Zinc and boron nutrition management in fertigated high density apple orchards

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Neilsen ◽  
D. Neilsen ◽  
E. J. Hogue ◽  
L. C. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
High Density ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Nutrition Management ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Apple Cultivars

An experimental high density apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) block (1666 trees ha-1) on M.9 rootstock was planted in 1992 and maintained until 1996 as a randomized, replicated split-plot experiment with 5 N-K fertigation treatments, each with subplots containing four apple cultivars (Gala, Fuji, Fiesta, and Spartan). Management of Zn and B nutrition varied throughout the experiment ranging from no application (1992–1993) to foliar applications (1994) to fertigation of 3.5 g Zn tree-1 and 0.34 g B tree-1 during the growing season in 1995–1996. Deficient concentrations of Zn and B were measured in leaves and "blossom-blast" B deficiency symptoms were observed within 2 yr without applications of Zn or B . Foliar application of both nutrients increased their respective leaf concentrations and ameliorated B-deficiency symptoms. Zinc-fertigation in 1995–1996 failed to improve leaf Zn concentration. In contrast, B-fertigation at the same time readily increased root zone soil solution B concentrations and increased leaf B concentrations to values within the sufficient-optimum range for apple. Generally, cultivars responded similarly to B and Zn-treatments although, relative to other cultivars, Spartan had higher concentrations of Zn and B in leaves and Fuji had high leaf B. Key words: Fertigation, leaf boron and zinc, Malus × domestica Borkh., soil solution boron

Physico-chemical and antioxidant properties of six apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh) grown in southern Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francilene Gracieli Kunradi Vieira ◽  
Graciele Da Silva Campelo Borges ◽  
Cristiane Copetti ◽  
Renata Dias De Mello Castanho Amboni ◽  
Frederico Denardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Apple Cultivars

scholarly journals A Novel Identification Method for Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Cultivars Based on a Deep Convolutional Neural Network with Leaf Image Input

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Chengzhong Liu ◽  
Junying Han ◽  
Baihong Chen ◽  
Juan Mao ◽  
Zhengxu Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Stable Convergence ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Image ◽  
Generalization Accuracy

The innovation of germplasm resources and the continuous breeding of new varieties of apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) have yielded more than 8000 apple cultivars. The ability to identify apple cultivars with ease and accuracy can solve problems in apple breeding related to property rights protection to promote the healthy development of the global apple industry. However, the existing methods are inconsistent and time-consuming. This paper proposes an efficient and convenient method for the classification of apple cultivars using a deep convolutional neural network with leaf image input, which is the delicate symmetry of a human brain learning. The model was constructed using the TensorFlow framework and trained on a dataset of 12,435 leaf images for the identification of 14 apple cultivars. The proposed method achieved an overall accuracy of 0.9711 and could successfully avoid the over-fitting problem. Tests on an unknown independent testing set resulted in a mean accuracy, mean error, and variance of μ a c c = 0.9685 , μ ε = 0.0315 , and σ 2 = 1.89025 E − 4 , respectively, indicating that the generalization accuracy and stability of the model were very good. Finally, the classification performance for each cultivar was tested. The results show that model had an accuracy of 1.0000 for Ace, Hongrouyouxi, Jazz, and Honey Crisp cultivars, and only one leaf was incorrectly identified for 2001, Ada Red, Jonagold, and Gold Spur cultivars, with accuracies of 0.9787, 0.9800, 0.9773, and 0.9737, respectively. Jingning1 and Pinova cultivars were classified with the lowest accuracies, with 0.8780 and 0.8864, respectively. The results also show that the genetic relationship between cultivars Shoufu 3 and Yanfu 3 is very high, which is mainly because they were both selected from a red mutation of Fuji and bred in Yantai City, Shandong Province, China. Generally, this study indicates that the proposed deep learning model is a novel and improved solution for apple cultivar identification, with high generalization accuracy, stable convergence, and high specificity.

SHORT COMMUNICATION: Soil chemical changes associated with NP-fertigated and drip irrigated high-density apple orchards

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Neilsen ◽  
P. B. Hoyt ◽  
D. Neilsen
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
High Density ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentrations

Soil was sampled in 20 high-density apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards which had generally been NP-fertigated using drip irrigation for the 2–5 yr since their establishment. Soil chemical changes including decreases in pH, extractable Ca, Mg, K, S and B and increases in extractable Cu, Mn and Fe were measurable, often within 2 yr. Leaf nutrient concentrations below deficiency levels were widespread for B and Zn and in a few cases, also occurred for Mg and K. Key words: Fertigation, soil chemical degradation, apple, drip irrigation

scholarly journals Apple cultivars in Lithuania in 1820–1914

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rimvydas Laužikas
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Written Sources

The oldest mentioned gardens in Lithuania are from the Middle Ages. However, the oldest lists of fruit tree cultivars were compiled only in the 19th century. The article presents systematised information on apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars recommended for cultivation and cultivated in Lithuania from 1820 to 1914. A total of 22 written sources in Polish, Russian and Lithuanian from the period that mention specific apple cultivars were analysed. A list of 165 old apple cultivars was compiled during the study. The apple cultivars mentioned in historical sources have been identified as contemporary apple cultivars or those described in other historical pomology sources. The original names of the old apple cultivars recorded in written sources are also provided. The compiled list of apple cultivars reveals characteristics of the development of apple orchards in the cultural context of this period.

scholarly journals Profiling of Phenolic Compounds and Triterpene Acids of Twelve Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Cultivars

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Elisabeta-Irina Geană ◽  
Corina Teodora Ciucure ◽  
Roxana Elena Ionete ◽  
Alexandru Ciocârlan ◽  
Aculina Aricu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Triterpene Acids ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Apple Cultivars

Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), a popular and widely cultivated fruit world-wide, contains bioactive compounds responsible for their health benefits. Here we report the amounts of some bioactive compounds: two major triterpenes (oleanolic and ursolic acids) and polyphenols (phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols, flavonoids and t-resveratrol), together with bioactive properties of twelve apple cultivars measured by chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods. Significant variations were found comparing the bioactive potential of the investigated cultivars. High contents of phenolic acids were identified in the Montuan, Golden Delicious and Cretesc cultivars, while the most flavonoid dominant was the Richard cultivar. Starkrimson, Jonatan, Beliy Naliv and Richard cultivars present higher antioxidant capacity. Oleanolic acid ranged from 11 to 83 mg/g apple extract, while ursolic acid ranged from 55 to 436 mg/g apple extract, with higher amounts in Richard and Montuan cultivars. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) allowed the discrimination of apple cultivars depending on polyphenolic and triterpene acids composition. Caffeic acid, gallic acid and epicatechin were identified as the main bioactive compounds in Starkrimson, Jonathan, Beliy Naliv and Richard cultivars, while ursolic and oleanolic acids were identified in high amounts in Richard, Montuan, Golden Delicious, Idared and Beliy Naliv apple cultivars. The results obtained in this study will contribute to the understanding of the bioactive composition of apples as well as the importance of their capitalization to obtain value-added products that promote human health.

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