PO-093 Effects  of  6-week  hypoxic  exercise  on  aerobic  capacity-related  proteins  in  overweight/obese  women

Objective To explore the effects of hypoxic and normoxic exercise on hemoglobin (Hb), erythropoietin (EPO), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in overweight women. Methods This study enrolled 40 female overweight/obese subjects, age is among 18-47 years old, with no abnormal physical examination. The overweight standard is BMI ≥ 24, and the obesity standard is BMI ≥ 28. All subjects were paired according to body weight, divided into hypoxia group and normoxia group, doing 6 weeks of exercise intervention, 3 times a week, every next day one time. The exercise intervention includes 30 minutes of strength training and 30 minutes of endurance training. There are 5 minutes of warm up before training and 5 minutes cool down after the training. Strength training uses the device as a dumbbell. The training content consists of 8 movements, there are dead lift, upright row, squat, shoulder press, calf Jump, advance junge, biceps curl and triceps extension, and the weight is 12RM. 2 sets for each action, rest between sets is 30s. Endurance training uses a treadmill with a slope of 0°, and the speed is adjusted according to the target heart rate interval. The calculation method of the target heart rate interval is (220-age)×60%～(220-age)×70%. Among them, the hypoxic group is equipped with a suction-type atmospheric hypoxic device, which moves with low-oxygen environment, and the oxygen content of the inhaled mixed gas is 16%; the normoxic group moves with normal oxygen environment. Nutritional education was given to all subjects prior before the start of exercise intervention, but diet was not restricted during the intervention. Fasting venous blood was taken before and after Fasting venous blood before and after exercise intervention intervention, and Hb, EPO, HIF1α, and VEGF were detected. All the test results were expressed by mean±standard deviation (x±SD). The data between two groups were compared by non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. The intra-group data were compared using a nonparametric Wilcoxon match for the symbol level test, with a significance level of P < 0.05 and a very significant level of P < 0.01. Results After the intervention, the Hb level in the hypoxic group was increased, but there was no significant difference compared with the pre-intervention group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the Hb change rate between the hypoxic group and the normoxic group (P>0.05). The EPO level in the hypoxic group was significantly increased, and there was a statistically significant difference compared with the pre-intervention group (P<0.01). There was no significant change in the EPO level in the normoxic group (P>0.05). The EPO change rate in the hypoxic group was compared with the normoxic group. There was no statistical difference (P>0.05). The level of HIF1α in the hypoxic group was significantly higher than that before the intervention (P<0.01). The level of HIF1α in the normoxic group was significantly lower than that before the intervention (P<0.01). The rate of change of HIF1α in the oxygen group was statistically different from that in the normox group (P<0.01). The level of VEGF in the hypoxic group was increased, but the level of VEGF in the normoxic group was decreased, but there was no significant difference compared with the pre-intervention group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of VEGF in the hypoxic group compared with the normoxic group(P>0.05). Conclusions Compared with normotensive exercise, 6-week exercise increased the levels of Hb and EPO in overweight women, but the difference between hypoxia and normoxia was not significant. The level of HIF1α in the hypoxic group was increased, and the level of HIF1α in the normoxic group was decreased. This index was significantly affected by hypoxia. The level of VEGF in the hypoxic group was increased, and the level of VEGF in the normoxic group was decreased, but the effects of hypoxia and exercise were not obvious.

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PO-070 Effects of hypoxic exercise training on aerobic capacity-related proteins in overweight/obese adult males

Exercise Biochemistry Review ◽

10.14428/ebr.v1i3.11283 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Chuanjun Wang ◽

Jianmin Cao ◽

Xingang Che ◽

Bingxin Qiu

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Altitude Training ◽

Adult Males ◽

Target Heart Rate ◽

Change Rate ◽

Hypoxic Training ◽

Hypoxic Group ◽

Hypoxic Exercise

Objective Since the Mexican Olympic Games, altitude training has attracted the attention of international sports science circle with its remarkable training effect, which is regarded as one of the effective methods to improve aerobic capacity. With the improvement of altitude training by scholars at home and abroad, hypoxic training has gradually entered the public view. Hypoxic training aims to achieve hypoxic stimulation by artificially simulating the natural hypoxic environment in the plateau or simulating the biological effects of hypoxic on human body. However, whether the aerobic capacity can be improved through hypoxic training requires us to further study and explore the mechanism of hypoxic training. This study explored the mechanism of hypoxic exercise training by stimulating long-term hypoxic exercise training for overweight or obese adult males. Methods In this study, 40 male (aged 18—47 years) overweight/obese subjects were recruited. No physical condition was abnormal after physical examination, and BMI ≥ 24 was overweight, while BMI ≥ 28 was obese. All subjects were paired according to their weight and divided into the hypoxic group and the normoxic group, the exercise intervention lasted for 6 weeks. The exercise intervention program consists of 30min strength training and 30min endurance training, with 5 minutes of warm-up and finishing activities before and after training. Strength training uses dumbbells, chooses 12RM weight, exercise with 8 actions, which are dead lift, upright row, squat, shoulder press, calf Jump, advance junge, biceps curl and triceps extension, each action 2 Group, rest between groups for 30s. Endurance training grade 0°treadmill, speed range according to the target heart rate adjustment, the target heart rate interval computation method for 60% HRmax—70% HRmax. Among them, subjects in the hypoxic group wore inhaled low-oxygen devices, which enabled them to exercise in a hypoxic environment. The oxygen content of the inhaled mixed gas was 16%. The subjects in the aerobic group exercised in an aerobic environment. Nutritional education was administered to all subjects prior to the start of the exercise intervention, but diet was not restricted during the intervention. Fasting venous blood before and after intervention, the detection of hemoglobin (Hb) and erythropoietin (EPO), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and testosterone (T). All test results are the mean ± standard deviation, data comparison between groups using nonparametric the Mann-Whitney U test, data comparison in the group using nonparametric Wilcoxon match the symbol rank test, the significance level of P<0.05, very significance level of P<0.01. Results (1) After 6 weeks of intervention, Hb levels were elevated in the hypoxic group, but there was no statistically difference compared with the pre-intervention (P>0.05). And the change rate of Hb in the hypoxic group was higher than that in the normoxic group, but there was no statistically significant difference between the subjects (P>0.05). EPO levels were significantly higher in hypoxia group than before intervention (P<0.01). There was no significant change in EPO levels in the normoxic group (P>0.05). The change rate of EPO in the hypoxic group was statistically higher compared with the normoxic group (P<0.05). The level of HIF1α was significantly increased in the hypoxic group (P<0.01), and the change rate of HIF1α in the hypoxic group was statistically higher compared with the normox group (P<0.01). The VEGF level in the hypoxic group was significantly higher than that before the intervention (P<0.05). The change rate of VEGF in the hypoxic group was statistically higher compared with the normoxic group (P<0.01). The T level of the hypoxic group was significantly higher than that before the intervention (P<0.01), and the T level was decreased in the normoxic group, but it was not statistically difference compared with the pre-intervention (P >0.05), the rate of T change in the hypoxic group was statistically significant compared with the normox group (P<0.01). Conclusions 6-week hypoxic exercise training can increase the levels of EPO, HIF1α, VEGF and T in the blood of overweight/obese people.

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PO-077 Hypoxia exercise improves glucose metabolism in the overweight and obese women

Exercise Biochemistry Review ◽

10.14428/ebr.v1i3.11383 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Shuo Qi ◽

Jianmin Cao ◽

Xin Pang ◽

Yongbin Duan

Keyword(s):

Strength Training ◽

Endurance Training ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Target Heart Rate ◽

Obese People ◽

Hypoxia Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference

Objective With the increase of social pressure and the unreasonable diet structure, the proportion of the overweight and obese people is increasing. Obesity is an important factor causing many chronic diseases, such as type II diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and so on. Epidemiological studies show that the proportion of obese people in China is still high. It has seriously hindered the further development of the Chinese health. The combination of diet and exercise is effective for reducing the weight. However, this method isn’t effective for overweight and obese people. Therefore, the way to reduce weight has become a central issue for many researchers. Studies have shown that the exposure of hypoxia condition can decrease weight and exercise can promote energy consumption. Exercises in a hypoxic environment provide a new way of thinking for the prevention and treatment of obesity and national fitness, and which are also a research hotspot for weight loss. Methods The study enrolled 40 young women with overweight/obese subjects, aged 18-47 years, with no abnormal physical examination. The criterion for overweight is BMI ≥ 24 and the criterion for obesity is BMI ≥ 28. All subjects were paired according to their body weight, divided into hypoxia group and normoxia group and they exercised for 6 weeks, 3 times a week, every other day. The content of the exercise intervention includes 30 minutes strength training and 30minutes endurance training. Strength training is in front and endurance training is in the back. There are 5 minutes of warm-up and finishing activities before and after training. Strength training uses dumbbells, chooses 12RM weight, exercise with 8 actions, which are dead lift, upright row, squat, shoulder press, calf Jump, advance junge, biceps curl and triceps extension, each action 2 Group, rest between groups for 30s. Endurance training uses a treadmill with a slope of 0°, and the speed is adjusted according to the target heart rate interval. The calculation method of the target heart rate interval is (220-age)×60%～(220-age)×70%. Meanwhile, the hypoxia group wears inhaled atmospheric hypoxia equipment and they exercised in a low-oxygen condition. The oxygen content of the inhaled mixed gas is 16%; the normoxia group exercises under the normal oxygen condition. Nutritional education was given to all subjects prior to the start of exercise intervention and the personal diet was controlled as much as possible, but diet was not restricted during the intervention. Body weight was measured before and after intervention. Fasting venous blood was taken. Blood glucose (GLU), insulin (INS) and glycated hemoglobin (GHb) were measured. Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. All test results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups, and non-parametric Wilcoxon matching was used for symbol level test. The significance level was P<0.05, the level of very significant was P<0.01. Results After intervention, the fasting blood glucose level of the hypoxia group and normoxia group decreased and the hypoxia group decreased more, but there was no significant difference compared with before intervention (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the rate and the normoxia group (P>0.05). After intervention, the GHb levels in the hypoxia group and the normoxia group decreased, but there was a significant difference between the hypoxia group and the hypoxia group (P<0.05). The difference between the normoxia group was not significant (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of GHb change between the oxygen exercise group and the normoxia group (P>0.05). After intervention, the fasting INS levels in the hypoxia group and the normoxia group decreased, but there was a significant difference between the hypoxia group and the hypoxia group (P<0.05), and the difference between the normoxia group was not significant (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of fasting INS between the hypoxia group and the normoxia group (P>0.05). The HOMA-IR of the hypoxia group and the normoxia group decreased after intervention, but there was significant difference between the hypoxia group and the hypoxia group (P<0.05) and the difference between the normoxia group was not significant (P>0.05). The HOMA-IR rate of hypoxia exercise was not significantly different from that of normoxia group (P>0.05). Conclusions Compared with the normoxia group, the hypoxia group has a more improved glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin resistance index. It suggests that the exercise intervention of the hypoxia condition may be more effective in treating obesity and preventing chronic diseases.

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PO-092 Effects of hypoxic exercise on weight loss and lipid metabolism in overweight/obese men

Exercise Biochemistry Review ◽

10.14428/ebr.v1i3.11663 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Kunshun Guo ◽

Jianmin Cao ◽

Deling Zhao ◽

Shibin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

The Body ◽

Obese People ◽

Change Rate ◽

Overweight People ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hypoxic Group

Objective In recent years, people's diet has undergone tremendous changes. Excessive energy intake combined with insufficient exercise has made obesity a serious social problem. This study aims to achieve different training conditions under hypoxia and normoxia，conducting a six-week exercise training for obese overweight people. Comparing the difference in exercise weight loss between obese and overweight people in the normoxia training environment compared with hypoxia intervention, and the effect of hypoxic intervention on lipid metabolism indicators in overweight and obese people. Methods A total of 40 male overweight/obese subjects were enrolled in the study, aged 18-47 years, with no abnormal physical examination and no motor contraindications. The overweight standard is BMI≥24, and the obesity standard is BMI≥28.All subjects were randomly matched according to body weight, divided into hypoxia group and normoxia group, and exercised for 6 weeks, training 3 times a week, one time every two days. Sports training includes 30 minutes of strength training and 30 minutes of aerobic endurance training. There are 5 minutes of warm-up and finishing activities before and after training. The strength training tool is dumbbell, and the weight of the corresponding 12RM is selected according to the exercise ability of the subject, and 8 exercises are performed. They are dead lift, upright row, squat, shoulder press, calf Jump, advance lunge, biceps curl and triceps extension. Those 8 movements are divided into two small loop trainings, which complete two large groups (each small loop is completed twice).Aerobic endurance training is done using a treadmill with a slope of 0°and the speed is adjusted according to the range of the target heart rate. The target heart rate is 60%-70% at the maximum heart rate. The maximum heart rate calculation method is (220-age).The hypoxic group is equipped with a suction-type atmospheric hypoxic device and is operated under a low-oxygen environment. The oxygen content of the inhaled mixed gas is 16%, the normoxic group was exercised under normoxic conditions. Nutritional education was given to all subjects prior to the start of exercise intervention, but diet was not restricted during the intervention. Before and after intervention, height and weight were measured, and BMI was calculated. Fasting venous blood was used to detect total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), leptin (LEP) and adiponectin (ADPN). All test results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Comparison of data between groups, using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. Comparison of intra-group data, using non-parametric Wilcoxon matching for symbol level checking, the significance level was P<0.05, and the very significant level was P<0.01. Results (1) After the intervention, the body weight of both groups decreased, and the Δbody weight (P<0.01), body weight change rate (P<0.01) and BMI change rate (P<0.01) in the hypoxic group were significantly higher than normal oxygen group. (2) TG, TC and LDL-C decreased in the hypoxic group, and there was a significant difference between TG and TC before intervention (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in TG, TC and LDL-C between the normoxic group and the intervention group (P>0.05). (3) The TG change rate (P<0.05), TC change rate (P<0.05) and LDL-C change rate (P<0.01) in the hypoxic group were significantly higher than those in the normoxic group. (4) HDL-C in hypoxia group and normoxia group decreased after intervention, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05), and there was no difference between HDL-C(P>0.05). (5) LEP and ADPN in the hypoxic group increased after intervention, but there was no significant difference compared with before intervention (P>0.05). LEP and ADPN in the normoxic group decreased after intervention, and there was no difference between the LEP change rate and the ADPN change rate (P>0.05). Conclusions Under hypoxic intervention, the weight change, rate of change, and BMI change rate of overweight people were larger than those of the normoxic group. Body weight, BMI is a direct indicator of the degree of obesity in individuals. The hypoxic weight loss intervention shows greater advantages than the normoxic group from the intuitive data, which can help overweight and obese people to lose more weight under the same training load and intensity. After six weeks of training, in the hypoxic group, TC, TG and LDL-C decreased, and HDL-C increased. However, in the normoxic control group, these indicators did not show similar significant changes. It shows that through hypoxia intervention combined with exercise training, it can prevent and alleviate various chronic diseases caused by obesity more effectively, such as atherosclerosis. The other two indicators, LEP and ADPN, did not change significantly in both hypoxic and normoxic training. Conjecture there may be other mechanisms affecting the expression levels of these two hormones in the body. In summary, the researchers think the hypoxic exercise to lose weight is better than normal oxygen exercise, and it has a greater impact on most lipid metabolism indicators, which can stimulate most lipid metabolism to produce benign changes.

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PO-090 Effects of 6-week Hypoxic Exercise on Glucose Metabolism in overweight/obese Males

Exercise Biochemistry Review ◽

10.14428/ebr.v1i3.11643 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Mingming Xu ◽

Jianmin Cao ◽

Zhipei Niu ◽

Shuo Wang

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Strength Training ◽

Endurance Training ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Training Session ◽

Target Heart Rate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Normal Environment ◽

Hypoxic Exercise

Objective Early studies have shown that exercise can have positive impacts on the body's glucose metabolism, but there has been no experiment revealing the different effects between normal and hypoxia, two different exercise conditions, on the glucose metabolism of adult males. The aim of this study is to expose the effects of hypoxic exercise intervention on glucose metabolism in 18-45 years old overweight/obese males. In this study, 40 males were given exercise intervention with different exercise condition. The research aims to discriminate the exercise environment that has a better influence on glucose metabolism by detecting and calculating the changes in glucose metabolism-related indicators during the different oxygen content environments exercise. Methods A parallel group design was used to study 40 healthy 18-47 years old overweight/obese males. The overweight standard is BMI≥24 and the obesity standard is BMI≥28. All 40 males were randomly divided into the hypoxia group(HG) and normal group(NG) matched on BMI and age at the pretest. The HG was provided a hypoxic exercise environment by wearing a suction-type atmospheric hypoxic device, and the oxygen content of the inhaled mixed gas is 16%; the NG was provided a normal environment. Nutritional education was given to 40 males prior to the start of exercise intervention, but diet was not restricted during exercise intervention. Both groups involved a 6-week exercise intervention which three times per week and there will be a one-day recovery time after each exercise. The intervention consists of a strength training session and an endurance training session, each intervention was generally composed of a 5minutes warm-up, 30minutes strength training, 30minute endurance training, and 5minute cooldown. The strength training contains deadlift, upright row, squat, shoulder press, calf jump, bow step, biceps curl, triceps extension, all these training loading 12RM, repeating twice and there being 0.5mins rest between sets. The treadmill was used for the endurance training, adjusting running speed according to the target heart rate interval. The calculation method of the target heart rate interval is (220-ages) ×60%~(220-ages) ×70%, and the slope is 0°. Both groups were measured body weight and taken of fasting venous blood samples, measured fasting blood glucose (GLU), glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) and insulin (INS), calculated insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) before and after the exercise intervention. Results After the intervention, the fasting blood GLU, INS and HOMA-IR level in the HG were significantly lower (P≤0.05). The fasting blood GLU, INS and HOMA-IR level in the NG were increased, but there was no statistically significant difference before and after the intervention (P>0.05). There was a significant difference when compared the HG with NG in the fasting blood GLU, INS and HOMA-IR level (P≤0.05). After the intervention, the GHb levels in the HG and NG both increased, but there was no significant difference compared with the pre-intervention group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the GHb change rate between the HG and the NG (P >0.05), either. Conclusions Through 6-week intervention, the exercise in the hypoxic environment can more effectively improve the indicators of glucose metabolism in adult obese men compared with the normal environment. The condition of hypoxic mode has more significant benign effects especially for fasting blood GLU, INS, and HOMA-IR. For the GHb results of this experiment, because this index reflects the overall glycemic control in the past 1-2 months, and this study only carried out six weeks of uncontrolled diet exercise intervention, there may be insufficient time for exercise intervention，or the long, excessive glucose intake during the intervention, resulting in no significant differences in the comparison before and after the intervention.

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Effects of Aerobic Endurance Training vs HIIT on Energy Intake, Macronutrient Intake, and VO2Max Level on Fitness Centre Participants

INSPIREE: Indonesian Sport Innovation Review ◽

10.53905/inspiree.v2i3.48 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 179-186

Author(s):

Mury Kuswari ◽

Nazhif Gifari ◽

Aditya Himarwan

Keyword(s):

Endurance Training ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Endurance Exercise ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Interval Training ◽

T Test ◽

Macronutrient Intake ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

The purpose of the study Nowadays, there are many people who participate in fitness centre to maintain their health and fitness. There are many ways to increase VO2Max, an indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness, two of many were High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and traditional aerobic endurance training. In other hand exercise in any type of way required extra energy, resulting in increased energy and macronutrient intake. Was to analyse the effects of HIIT vs. Aerobic Endurance Exercise on energy intake, macronutrient intake, and VO2Max of fitness centre participants in Depok.. Materials and methods 26 participants were recruited voluntarily from one of fitness centre in Depok, West Java, Indonesia, then randomized into HIIT Intervention Group and aerobic endurance exercise intervention group for 3 months. Energy and macronutrient intake were assessed before and after intervention. Bleep test was done to determine VO2Max Level before and after intervention. Results. Paired t-test between before and after intervention showed that there’s significant difference (p<0.05) on VO2Max, while independent sample t-test showed that there’s no significant difference between both type of exercise. Conclusions. This study shows that there was no effect of both HIIT and Aerobic Endurance Training on energy and macronutrient intake. However, both interventions increase VO2Max as an indicator of fitness level. Shorter time for HIIT may be useful for increasing VO2Max level on busy individual.

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PO-075 Effects of hypoxic exercise on weight loss and lipid metabolism in overweight/obese adult women

Exercise Biochemistry Review ◽

10.14428/ebr.v1i3.11333 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Liwen Lian ◽

Jianmin Cao ◽

Kun Ai ◽

Xiaolei Deng

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

The Body ◽

Obese Women ◽

Change Rate ◽

Hypoxic Environment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hypoxic Group ◽

Hypoxic Exercise

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of hypoxic exercise intervention on weight loss and weight control in overweight and obese people from the perspective of lipid metabolism through the exercise intervention in this experiment under normal pressure and low oxygen environment. Exercise is indispensable in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Scientific weight loss is firstly to change the original unhealthy daily life habits and to develop a good lifestyle and to control diet and to exercise regularly. Exercise in a hypoxic environment, the body should accept the dual stimulation of environmental what hypoxia and exercise hypoxia. Exercise in a hypoxic environment can deepen the impact on lipid metabolism. In a hypoxic environment, the oxygen saturation of the human arteries (the concentration of blood oxygen in the blood) is reduced; in altitude training or intermittent hypoxia training conditions, blood oxygen saturation can be reduced to 80-85%, and it is not in the normoxic environment. The result of hypoxia is that the muscles are forced to do anaerobic metabolism. In order to provide energy during exercise, and the body will store the stored fat to supply energy. Methods The subjects in this study were adult overweight or obese women between the ages from 18 to 47 for a total of 40. Subjects with a BMI ≥ 24 were overweight and subjects with a BMI ≥ 28 were obese. Subjects who passed the physical examination screening were healthy and had normal motor function. All subjects used the weight index to pair the average into subgroups what hypoxic and normoxic groups. Exercise intervention, the training period is 6 weeks, the training the next day and 7 times in two weeks. The training content is divided into strength training and endurance training. The strength training is divided into each group of eight. To complete two cycles and the interval is 30s. The interval between each subgroup is 10s. Warm up and stretch before training. The time is 30 minutes. 12RM weight for strength training dumbbells, each group do 10-15 times. Eight actions include dead lift, upright row, squat, shoulder press, calf Jump, advance junge, biceps curl and triceps extension. Endurance training uses a running platform with a slope of 0°. The running speed is adjusted according to the target heart rate interval. The formula for calculating the target heart rate interval is (220-age) × 60%~(220-age) × 70%, running time is 30 minutes. In the hypoxic group, a suction-type atmospheric hypoxic device was used during exercise, and a mixed gas having an oxygen content of 16% was inhaled. The normoxic group is in a normal atmospheric environment during exercise. The ideological education of a reasonable nutritional diet for the subjects before and during the intervention is not mandatory to control the subject's daily diet. Height and weight and BMI were measured before and after exercise intervention. Fasting venous blood was taken to detect total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-). C), leptin (LEP) and adiponectin (ADPN). All test results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups, and non-parametric Wilcoxo was used for comparison within the group.The n-match was tested on the symbol level, with a significance level of P < 0.05 and a very significant level of P < 0.01. Results After the intervention, the body weight of both groups decreased. The Δ body weight (P<0.01), body weight change rate (P<0.01) and BMI change rate (P<0.01) in the hypoxic group were significantly higher than the normal rate. Oxygen group. TG, TC and LDL-C decreased in hypoxia group, and TG (P<0.05), TC (P<0.05) and LDL-C (P<0.01) were significantly different from those before intervention (P<0.01). The levels of TG and LDL-C increased after the intervention of normoxia group, and LDL-C was significantly different from that before intervention (P<0.05). The TC change rate (P<0.01) and LDL-C change rate (P<0.01) in the hypoxic group were significantly higher than those in the normoxic group, and the TG change rate was not different from the normoxic group (P>0.05). The HDL-C in hypoxia group and normoxia group increased after intervention. The hypoxia group had a statistically significant difference compared with the pre-intervention group (P<0.01), and the HDL-C rate in the hypoxic group was significantly higher than that in the hypoxic group. Oxygen group (P<0.05). LEP and ADPN in the hypoxic group increased after intervention, but there was no significant difference compared with before intervention (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between LEP and ADPN in the normoxic group before and after intervention (P>0.05). The change rate of LEP (P<0.05) and ADPN (P<0.01) were significantly higher in the group than in the normoxic group. Conclusions (1) Under the same exercise intensity, After 6 weeks of hypoxic exercise intervention the hypoxic environment is more conducive to weight loss in overweight/obese women. (2) Compared with normotensive exercise, The six weeks of hypoxic exercise can effectively improve the lipid metabolism of overweight/obese women. (3) Hypoxic exercise failed to significantly increase serum LEP and ADPN levels in subjects, but the index change rate was better than that of oxygen group.

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The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

Russian Osteopathic Journal ◽

10.32885/2220-0975-2019-1-2-64-71 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 64-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. E. Chernikova ◽

Yu. P. Potekhina

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

Age Groups ◽

Biomechanical Properties ◽

Dispersion Analysis ◽

The Body ◽

Body Tissues ◽

Age Related ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

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The effect of levothyroxine in comparison with placebo on serum osteocalcin levels in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism

Current Drug Safety ◽

10.2174/1574886316666210525102230 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Reihaneh Rezaee ◽

Masoud Mohebbi ◽

Mozhgan Afkhamizadeh ◽

Mohammad Ali Yaghoubi ◽

Mona Najaf Najafi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Serum Osteocalcin ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Metabolic Conditions ◽

And Control

Background and Objective: Subclinical hypothyroidism can potentially develop to overt hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormones have substantial roles in metabolism and glucose homeostasis and thus are closely related to determinant factors of metabolic syndromes, such as obesity and insulin resistance. Osteocalcin is considered a predictor of metabolic conditions in thyroid diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of levothyroxine vs. placebo on serum osteocalcin levels in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 30 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism who were referred to the endocrine clinics of Ghaem and Imam Reza hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. After giving informed consent, patients were randomly divided into intervention (50 µg/day levothyroxine for 2 months) and control (placebo) groups. Serum levels of osteocalcin, thyroid hormones, lipid profile, insulin, and fasting glucose, as well as other clinical and anthropometric data, were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. SPSS was used to analyze the data and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean age in the intervention and control groups was 35.07 ± 9.94 and 31.30 ± 4.30, respectively (P=0.20). There was no significant difference between osteocalcin levels before and after the intervention in either of the groups (P=0.54). TSH level was significantly decreased in the levothyroxine group after the intervention (P<0.01). T4 level was significantly increased in the intervention group (P=0.02). Conclusion: Levothyroxine had no significant effect on increasing the levels of serum osteocalcin in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. We have registered the trial in the Iranian registry of clinical trials (IRCT) with the registration code IRCT20171129037677N1.

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Perubahan antropometri, kalsium darah, tekanan darah, dan kebugaran fisik akibat asupan susu kambing pada olahragawan

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia ◽

10.22146/ijcn.53967 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Yusni Yusni ◽

Amiruddin Amiruddin

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Sports Nutrition ◽

T Test ◽

Muscle Endurance ◽

Blood Calcium ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

Changes in anthropometry, blood calcium, blood pressure, and physical fitness due to goat's milk intake in athletesBackground: The intake of healthy-balanced nutrition is needed by athletes. The complex nutritional content of goat milk such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin, and mineral acts as sports nutrition during and after training. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effects of goat milk on physical fitness, anthropometrics, blood calcium, and blood pressure in athletes. Methods: A clinical trial was conducted using healthy human subjects. Subjects were runners (n=10 people) as the control group and gymnasts (n=19 people) as the treatment group, male, age 21-27 years, and healthy. Bodyweight (BW), Height, and Body Mass Index (BMI), blood calcium, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), and physical fitness were examined two times, before and after consuming goat milk. Intervention: fresh goat milk, 250 mg/day (after dinner), and given for 90 days. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test. Results: There was no difference between BW (p=0.07), BMI (p=0.08), and DBP (p=0.24), but instead there was a significant difference in SBP (p=0.00) before and after goat milk intervention in the experimental group. Blood calcium was significantly increased (p=0.00) in the intervention group, whereas reverse decreased significantly (p=0.02) in controls. A significant difference before and after therapy was found in speed (p=0.00), arm muscle endurance (p=0.01), an-aerobic endurance (p=0.00), agility (p=0.02), however, there was no significant difference between leg muscle power (p=0.13), flexibility (p=0.23), an endurance of abdominal muscles (p=0.26), VO2 max (p=1.15) in the intervention group. Conclusions: Regular consumption of goat milk can reduce SBP, increase blood calcium levels, and improve physical fitness (speed, arm muscle endurance, anaerobic endurance, and agility) in athletes. Goat milk is an essential role in sports nutrition for physical fitness and athlete's health.

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Dental anxiety in patients undergoing oral surgery and its effects on blood pressure and heart rate

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5536 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. e316985536

Author(s):

Jaqueline Oliveira Barreto ◽

Julliana Cariry Palhano Freire ◽

Arthur Willian de Lima Brasil ◽

Cristian Statkievicz ◽

Francisley Ávila Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Oral Surgery ◽

Dental Anxiety ◽

Waiting Room ◽

Demographic Questionnaire ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Evaluation Anxiety

Objective: To assess dental anxiety in patients undergoing oral surgery, as well as its impact on blood pressure and heart rate. Material and Methods: A total of 233 patients answered a socio-demographic questionnaire and another one based on the Corah dental anxiety scale. Blood pressure and heart rate were assessed at three moments while: patients were in the waiting room, immediately before and after the procedure. Results: This study revealed a prevalence of anxiety of 77.3%. There was a statistically significant difference in mean systolic blood pressure and heart rate at the three moments of the evaluation. Anxiety was prevalent in the sample and was observed from the time in the waiting room until the time when local anesthesia was performed, causing variations in systolic blood pressure and heart rate, anxiety levels decreased after the end of the service. In conclusion, we observed that oral surgery is directly related to increased anxiety, and anxiety is mainly related to the change in heart rate.

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