scholarly journals PO-070 Effects of hypoxic exercise training on aerobic capacity-related proteins in overweight/obese adult males

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanjun Wang ◽  
Jianmin Cao ◽  
Xingang Che ◽  
Bingxin Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Target Heart Rate ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Hypoxic Training ◽  
Hypoxic Group ◽  
Hypoxic Exercise

Objective Since the Mexican Olympic Games, altitude training has attracted the attention of international sports science circle with its remarkable training effect, which is regarded as one of the effective methods to improve aerobic capacity. With the improvement of altitude training by scholars at home and abroad, hypoxic training has gradually entered the public view. Hypoxic training aims to achieve hypoxic stimulation by artificially simulating the natural hypoxic environment in the plateau or simulating the biological effects of hypoxic on human body. However, whether the aerobic capacity can be improved through hypoxic training requires us to further study and explore the mechanism of hypoxic training. This study explored the mechanism of hypoxic exercise training by stimulating long-term hypoxic exercise training for overweight or obese adult males. Methods In this study, 40 male (aged 18—47 years) overweight/obese subjects were recruited. No physical condition was abnormal after physical examination, and BMI ≥ 24 was overweight, while BMI ≥ 28 was obese. All subjects were paired according to their weight and divided into the hypoxic group and the normoxic group, the exercise intervention lasted for 6 weeks. The exercise intervention program consists of 30min strength training and 30min endurance training, with 5 minutes of warm-up and finishing activities before and after training. Strength training uses dumbbells, chooses 12RM weight, exercise with 8 actions, which are dead lift, upright row, squat, shoulder press, calf Jump, advance junge, biceps curl and triceps extension, each action 2 Group, rest between groups for 30s. Endurance training grade 0°treadmill, speed range according to the target heart rate adjustment, the target heart rate interval computation method for 60% HRmax—70% HRmax. Among them, subjects in the hypoxic group wore inhaled low-oxygen devices, which enabled them to exercise in a hypoxic environment. The oxygen content of the inhaled mixed gas was 16%. The subjects in the aerobic group exercised in an aerobic environment. Nutritional education was administered to all subjects prior to the start of the exercise intervention, but diet was not restricted during the intervention. Fasting venous blood before and after intervention, the detection of hemoglobin (Hb) and erythropoietin (EPO), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and testosterone (T). All test results are the mean ± standard deviation, data comparison between groups using nonparametric the Mann-Whitney U test, data comparison in the group using nonparametric Wilcoxon match the symbol rank test, the significance level of P<0.05, very significance level of P<0.01. Results  (1) After 6 weeks of intervention, Hb levels were elevated in the hypoxic group, but there was no statistically difference compared with the pre-intervention (P>0.05). And the change rate of Hb in the hypoxic group was higher than that in the normoxic group, but there was no statistically significant difference between the subjects (P>0.05). EPO levels were significantly higher in hypoxia group than before intervention (P<0.01). There was no significant change in EPO levels in the normoxic group (P>0.05). The change rate of EPO in the hypoxic group was statistically higher compared with the normoxic group (P<0.05). The level of HIF1α was significantly increased in the hypoxic group (P<0.01), and the change rate of HIF1α in the hypoxic group was statistically higher compared with the normox group (P<0.01). The VEGF level in the hypoxic group was significantly higher than that before the intervention (P<0.05). The change rate of VEGF in the hypoxic group was statistically higher compared with the normoxic group (P<0.01). The T level of the hypoxic group was significantly higher than that before the intervention (P<0.01), and the T level was decreased in the normoxic group, but it was not statistically difference compared with the pre-intervention (P >0.05), the rate of T change in the hypoxic group was statistically significant compared with the normox group (P<0.01). Conclusions 6-week hypoxic exercise training can increase the levels of EPO, HIF1α, VEGF and T in the blood of overweight/obese people.

scholarly journals PO-093 Effects of 6-week hypoxic exercise on aerobic capacity-related proteins in overweight/obese women

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Chang ◽  
Jianmin Cao ◽  
Yue Yu ◽  
Xu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Target Heart Rate ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hypoxic Group

Objective To explore the effects of hypoxic and normoxic exercise on hemoglobin (Hb), erythropoietin (EPO), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in overweight women. Methods This study enrolled 40 female overweight/obese subjects, age is among 18-47 years old, with no abnormal physical examination. The overweight standard is BMI ≥ 24, and the obesity standard is BMI ≥ 28. All subjects were paired according to body weight, divided into hypoxia group and normoxia group, doing 6 weeks of exercise intervention, 3 times a week, every next day one time. The exercise intervention includes 30 minutes of strength training and 30 minutes of endurance training. There are 5 minutes of warm up before training and 5 minutes cool down after the training. Strength training uses the device as a dumbbell. The training content consists of 8 movements, there are dead lift, upright row, squat, shoulder press, calf Jump, advance junge, biceps curl and triceps extension, and the weight is 12RM. 2 sets for each action, rest between sets is 30s. Endurance training uses a treadmill with a slope of 0°, and the speed is adjusted according to the target heart rate interval. The calculation method of the target heart rate interval is (220-age)×60%～(220-age)×70%. Among them, the hypoxic group is equipped with a suction-type atmospheric hypoxic device, which moves with low-oxygen environment, and the oxygen content of the inhaled mixed gas is 16%; the normoxic group moves with normal oxygen environment. Nutritional education was given to all subjects prior before the start of exercise intervention, but diet was not restricted during the intervention. Fasting venous blood was taken before and after Fasting venous blood before and after exercise intervention intervention, and Hb, EPO, HIF1α, and VEGF were detected. All the test results were expressed by mean±standard deviation (x±SD). The data between two groups were compared by non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. The intra-group data were compared using a nonparametric Wilcoxon match for the symbol level test, with a significance level of P < 0.05 and a very significant level of P < 0.01. Results After the intervention, the Hb level in the hypoxic group was increased, but there was no significant difference compared with the pre-intervention group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the Hb change rate between the hypoxic group and the normoxic group (P>0.05). The EPO level in the hypoxic group was significantly increased, and there was a statistically significant difference compared with the pre-intervention group (P<0.01). There was no significant change in the EPO level in the normoxic group (P>0.05). The EPO change rate in the hypoxic group was compared with the normoxic group. There was no statistical difference (P>0.05). The level of HIF1α in the hypoxic group was significantly higher than that before the intervention (P<0.01). The level of HIF1α in the normoxic group was significantly lower than that before the intervention (P<0.01). The rate of change of HIF1α in the oxygen group was statistically different from that in the normox group (P<0.01). The level of VEGF in the hypoxic group was increased, but the level of VEGF in the normoxic group was decreased, but there was no significant difference compared with the pre-intervention group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of VEGF in the hypoxic group compared with the normoxic group(P>0.05). Conclusions Compared with normotensive exercise, 6-week exercise increased the levels of Hb and EPO in overweight women, but the difference between hypoxia and normoxia was not significant. The level of HIF1α in the hypoxic group was increased, and the level of HIF1α in the normoxic group was decreased. This index was significantly affected by hypoxia. The level of VEGF in the hypoxic group was increased, and the level of VEGF in the normoxic group was decreased, but the effects of hypoxia and exercise were not obvious.

scholarly journals PO-075 Effects of hypoxic exercise on weight loss and lipid metabolism in overweight/obese adult women

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwen Lian ◽  
Jianmin Cao ◽  
Kun Ai ◽  
Xiaolei Deng
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Hypoxic Environment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hypoxic Group ◽  
Hypoxic Exercise

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of hypoxic exercise intervention on weight loss and weight control in overweight and obese people from the perspective of lipid metabolism through the exercise intervention in this experiment under normal pressure and low oxygen environment. Exercise is indispensable in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Scientific weight loss is firstly to change the original unhealthy daily life habits and to develop a good lifestyle and to control diet and to exercise regularly. Exercise in a hypoxic environment, the body should accept the dual stimulation of environmental what hypoxia and exercise hypoxia. Exercise in a hypoxic environment can deepen the impact on lipid metabolism. In a hypoxic environment, the oxygen saturation of the human arteries (the concentration of blood oxygen in the blood) is reduced; in altitude training or intermittent hypoxia training conditions, blood oxygen saturation can be reduced to 80-85%, and it is not in the normoxic environment. The result of hypoxia is that the muscles are forced to do anaerobic metabolism. In order to provide energy during exercise, and the body will store the stored fat to supply energy. Methods The subjects in this study were adult overweight or obese women between the ages from 18 to 47 for a total of 40. Subjects with a BMI ≥ 24 were overweight and subjects with a BMI ≥ 28 were obese. Subjects who passed the physical examination screening were healthy and had normal motor function. All subjects used the weight index to pair the average into subgroups what hypoxic and normoxic groups. Exercise intervention, the training period is 6 weeks, the training the next day and 7 times in two weeks. The training content is divided into strength training and endurance training. The strength training is divided into each group of eight. To complete two cycles and the interval is 30s. The interval between each subgroup is 10s. Warm up and stretch before training. The time is 30 minutes. 12RM weight for strength training dumbbells, each group do 10-15 times. Eight actions include dead lift, upright row, squat, shoulder press, calf Jump, advance junge, biceps curl and triceps extension. Endurance training uses a running platform with a slope of 0°. The running speed is adjusted according to the target heart rate interval. The formula for calculating the target heart rate interval is (220-age) × 60%~(220-age) × 70%, running time is 30 minutes. In the hypoxic group, a suction-type atmospheric hypoxic device was used during exercise, and a mixed gas having an oxygen content of 16% was inhaled. The normoxic group is in a normal atmospheric environment during exercise. The ideological education of a reasonable nutritional diet for the subjects before and during the intervention is not mandatory to control the subject's daily diet. Height and weight and BMI were measured before and after exercise intervention. Fasting venous blood was taken to detect total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-). C), leptin (LEP) and adiponectin (ADPN). All test results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups, and non-parametric Wilcoxo was used for comparison within the group.The n-match was tested on the symbol level, with a significance level of P < 0.05 and a very significant level of P < 0.01. Results After the intervention, the body weight of both groups decreased. The Δ body weight (P<0.01), body weight change rate (P<0.01) and BMI change rate (P<0.01) in the hypoxic group were significantly higher than the normal rate. Oxygen group. TG, TC and LDL-C decreased in hypoxia group, and TG (P<0.05), TC (P<0.05) and LDL-C (P<0.01) were significantly different from those before intervention (P<0.01). The levels of TG and LDL-C increased after the intervention of normoxia group, and LDL-C was significantly different from that before intervention (P<0.05). The TC change rate (P<0.01) and LDL-C change rate (P<0.01) in the hypoxic group were significantly higher than those in the normoxic group, and the TG change rate was not different from the normoxic group (P>0.05). The HDL-C in hypoxia group and normoxia group increased after intervention. The hypoxia group had a statistically significant difference compared with the pre-intervention group (P<0.01), and the HDL-C rate in the hypoxic group was significantly higher than that in the hypoxic group. Oxygen group (P<0.05). LEP and ADPN in the hypoxic group increased after intervention, but there was no significant difference compared with before intervention (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between LEP and ADPN in the normoxic group before and after intervention (P>0.05). The change rate of LEP (P<0.05) and ADPN (P<0.01) were significantly higher in the group than in the normoxic group. Conclusions (1) Under the same exercise intensity, After 6 weeks of hypoxic exercise intervention the hypoxic environment is more conducive to weight loss in overweight/obese women. (2) Compared with normotensive exercise, The six weeks of hypoxic exercise can effectively improve the lipid metabolism of overweight/obese women. (3) Hypoxic exercise failed to significantly increase serum LEP and ADPN levels in subjects, but the index change rate was better than that of oxygen group.

Effects of normoxic and hypoxic exercise regimens on monocyte-mediated thrombin generation in sedentary men

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Shyan Wang ◽  
Ya-Lun Chang ◽  
Yi-Ching Chen ◽  
Hsing-Hua Tsai ◽  
Tieh-Cheng Fu
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Severe Hypoxia ◽  
Hypoxic Stress ◽  
Microparticle Formation ◽  
Hypoxic Exercise

Hypoxic exercise training (HET) is superior to normoxic exercise training (NET) for enhancing aerobic capacity. Furthermore, HET effectively suppresses procoagulant monocyte-derived microparticle formation and monocyte-mediated thrombin generation under severe hypoxic stress, compared to NET does. Therefore, HET can be considered an effective exercise strategy that improves aerobic capacity and simultaneously increases the resistance to monocyte-related thrombosis provoked by severe hypoxia.

scholarly journals PO-090 Effects of 6-week Hypoxic Exercise on Glucose Metabolism in overweight/obese Males

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingming Xu ◽  
Jianmin Cao ◽  
Zhipei Niu ◽  
Shuo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Target Heart Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normal Environment ◽  
Hypoxic Exercise

Objective Early studies have shown that exercise can have positive impacts on the body's glucose metabolism, but there has been no experiment revealing the different effects between normal and hypoxia, two different exercise conditions, on the glucose metabolism of adult males. The aim of this study is to expose the effects of hypoxic exercise intervention on glucose metabolism in 18-45 years old overweight/obese males. In this study, 40 males were given exercise intervention with different exercise condition. The research aims to discriminate the exercise environment that has a better influence on glucose metabolism by detecting and calculating the changes in glucose metabolism-related indicators during the different oxygen content environments exercise. Methods A parallel group design was used to study 40 healthy 18-47 years old overweight/obese males. The overweight standard is BMI≥24 and the obesity standard is BMI≥28. All 40 males were randomly divided into the hypoxia group(HG) and normal group(NG) matched on BMI and age at the pretest. The HG was provided a hypoxic exercise environment by wearing a suction-type atmospheric hypoxic device, and the oxygen content of the inhaled mixed gas is 16%; the NG was provided a normal environment. Nutritional education was given to 40 males prior to the start of exercise intervention, but diet was not restricted during exercise intervention. Both groups involved a 6-week exercise intervention which three times per week and there will be a one-day recovery time after each exercise. The intervention consists of a strength training session and an endurance training session, each intervention was generally composed of a 5minutes warm-up, 30minutes strength training, 30minute endurance training, and 5minute cooldown. The strength training contains deadlift, upright row, squat, shoulder press, calf jump, bow step, biceps curl, triceps extension, all these training loading 12RM, repeating twice and there being 0.5mins rest between sets. The treadmill was used for the endurance training, adjusting running speed according to the target heart rate interval. The calculation method of the target heart rate interval is (220-ages) ×60%~(220-ages) ×70%, and the slope is 0°. Both groups were measured body weight and taken of fasting venous blood samples, measured fasting blood glucose (GLU), glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) and insulin (INS), calculated insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) before and after the exercise intervention.  Results After the intervention, the fasting blood GLU, INS and HOMA-IR level in the HG were significantly lower (P≤0.05). The fasting blood GLU, INS and HOMA-IR level in the NG were increased, but there was no statistically significant difference before and after the intervention (P>0.05). There was a significant difference when compared the HG with NG in the fasting blood GLU, INS and HOMA-IR level (P≤0.05). After the intervention, the GHb levels in the HG and NG both increased, but there was no significant difference compared with the pre-intervention group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the GHb change rate between the HG and the NG (P >0.05), either. Conclusions Through  6-week intervention, the exercise in the hypoxic environment can more effectively improve the indicators of glucose metabolism in adult obese men compared with the normal environment. The condition of hypoxic mode has more significant benign effects especially for fasting blood GLU, INS, and HOMA-IR. For the GHb results of this experiment, because this index reflects the overall glycemic control in the past 1-2 months, and this study only carried out six weeks of uncontrolled diet exercise intervention, there may be insufficient time for exercise intervention，or the long, excessive glucose intake during the intervention, resulting in no significant differences in the comparison before and after the intervention.

Hypoxic Exercise Training Promotes apelin/APJ Expression in Skeletal Muscles of High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixiu Ji ◽  
Lijing Gong ◽  
Jianxiong Wang ◽  
Hui He ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hypoxic Exercise

Cycling Exercise Training Enhances Platelet Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tieh-Cheng Fu ◽  
Ming-Lu Lin ◽  
Chih-Chin Hsu ◽  
Shu-Chun Huang ◽  
Yu-Ting Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Bioenergetics ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Complex Ii ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

AbstractExercise training influences the risk of vascular thrombosis in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Mitochondrial functionalities in platelets involve the cellular bioenergetics and thrombogenesis. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of cycling exercise training (CET) on platelet mitochondrial bioenergetics in PAD patients. Forty randomly selected patients with PAD engaged in general rehabilitation (GR) with CET (i.e., cycling exercise at ventilation threshold for 30 minute/day, 3 days/week) (GR + CET, n = 20) or to a control group that only received GR course (n = 20) for 12 weeks. Systemic aerobic capacity and platelet mitochondrial bioenergetics that included oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and electron transport system (ETS) were measured using automatic gas analysis and high-resolution respirometry, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that GR + CET for 12 weeks significantly (1) elevated VO2peak and lowered VE-VCO2 slope, (2) raised resting ankle-brachial index and enhanced cardiac output response to exercise, (3) increased the distance in 6-minute walk test and raised the Short Form-36 physical/mental component scores, and (4) enhanced capacities of mitochondrial OXPHOS and ETS in platelets by activating FADH2 (complex II)-dependent pathway. Moreover, changes in VO2peak levels were positively associated with changes in platelet OXPHOS and ETS capacities. However, no significant changes in systemic aerobic capacity, platelet mitochondrial bioenergetics, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) occurred following GR alone. Hence, we conclude that CET effectively increases the capacities of platelet mitochondrial bioenergetics by enhancing complex II activity in patients with PAD. Moreover, the exercise regimen also enhanced functional exercise capacity, consequently improving HRQoL in PAD patients.

Testosterone and exercise: Effects on fitness, body composition and strength in middle-to-older aged men with low-normal serum testosterone levels.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren C. Chasland ◽  
Bu B Yeap ◽  
Andrew J. Maiorana ◽  
Yi X Chan ◽  
Barbara A Maslen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

As men age, serum testosterone (T) concentrations decrease, as do fitness, strength and lean mass. Whether testosterone treatment confers additive benefit to reverse these changes when combined with exercise training in middle-to-older aged men remains unclear. We assessed the effects of T treatment and exercise, alone and in combination, on aerobic capacity (VO2peak), body composition and muscular strength in men 50-70yrs, waist circumference ≥95cm and low-normal serum T (6-14nmol·L−1). Participants (n=80) were randomised to AndroForte5® (Testosterone 5.0%w/v, 100mg/2mL) cream (T), or matching placebo (P), applied transdermally daily, and supervised centre-based exercise (Ex) or no additional exercise (NEx), for 12-weeks. Exercise increased VO2peak and strength vs non-exercise (VO2peak: T+Ex:+2.5, P+Ex:+3.2mL·kg−1·min−1, P<0.001; leg press: T+Ex:+31, P+Ex:+24kg, P=0.006). T treatment did not affect VO2peak or strength. Exercise decreased total (T+Ex:-1.7, P+Ex-2.3kg, P<0.001) and visceral fat (T+Ex:-0.1, P+Ex:-0.3kg, P=0.003), and increased total (T+Ex:+1.4, P+Ex:+0.7kg, P=0.008) and arm lean mass (T+Ex:+0.5, P+Ex:+0.3kg, P=0.024). T treatment did not affect total or visceral fat, but increased total (T+Ex:+1.4, T+NEx:+0.7kg, P=0.015), leg (T+Ex:+0.3, T+NEx:+0.2kg, P=0.024) and arm lean mass (T+Ex:+0.5, T+NEx:+0.2kg, P=0.046). T+Ex increased arm lean mass (T+Ex:+0.5kg vs P+NEx:-0.0kg, P=0.001) and leg strength (T+Ex:+31 vs P+NEx:+12kg, P=0.032) compared to P+NEx, with no other additive effects. Exercise training was more effective than T treatment in increasing aerobic capacity and decreasing total and visceral fat mass. T treatment at therapeutic doses increased lean mass but conferred limited additional benefit when combined with exercise. Exercise should be evaluated as an anti-ageing intervention in preference to testosterone treatment in men.

scholarly journals The Effect of Structured Exercise on Sleep During the Corresponding Night Among Older Women in an Exercise Program

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-488
Author(s):  
Charity B. Breneman ◽  
Christopher E. Kline ◽  
Delia West ◽  
Xuemei Sui ◽  
Xuewen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Sleep Parameters

This study investigated the acute effect of exercise on sleep outcomes among healthy older women by comparing days with structured exercise versus days without structured exercise during 4 months of exercise training. Participants (n = 51) in this study had wrist-worn actigraphic sleep data available following at least 3 days with structured exercise and 3 days without structured exercise at mid-intervention and at the end of intervention. The exercise intervention was treadmill walking. Multilevel models were used to examine whether structured exercise impacted sleep outcomes during the corresponding night. Overall, 1,362 nights of data were included in the analyses. In unadjusted and adjusted models, bedtimes were significantly earlier on evenings following an acute bout of structured exercise than on evenings without structured exercise. No other sleep parameters differed between exercise and nonexercise days. Understanding the effects of exercise on sleep in this understudied population may help to improve their overall sleep quality.

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