scholarly journals Experimental Study on Building Demolished Waste Stabilized Expansive Soil with Potassium Chloride

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.31) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
K M. Ganesh ◽  
A S.S.Vara Prasad ◽  
M Jagapathi Raju
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Moisture Variation ◽  
Loaded Structure ◽  
Engineering Projects

All the civil engineering  projects such as highways, water reservoirs, railways, buildings etc. requires large quantity of earth material. The mankind was wondering about the instability of earth materials especially expansive soil for centuries. Large areas are being covered with highly plastic and expansive soil quite often which is not suitable for such purpose. They can be hard when dry and they can be soft in moist conditions. Soils subjected to volumetric changes with seasonal moisture variation always create problem for lightly loaded structure by consolidating under load. It results in excessive settlement of superstructures usually and differential movements causing damage to foundation systems, structural elements and architectural features. Promising results were obtained by various researchers for the application of such expansive soil after stabilization with additives such as sand, silt, lime, fly ash, etc. A relatively new solid waste, Building Demolished Waste (BDW), can be used for stabilization of expansive soils for various uses in combination with potassium chloride. This study was planned to access the role of potassium chloride inclusions in improving the weak expansive soil besides stabilizing it with Building Demolished Waste in different proportions.  

Experimental Study on Expansion Characteristics, Frost Heaving Characteristics of EPS Beads Improved Expansive Soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li Xu ◽  
Xiang Min Qu ◽  
Li Jia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Comparative Test ◽  
Frost Heave ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Frost Heaving ◽  
Soil Frost ◽  
Test Study

Proposed EPS beads for the improvement of expansive soil in cold regions. Based on laboratory soil test study the feasibility and mechanism of the EPS beads improving expansive soils. Through four sets of comparative test with different contents of the EPS beads, the result indicates: The expansion rate of the soil, frost heave amount decreases with the increase in EPS beads content, EPS beads can effectively inhibit the expansion of expansive soil and frost heaving, proposed the optimal dosage.

scholarly journals Role of Silica in Additive Improvement of Engineering Characteristics of Expansive Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4509-4513
Keyword(s):  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Engineering Characteristics

Expansive soils, on account of their typical swelling and shrinkage characteristics pose a lot of problems for construction engineers. These swelling and shrinkage characteristics are attributed to presence of certain minerals in expansive soils and they swell in presence of water and shrink otherwise. This alternate swelling and shrinkage endangers safety of the structures built over such soils and they need to be treated to improve upon such a behavior which can be done by addition to such soils, certain admixtures also containing silica. If any improvement is done by adding certain admixtures, such improvement is known as additive improvement. In this paper we will discuss about role of silica in achieving improvement.s

scholarly journals A Comparative Laboratory Investigation into the Role of Geosynthetics in the Initial Swell Control of an Expansive Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-40
Author(s):  
Jijo James ◽  
Sivapriya Vijayasimhan ◽  
Hemavathi Srinivasan ◽  
Jayasri Arulselvan ◽  
Sathya Purushothaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Investigation ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
Material Orientation ◽  
Effective Role

Abstract Volume change in expansive soils due to the intervention of water causes swell. A laboratory investigation using two different gbeosynthetic materials was designed to minimise the swell characteristics. The influence of three parameters, being geosynthetic material [Secutex (ST) and Combigrid (CG)], orientation (horizontal and vertical), and number of layers (1, 2, and 3) on the swell of an expansive soil was studied to better understand the potential for geosynthetics in swell control. The study on the immediate swell characteristics (limited to 24 hours) helps in gaining confidence in the use of geosynthetics in the swell control of expansive soils. From the investigation results, it was found that all three parameters, being type of material, orientation, and number of layers influenced the swell control of the soil. When two layers of ST and CG were placed both vertically and crossed, they reduced the swell of the virgin soil by almost 60% and 44%, respectively. It can, therefore, be concluded that geosynthetics can play an effective role in the swell control of expansive soils.

scholarly journals Expansive Clay Cracking Behavior through Digital Image Correlation

2020 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Arthur Gomes Dantas de Araujo ◽  
Nayara Torres Belfort ◽  
Felipe Araujo Silva Barbosa ◽  
Thalita Cristiana Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Silvio Romero de Melo Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Expansive Clay ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Cracking Behavior ◽  
Engineering Projects

Expansive soils may present cracks arising from the drying process and their evolution can cause irreparable damages to engineering projects. Investigating this phenomenon is vital to understanding its geomechanics. The objective of this article is to present numerical modelling of the formation and propagation of cracks in expansive soil. A desiccation experiment was therefore carried out using an expansive silty clay from Paulista, in northeastern Brazil. The drying process was monitored by measuring the temperature and relative humidity of the air, as well as by capturing images with a camera. The digital images were correlated using the Ncorr numerical tool in MATLAB. As a result, this study made it possible to conclude that the soil cracking dynamics presented a non-orthogonal pattern during the dryness test, while the image treatment made it possible to observe the tendency of cracks to appear and propagate on the soil surface, allowing for the detection of crack growth and propagation trends.

scholarly journals Performance of driven battered mini-pile group against expansive soil induced ground movement

2020 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 01030
Author(s):  
Shirin Aminzadeh Bostani Taleshani ◽  
Robert Evans ◽  
Emad Gad ◽  
Mahdi Miri Disfani
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pile Group ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Moisture Variation ◽  
The Impact

Swell-shrink movement of expansive soils due to seasonal wetting and drying can cause differential ground movements. This movement can inflict substantial structural damage above foundation level to lightly loaded infrastructure. To reduce this movement, techniques have been employed to either (i) chemically restrain the soil’s reactivity, (ii) control the moisture variation within the ground, or (iii) engage a footing system that can limit the impact of the stresses generated by such differential ground movements. Recently, a new concrete-free footing system has been developed in Australia in an attempt to sufficiently resist such ground movements. This system is comprised of an adjustable steel plate attached to the ground by multiple thin steel (hollow) battered mini-piles. The technology shows promise as a low-impact, cost-effective, excavation and concrete-free, innovative alternative to traditional footing systems. It is also quick and easy to install without the use of bulky and expensive equipment. Early field trial results have indicated that this new footing system can combat against and significantly reduce the transfer of the swell-shrink ground movements to a structure. This paper will describe this new footing system and report on an experimental field trial to date, which will include measured ground movements, moisture content and soil suction results vs. depth, as well as the performance of this new driven battered mini-pile group footing system.

Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity Variation of Expansive Yazoo Clay with Wet-Dry Cycles

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110119
Author(s):  
John Ivoke ◽  
Mohammad Sadik Khan ◽  
Masoud Nobahar
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Slope Failure ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Plastic Clay ◽  
Shrinkage Cracks ◽  
Moisture Variation ◽  
Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity

Expansive soils are subjected to shrink-swell behavior with moisture variation in Mississippi, United States. With successive moisture and temperature variations over the seasons, the hydraulic conductivity of expansive soil is subjected to change because of the development of shrinkage cracks, which can be as large as as 1.2 cm wide and 1.5 m deep in the field, affecting the vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv), whereas the horizontal hydraulic conductivity (Kh) remains fairly constant. The current study intends to investigate the hydraulic conductivity of highly expansive Yazoo clay at different wet-dry cycles. To observe the changes in the hydraulic conductivity with different wet-dry cycles in the laboratory, an instantaneous profile method to measure the permeability was utilized. Compacted Yazoo clay samples at different initial moisture content instrumented with moisture sensors at different depths to monitor changes in the moisture content were investigated. The samples were subjected to one, two, and three numbers (1N, 2N, and 3N) of wetting and drying cycles. For the drying process, testing chambers are kept in a controlled high-temperature booth of about 37°C simulating high summer temperatures in Mississippi. After the end of the wet-dry cycles, the test is performed to investigate the changes in the hydraulic conductivity of soil with the presence of shrinkage cracks. The hydraulic conductivity of highly plastic clay is very low at a fully compacted state and was observed to be (1.0×10-8 cm/s) at the 1N wetting phase. However, with an increment in the wet-dry cycles, the Kv of Yazoo clay increases (3.70×10-4 cm/s) after the sample is exposed to three wet-dry cycles. Even though the changes in the Kv of highly plastic clay define the infiltration behavior, which mostly controls the slope failure and pavement distress, consideration of the climatic loads is ignored in the design phase of the highway embankment and levees. By inclusion of the climatic variation, and evaluating the performance, the design life and resilience of the structures can be significantly increased

Medic Interaction Modes and Hospitalized Children Health

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveed Shibli ◽  
Miss Shehrish Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Face Pain ◽  
Children Health ◽  
Face Pain Scale

<p></p><p>In the present experimental study different interaction ‘modes’ those took place between a psychologist and a child were tested for the role of these towards health recovery of the child? Following were the interaction modes, a) presenting a flower with smile plus inquiring about health, b) offering a blessing plus inquiring about health, c) making an indifferent presence plus inquiring about health with flat tone, d) inquiring about health with providing precautions about prognosis. It was assumed that all modes would differently influence health outcomes? 100 hospitalized children located in child wards of different hospitals with randomized pre-post block design interacted. One each from four interaction modes was used for a group of 25 participants each. Actual ward discharge was compared with anticipatory estimated by each ward in-charge to calculate effect of mode on outcome. Face Pain Scale, The Children Happiness Scale and a Demographic Sheet were also used. Results reflected ‘modes’ relationship with outcomes. More studies would clarify further.</p><br><p></p>

The influence of information relevance on the continued influence effect of misinformation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Jin ◽  
Lina Jia ◽  
Xiaojuan Yin ◽  
Shilin Wei ◽  
Guiping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Personal Involvement ◽  
Influence Effect ◽  
Information Relevance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Role Of Information

Misinformation often continues to influence people’s cognition even after corrected (the ‘continued influence effect of misinformation’, the CIEM). This study investigated the role of information relevance in the CIEM by questionnaire survey and experimental study. The results showed that information with higher relevance to the individuals had a larger CIEM, indicating a role of information relevance in the CIEM. Personal involvement might explain the effects of information relevance on the CIEM. This study provides insightful clues for reducing the CIEM in different types of misinformation and misinformation with varying relevance.

“Eternal Bodies”: images of archangels in the upper parts of Nubian buildings

2020 ◽  
pp. 713-736
Author(s):  
Magdalena Łaptaś
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Christian Art ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Cosmic Space

Images of archangels and angels, which were painted on the walls, in the upper parts of the buildings and, on their structural elements, were very popular in Christian Nubian painting as attested by the discoveries from Church SWN.BV on the citadel in Old Dongola. These images, which derive from pre-Christian art, depict the eternal nature of the archangels and angels. Presenting this group of representations, the author traces the origins of these images to highlight the role of these spiritual beings as intermediaries between God and humankind. As such, they move freely between the Heavens and the Earth, so the air and cosmic space are their natural surroundings. Moreover, archangels govern the forces of nature, the planets, and the seven skies. Therefore, their sanctuaries were located on hill summits, in the upper chapels, on structural elements of ecclesiastical buildings, etc. The Nubian tradition is therefore part of a broader Mediterranean tradition, the roots of which should be sought in the Near East.

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