nanostructured materials used in the form of surface layers, characterised by unique properties, such as transparency over 84.4% in the field of visible light waves, anti-reflective and electrical properties comparable to semiconductors. Design/methodology/approach: A technology for producing such layers containing not less than 5% of silver nanowires by mixing a colloid containing silver nanowires from fragmented agglomerates by ultrasound homogeniser with the polymer dissolved in chloroform with good bonding to the polymer matrix and of good quality was developed. Findings: It was shown that increasing the content of silver nanowires to 30% in composite layers causes an increase in the refractive coefficient from 1.9 to 2.2 and a decrease in light transmission from 88.1 to 81.9% and a decrease in the value of light reflection from 11.1% up to 6.7%. With an increased content of silver nanowires, these layers show better electrical properties, and the width of the energy gap is reduced from 3.93 eV to 1.60 eV. Composite layers with a mass fraction greater than 5% of silver nanowires show properties analogous to semiconductors despite the metallic nature of their conductivity. Research limitations/implications: The use of silver nanowires as a reinforcement of transparent nanocomposite layers with a poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA matrix improves selected optical and electrical properties as a result of the uniform distribution of the reinforcing phase in the matrix material. Originality/value: The influence of the content of silver nanowires, layering conditions, applied methods of dispersing silver nanowires in the matrix material on the structure and properties of newly developed nanocomposite layers was determined.

A Study on Characteristic of Polymer Matrix Composites Using Experimental and Statistical Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 368-370 ◽  
pp. 683-686
Author(s):  
Ahmad Mubarak Tajul Arifin ◽  
Shahrum Abdullah ◽  
Rozli Zulkifli ◽  
Dzuraidah Abd Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Thermoset Epoxy ◽  
Chopped Strand Mat ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
And Behavior

This paper focuses on the characteristic study of polymer matrix composites using a statistical approach, in terms of difference experimental and reflected to difference stacking sequence and orientation of composite lamination. Composite material, have an excellent characteristic and behavior, but with a difference application and materials used, it have a difference phenomenon occurred before the composite structure are collapsed. Therefore, in order to understand the characteristic of polymer matrix composites, it needs to investigate the phenomenon that influences the structure of composite lamination before failures. In this research, polymer matrix composites are produced using difference material and stacking sequence of lamination. The matrix used is thermoset epoxy and polyester resin with chopped strand mat (CSM) and woven roving (WR) as reinforcement materials. It has been produced using hand lay-up technique. The experimental work is carried out using the tension and flexural test accordance to ASTM-D3039 and D-D790 standard. By using a statistical approach, it can clearly show the differential between materials used with a characteristic of composite materials. It is noted, based on this investigation it also showed difference phenomenon failures and damage structure of polymer matrix composites with difference type of experimental.

Justification of the Choice Matrix Material of the Magnetoactive Elastomer for Working Camera-Channel Peristaltic Unit

2016 ◽  
Vol 870 ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Vasilyeva
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Pumping Units ◽  
Material Studies ◽  
Resultant Material

The article analyzes the promising polymeric materials to be used as a template in the manufacture of magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs). MAEs belong to the group of so-called smart materials; they can be used to creeate new techniques and technologies. MAEs are promising materials used to manufacture the working chamber of pumping units for the implementation of peristaltic movements in highly viscous and highly condensed substances. Environments, which is in contact with an element of MAEs, specifically high viscosity asphaltenic oil, impose substantial restrictions on the choice of the polymer matrix for its production, taking into consideration the influence of the material selected to modify the rheological properties of the resultant material. Studies of fluoropolymers basic properties have been conducted. According to their results it is concluded that fluorine-containing polymers can be used as the polymer matrix to manufacture MAEs in contact with aggressive high viscosity substances.

scholarly journals Development of Conductive Nanocomposite for Sensing Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.12) ◽  
pp. 1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brijesh Prasad ◽  
Varij Panwar ◽  
Mayank Chaturvedi ◽  
Vikash Rathi ◽  
F S. Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Conductive Filler ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Dielectric Medium ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
The Matrix

Carbonaceous compounds being conductive in nature have proved themselves as the best conductive network assembly material with Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer matrix which forms dielectric medium. Carbon based compounds are conductive in nature and are being used  to form conductive channels for the flow of charge for the application of health as soft electronic devices and smart flexible conducting thin films in the form of sensors and actuators. Carbon nano fibers (CNF) play role of conductive filler to form conductive networks for the flow of charge in the polymer matrix. The interesting thing about CNF is its tailorable concentration. It influences the mechanical and electrical properties with different weight percent. In the present study solvent casting technique is used for the development of composite membrane, which is easy to fabricate and less costly. An increase in CNF content leads to deterioration of young’s modulus in comparison with pure PVDF, while with the infiltration of CNF in different quantities increases toughness and overall mechanical strength of the polymer composite of PVDF-CNF. CNF helped in increasing the electrical conductivity of the samples by entrapping in between the matrix and helping in bridge formation for the charge flow. The obtained conductive membrane showed low resistance, good electrical properties and high conductivity. The conductive film can be utilized as a conductive medium as it was able to glow the LED bulb at very low voltage of 2 V with drop of 1.8 V.  

scholarly journals The AC and DC Conductivity of Nanocomposites

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. McLachlan ◽  
Godfrey Sauti
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Dc Conductivity ◽  
Critical Volume ◽  
Matrix Structure ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Conducting Component ◽  
Critical Volume Fraction ◽  
The Matrix

The microstructures of binary (conductor-insulator) composites, containing nanoparticles, will usually have one of two basic structures. The first is the matrix structure where the nanoparticles (granules) are embedded in and always coated by the matrix material and there are no particle-particle contacts. The AC and DC conductivity of this microstructure is usually described by the Maxwell-Wagner/Hashin-Shtrikman or Bricklayer model. The second is a percolation structure, which can be thought to be made up by randomly packing the two types of granules (not necessarily the same size) together. In percolation systems, there exits a critical volume fraction below which the electrical properties are dominated by the insulating component and above which the conducting component dominates. Such percolation systems are best analyzed using the two-exponent phenomenological percolation equation (TEPPE). This paper discusses all of the above and addresses the problem of how to distinguish among the microstructures using electrical measurements.

Polishing process effect on the image of dispersed precipitates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 534-535
Author(s):  
C.T. Hu ◽  
C.W. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Material ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Precipitate Particle ◽  
Polishing Process ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Surface Profiles ◽  
Thinning Process

One important problem in determination of precipitate particle size is the effect of preferential thinning during TEM specimen preparation. Figure 1a schematically represents the original polydispersed Ni3Al precipitates in the Ni rich matrix. The three possible type surface profiles of TEM specimens, which result after electrolytic thinning process are illustrated in Figure 1b. c. & d. These various surface profiles could be produced by using different polishing electrolytes and conditions (i.e. temperature and electric current). The matrix-preferential-etching process causes the matrix material to be attacked much more rapidly than the second phase particles. Figure 1b indicated the result. The nonpreferential and precipitate-preferential-etching results are shown in Figures 1c and 1d respectively.

Application of cross correlation to HREM images of surfaces

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 754-755
Author(s):  
D. E. Luzzi ◽  
L. D. Marks ◽  
M. I. Buckett
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
Complex Image ◽  
Fourier Filtering ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Data Reduction Technique

As the HREM becomes increasingly used for the study of dynamic localized phenomena, the development of techniques to recover the desired information from a real image is important. Often, the important features are not strongly scattering in comparison to the matrix material in addition to being masked by statistical and amorphous noise. The desired information will usually involve the accurate knowledge of the position and intensity of the contrast. In order to decipher the desired information from a complex image, cross-correlation (xcf) techniques can be utilized. Unlike other image processing methods which rely on data massaging (e.g. high/low pass filtering or Fourier filtering), the cross-correlation method is a rigorous data reduction technique with no a priori assumptions.We have examined basic cross-correlation procedures using images of discrete gaussian peaks and have developed an iterative procedure to greatly enhance the capabilities of these techniques when the contrast from the peaks overlap.

Formation of high temperature phase in flash-evaporated SnSe films

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
J.P.S. Hanjra
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
High Temperature Phase ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Flash Evaporation ◽  
Photovoltaic Applications

Tin mono selenide (SnSe) with an energy gap of about 1 eV is a potential material for photovoltaic applications. Various authors have studied the structure, electronic and photoelectronic properties of thin films of SnSe grown by various deposition techniques. However, for practical photovoltaic junctions the electrical properties of SnSe films need improvement. We have carried out investigations into the properties of flash evaporated SnSe films. In this paper we report our results on the structure, which plays a dominant role on the electrical properties of thin films by TEM, SEM, and electron diffraction (ED).Thin films of SnSe were deposited by flash evaporation of SnSe fine powder prepared from high purity Sn and Se, onto glass, mica and KCl substrates in a vacuum of 2Ø micro Torr. A 15% HF + 2Ø% HNO3 solution was used to detach SnSe film from the glass and mica substrates whereas the film deposited on KCl substrate was floated over an ethanol water mixture by dissolution of KCl. The floating films were picked up on the grids for their EM analysis.

Impact Strength, Flexural Modulus and Wear Rate of PMMA Composites Reinforced by Eggshell Powders

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (7A) ◽  
pp. 960-966
Author(s):  
Aseel M. Abdullah ◽  
Hussein Jaber ◽  
Hanaa A. Al-Kaisy
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Pure Pmma ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interface Bond

In the present study, the impact strength, flexural modulus, and wear rate of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) with eggshell powder (ESP) composites have been investigated. The PMMA used as a matrix material reinforced with ESP at two different states (including untreated eggshell powder (UTESP) and treated eggshell powder (TESP)). Both UTESP and TESP were mixed with PMMA at different weight fractions ranged from (1-5) wt.%. The results revealed that the mechanical properties of the PMMA/ESP composites were enhanced steadily with increasing eggshell contents. The samples with 5 wt.% of UTESP and TESP additions give the maximum values of impact strength, about twice the value of the pure PMMA sample. The calcination process of eggshells powders gives better properties of the PMMA samples compared with the UTESP at the same weight fraction due to improvements in the interface bond between the matrix and particles. The wear characteristics of the PMMA composites decrease by about 57% with increases the weight fraction of TESP up to 5 wt.%. The flexural modulus values are slightly enhanced by increasing of the ESP contents in the PMMA composites.

scholarly journals Self-Reinforced Nylon 6 Composite for Smart Vibration Damping

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1235
Author(s):  
Bidita Salahuddin ◽  
Rahim Mutlu ◽  
Tajwar A. Baigh ◽  
Mohammed N. Alghamdi ◽  
Shazed Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Material ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Vibration Damping ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Damping Factor ◽  
Passive Vibration Control ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Coiled Structure ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
3D Printed

Passive vibration control using polymer composites has been extensively investigated by the engineering community. In this paper, a new kind of vibration dampening polymer composite was developed where oriented nylon 6 fibres were used as the reinforcement, and 3D printed unoriented nylon 6 was used as the matrix material. The shape of the reinforcing fibres was modified to a coiled structure which transformed the fibres into a smart thermoresponsive actuator. This novel self-reinforced composite was of high mechanical robustness and its efficacy was demonstrated as an active dampening system for oscillatory vibration of a heated vibrating system. The blocking force generated within the reinforcing coiled actuator was responsible for dissipating vibration energy and increase the magnitude of the damping factor compared to samples made of non-reinforced nylon 6. Further study shows that the appropriate annealing of coiled actuators provides an enhanced dampening capability to the composite structure. The extent of crystallinity of the reinforcing actuators is found to directly influence the vibration dampening capacity.

scholarly journals A mechanism for fire retardancy realized by a combination of biofillers and ammonium polyphosphate in various polymer systems

Cellulose ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koki Matsumoto ◽  
Tatsuya Tanaka ◽  
Masahiro Sasada ◽  
Noriyuki Sano ◽  
Kenta Masuyama
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Polymer System ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Fire Retardancy ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Behavior ◽  
Burning Behavior ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Decomposition Behavior

AbstractThis study focused on realizing fire retardancy for polymer composites by using a cellulosic biofiller and ammonium polyphosphate (APP). The motivation of this study was based on revealing the mechanism of the synergetic effect of a cellulosic biofiller and APP and determining the parameters required for achieving a V-0 rating in UL94 standard regardless of the kind of polymer system used. As for the polymer matrix, polypropylene and polylactic acid were used. The flammability, burning behavior and thermal decomposition behavior of the composites were investigated through a burning test according to the UL-94 standard, cone calorimetric test and thermogravimetric analysis. As a result, the incorporation of a high amount of cellulose enabled a V-0 rating to be achieved with only a small amount of APP despite the variation of the optimum cellulose loading between the matrix polymers. Through analysis, the results indicated that APP decreased the dehydration temperature of cellulose. Furthermore, APP promoted the generation of enough water as a nonflammable gas and formed enough char until the degradation of the polymer matrix was complete. The conditions required to achieve the V-0 rating were suggested against composites incorporating APP and biofillers. Furthermore, the suggested conditions were validated by using polyoxymethylene as a highly flammable polymer.

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