scholarly journals Phenological and Pomological Characteristics of Native Apple (Malus domestica Borkh) Cultivars of Trans Himalayan Ladakh India

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Tsetan Dolkar ◽  
Deepak Kumar ◽  
Joginder S. Chandel ◽  
Spalzin Angmo ◽  
O.P. Chaurasia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Apple Cultivars

Seven local apple cultivars of the trans-Himalayan Ladakh region were studied for phenological and pomological characteristics. Early and extended flowering was observed. Flowering began 12 days earlier as compared to Royal Delicious, a popular introduced cultivar. The cultivars attained fruit maturity between mid-August to early September, which is one month earlier than Royal Delicious. Apples of the Ladakh region are soft (6.1±1.1 kg cm-2) and small in size (60.1±29.1 g). The unique characteristics observed in apples of the Ladakh region, such as early flowering and early fruit maturity offer an opportunity for exploring the native cultivars for future breeding programs for the development of early maturing cultivars.

Physico-chemical and antioxidant properties of six apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh) grown in southern Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francilene Gracieli Kunradi Vieira ◽  
Graciele Da Silva Campelo Borges ◽  
Cristiane Copetti ◽  
Renata Dias De Mello Castanho Amboni ◽  
Frederico Denardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Apple Cultivars

scholarly journals A Novel Identification Method for Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Cultivars Based on a Deep Convolutional Neural Network with Leaf Image Input

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Chengzhong Liu ◽  
Junying Han ◽  
Baihong Chen ◽  
Juan Mao ◽  
Zhengxu Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Stable Convergence ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Image ◽  
Generalization Accuracy

The innovation of germplasm resources and the continuous breeding of new varieties of apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) have yielded more than 8000 apple cultivars. The ability to identify apple cultivars with ease and accuracy can solve problems in apple breeding related to property rights protection to promote the healthy development of the global apple industry. However, the existing methods are inconsistent and time-consuming. This paper proposes an efficient and convenient method for the classification of apple cultivars using a deep convolutional neural network with leaf image input, which is the delicate symmetry of a human brain learning. The model was constructed using the TensorFlow framework and trained on a dataset of 12,435 leaf images for the identification of 14 apple cultivars. The proposed method achieved an overall accuracy of 0.9711 and could successfully avoid the over-fitting problem. Tests on an unknown independent testing set resulted in a mean accuracy, mean error, and variance of μ a c c = 0.9685 , μ ε = 0.0315 , and σ 2 = 1.89025 E − 4 , respectively, indicating that the generalization accuracy and stability of the model were very good. Finally, the classification performance for each cultivar was tested. The results show that model had an accuracy of 1.0000 for Ace, Hongrouyouxi, Jazz, and Honey Crisp cultivars, and only one leaf was incorrectly identified for 2001, Ada Red, Jonagold, and Gold Spur cultivars, with accuracies of 0.9787, 0.9800, 0.9773, and 0.9737, respectively. Jingning1 and Pinova cultivars were classified with the lowest accuracies, with 0.8780 and 0.8864, respectively. The results also show that the genetic relationship between cultivars Shoufu 3 and Yanfu 3 is very high, which is mainly because they were both selected from a red mutation of Fuji and bred in Yantai City, Shandong Province, China. Generally, this study indicates that the proposed deep learning model is a novel and improved solution for apple cultivar identification, with high generalization accuracy, stable convergence, and high specificity.

Silken apple

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Quamme ◽  
R. A. MacDonald ◽  
W. D. Lane ◽  
C. R. Hampson
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Apple Cultivar ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Preference Tests ◽  
Better Than

Silken is a new early-maturing apple cultivar ripening in the same season as McIntosh with a unique creamy skin colour. It is crisper and sweeter, and possesses a higher aromatic intensity than Royal Gala or McIntosh. In preference tests, it has been rated equal to Gala and better than McIntosh in Flavour and texture. It can be stored for 10 wk at 0 °C. Key words: Malus domestica Borkh., dessert apple, cultivar description

Zinc and boron nutrition management in fertigated high density apple orchards

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Neilsen ◽  
D. Neilsen ◽  
E. J. Hogue ◽  
L. C. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
High Density ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Nutrition Management ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Apple Cultivars

An experimental high density apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) block (1666 trees ha-1) on M.9 rootstock was planted in 1992 and maintained until 1996 as a randomized, replicated split-plot experiment with 5 N-K fertigation treatments, each with subplots containing four apple cultivars (Gala, Fuji, Fiesta, and Spartan). Management of Zn and B nutrition varied throughout the experiment ranging from no application (1992–1993) to foliar applications (1994) to fertigation of 3.5 g Zn tree-1 and 0.34 g B tree-1 during the growing season in 1995–1996. Deficient concentrations of Zn and B were measured in leaves and "blossom-blast" B deficiency symptoms were observed within 2 yr without applications of Zn or B . Foliar application of both nutrients increased their respective leaf concentrations and ameliorated B-deficiency symptoms. Zinc-fertigation in 1995–1996 failed to improve leaf Zn concentration. In contrast, B-fertigation at the same time readily increased root zone soil solution B concentrations and increased leaf B concentrations to values within the sufficient-optimum range for apple. Generally, cultivars responded similarly to B and Zn-treatments although, relative to other cultivars, Spartan had higher concentrations of Zn and B in leaves and Fuji had high leaf B. Key words: Fertigation, leaf boron and zinc, Malus × domestica Borkh., soil solution boron

scholarly journals Growth of Immature Peach Embryos in Response to Media, Ovule Support Method, and Ovule Perforation

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1081-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto C.Q. Pinto ◽  
Suzanne M. Dethier Rogers ◽  
David H. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
High Sucrose ◽  
Medium Formulation

The influence of medium formulation, methods of ovule support, and ovule perforation on in vitro growth of immature peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] embryos (4.0 to 8.7 mm long) was investigated. Maximum embryo dry weights were attained with vermiculite support, ovule perforation, and 10% sucrose in the medium. At high sucrose levels, all three tested media (Monnier, modified Murashige and Skoog, or modified Stewart and Hsu medium) performed similarly. Adding IAA and kinetin to culture media did not enhance embryo growth. Using the vermiculite support system, small embryos of early maturing peach cultivars, obtained at fruit maturity, were cultured successfully and used as maternal parents in breeding programs. Chemical name used: indole acetic acid (IAA).

scholarly journals Apple cultivars in Lithuania in 1820–1914

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rimvydas Laužikas
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Written Sources

The oldest mentioned gardens in Lithuania are from the Middle Ages. However, the oldest lists of fruit tree cultivars were compiled only in the 19th century. The article presents systematised information on apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars recommended for cultivation and cultivated in Lithuania from 1820 to 1914. A total of 22 written sources in Polish, Russian and Lithuanian from the period that mention specific apple cultivars were analysed. A list of 165 old apple cultivars was compiled during the study. The apple cultivars mentioned in historical sources have been identified as contemporary apple cultivars or those described in other historical pomology sources. The original names of the old apple cultivars recorded in written sources are also provided. The compiled list of apple cultivars reveals characteristics of the development of apple orchards in the cultural context of this period.

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