Harvesting Power Through Random Vibrations of Aerospace Vehicles from Nanostructured La-Pb(Ni1/3Sb2/3) - PbZrTiO3 Ferroelectric Ceramics

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.H. Kumar ◽  
C.M. Lonkar ◽  
Balasubramanian K.
Keyword(s):  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Ferroelectric Ceramic ◽  
Ferroelectric Ceramics ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Reactive Sintering ◽  
Random Vibrations ◽  
Aerospace Vehicles ◽  
Power Harvesting

Synthesis by mechanochemical activation route and optimisation for power harvesting properties of nano-structured Pb0.98La0.02(NiSb)0.05[(Zr0.52Ti0.48)0.995]0.95O3 [La-PNS-PZT] ferroelectric ceramic composition has been carried out and reported here for the first time. Progressive perovskite phase formation during mechanical activation from 5 h to 40 h followed by reactive sintering was analyzed from X-Ray Diffraction analysis. Noticeable formation of perovskite phase after10 h of milling and further its completion in successive reactive sintering was observed. Particle morphology of the 10 h activated nano-La-PNS-PZT powder analysed by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) indicated average particle size (d50) of about 24nm. Microstructural studies of samples reactively sintered at 1220 °C were performed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) for powders activated for various durations, indicated the compact microstructure for 10 h activation which resulted in optimum piezoelectric properties viz. piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33=449x10-12 C/N), piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g33= 32x10-3 m-V/N), Figure of merit for power harvesting (14.4 x10-12 V-m-C/N2) accompanied by excellent stability of permittivity in the range -50 °C to 100 °C. The output voltage obtained from simulated random vibrations of aerospace vehicles at various Power Spectrum Density (PSD) values, measures about 3.0 mV output across resistance of 1 kΩ  indicating suitability of composition for harvesting the power from aerospace vehicle vibrations.

Influence of Excess Bi2O3 and Na2Co3 on Crystal Structure and Microstructure of Bismuth Sodium Titanate Ceramics

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 1711-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panadda Sittiketkron ◽  
Arrak Klinbumrung ◽  
Theerachai Bongkarn
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Sodium Titanate ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Rhombohedral Structure ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Average Grain Size

This study investigated the influence of excess Bi2O3 and Na2CO3 on the crystal structure, microstructure and dielectric properties of (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BNT) ceramics. The BNT ceramics were synthesized using the solid-state reaction method with various excess Bi2O3 and Na2CO3 levels (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mol%). The X-ray characterization revealed that all samples had a rhombohedral structure. A pure perovskite phase was obtained in all samples. The lattice parameter a tended to increase with increased excess Bi2O3 and Na2CO3 content in the calcined powders and sintered ceramics. The average particle size increased while, the average grain size tended to decreased with increased of excess Bi2O3 and Na2CO3 content. The depolarization temperature (Td) and the Curie temperature (Tc) were slightly decreased with the increase of excess Bi2O3 and Na2CO3 content. The dielectric properties were related to the density.

Molten Salt Synthesis of CaCu3Ti4O12

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 115-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Pi Chen ◽  
Yong He ◽  
Dong Yu Liu ◽  
Zong De Liu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Molten Salt Synthesis ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Molten Salt Method ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Size And Morphology

CCTO powders were prepared by using molten salt method in the NaCl-KCl system. The effects of temperature and holding time on phase compositions, particle morphology and size have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and laser particle size analyzer. Using CaCO3, CuO and TiO2 as starting materials, CCTO compound could be synthesized at any temperature from 800oC to 1000oC in the NaCl-KCl system. The average particle size increased obviously with the increasing of temperature above 850 oC. Holding time had great effect on grain size and morphology.

Rheological, Structural and Mechanical Characterization of Monolithic Zircon-Alumina Bodies

2014 ◽  
Vol 793 ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. León-Carriedo ◽  
C.A. Gutiérrez Chavarría ◽  
J.L. Rodríguez Galicia ◽  
Jorge López-Cuevas ◽  
M.I. Pech Canul
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Transgranular Fracture ◽  
Average Particle

In the present work, the characterization of monolithic materials formulated at different weight concentrations was conducted; employing two of the ceramic materials most used in the refractory industry, zircon and alumina. These monolithic materials were fabricated using colloidal techniques, specifically plaster casting mold, in order to obtain pieces with a higher particle consolidation and density, reducing porosity to lower values than the obtained using traditional shaping process of these materials. The monoliths were obtained employing two ceramic powders with different average particle size and morphology to achieve better packing in the green body. This characterization was carried out, firstly, determining the particle size of the raw materials by laser diffraction and the evaluation of particle morphology by scanning electron microscopy. Aqueous suspensions were formulated by containing both ceramic materials, which were dispersed with Tamol 963, and analyzed by rheometric techniques. Subsequently, bars were manufactured having the following dimensions; 4 mm wide, 3 mm thick and 45 mm in length, according to ASTM C1161-02cc, to be characterized microstructural and mechanically, also was observed the fracture habit after the mechanical test. As a final result, the materials formulated at higher alumina content showed higher density values, reaching 94.95% of the theoretical density, also showed a higher thermal expansion coefficient and high rupture modulus, reaching up to 600 MPa and Young modulus of 230 GPa. From the microstructure characterization it was observed that alumina matrix shows a transgranular fracture across the grains and zircon particles exhibited intergranular fracture among the grain boundaries.

Characteristics of La0.8Sr0.05Ca0.15CrO3 Interconnect Material for SOFC Synthesized by a Modified Pechini Method, USP, and GNP

2007 ◽  
Vol 124-126 ◽  
pp. 799-802
Author(s):  
Tak Hyoung Lim ◽  
Gil Yong Lee ◽  
Dong Hyun Peck ◽  
Rak Hyun Song ◽  
Dong Ryul Shin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Pechini Method ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Orthorhombic Structure ◽  
Single Perovskite Phase ◽  
Modified Pechini Method ◽  
Interconnect Material

The characteristics of La0.8Sr0.05Ca0.15CrO3 interconnect material synthesized by modified pechini method, USP, and GNP was investigated. The powder synthesized by Pechini method exhibited somewhat aggregated shape. The precursor synthesized by USP had spherical shape and their particle size decreased somewhat after calcining procedure at 1000oC. In the case of GNP, the precursor formed agglomerated particles. The average particle size of powders synthesized by Pechini method, USP, and GNP were 0.4+m, 0.6+m, and below 10nm, respectively. The La0.8Sr0.05Ca0.15CrO3 powder had a single perovskite phase and orthorhombic structure. After sintering at 1400oC and 1500oC, the relative density of samples synthesized by pechini method was approximately 95% and that of samples synthesized by USP was slightly small. However, that of the samples synthesized by GNP was approximately 92%.

Fabrication of Barium Stannate Tatanate Ceramics via Combustion Technique

2008 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wattanawikkam ◽  
Theerachai Bongkarn
Keyword(s):  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Barium Stannate ◽  
Calcined Temperature ◽  
Combustion Technique

The effect of firing temperatures on phase formation and microstructure of barium stannate titanate [Ba(Sn0.1Ti0.9)O3; BST10] ceramics were investigated. BST10 was synthesized via a combustion method, at various calcination and sintering temperatures. It was found that, a single perovskite of BST10 powders was obtained with a calcinations temperature of 1200 oC. The percent of the perovskite phase and the lattice parameter were increased with increasing calcination temperatures. The average particle size was increased from 0.48 to 1.69 µm by increasing the calcined temperature from 600 to 1200 oC. The average grain sizes were increased from 0.99 to 17.77 µm by increasing the sintering temperature from 1250 to 1450 oC. The maximum density and dielectric constant were observed in sintered samples at 1350 oC.

Influences of Firing Temperatures on Phase and Morphology Evolution of (Ba0.25Sr0.75)(Zr0.75Ti0.25)O3 Ceramics Synthesized via Solid-State Reaction Method

2009 ◽  
Vol 421-422 ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atthakorn Thongtha ◽  
Kritsana Angsukased ◽  
Theerachai Bongkarn
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Strontium Zirconate ◽  
Reaction Method ◽  
Average Grain Size

The effect of calcination (1000-1400 oC) and sintering temperatures (1400-1600 oC) on the phase formation and microstructure of barium strontium zirconate titanate [(Ba0.25Sr0.75)(Zr0.75Ti0.25)O3; BSZT] ceramics were investigated. BSZT powders were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. Higher calcination temperatures increased the percentage of the perovskite phase, but decreased the lattice parameter a of BSZT powders. The pure perovskite phase of BSZT powders was detected above the calcination temperature of 1350 oC. The microstructure of BSZT powders exhibited an almost-spherical morphology and had a porous agglomerated form. The average particle size and the average grain size of the ceramics were increased with the increase of calcination and sintering temperatures. The highest density of the samples was 5.42 g/cm3 which was obtained from ceramic sintered at 1550 oC for 2 h.

scholarly journals A Study on Synthesis and Characterization of Dy-Doped La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ via the Coprecipitation Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Negin Mohammadi ◽  
Zahra Khakpour ◽  
Amir Maghsoudipour ◽  
Aida Faeghinia
Keyword(s):  
Phase Formation ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Coprecipitation Method ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Powder Morphology ◽  
Before And After

The perovskite Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite (LSCF) is investigated as the cathode material used in intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). In the present study, La0.6−xDyxSr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (x = 0, 0.3, 0.6) was synthesized through the coprecipitation method. The obtained precipitate was calcined at 500, 700, 900, and 1000°С. Phase characterization of the synthesized LSCF and LDySCF powder before and after heat treatment at 700°С was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. XRD patterns revealed that the perovskite phase was obtained at 700°С in all calcined samples. Chemical bond study to investigate the synthesis process was conducted using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique. Thermal analysis of DTA and TG has been utilized to investigate how the calcination temperature affects the perovskite phase formation. According to the STA results, the perovskite phase formation started at 551°С and completed at 700°С. The density values of synthesized powders were 6.10, 6.11, and 6.37 g·cm−3for the undoped and doped samples calcined at 700°С. Powder morphology was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The micrographs showed the spherical-shaped particles with the average particle size of 24–131 nm.

Emulsion copolymerization of hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers: an experimental study with styrene and 2- hydroxyethyl methacrylate

e-Polymers ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Ahmad ◽  
A.H.M. T. Islam ◽  
M. Amran Hossain ◽  
M.A. Jalil Miah ◽  
Klaus Tauer
Keyword(s):  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Sodium Dodecylsulfate ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Polymerization Temperature ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
Hydrophilic Monomer ◽  
Monomer Feed

AbstractAb initio emulsion copolymerization of styrene with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) at weight ratios of the hydrophilic monomer of 1 and greater was investigated at various temperatures in dependence on the concentration of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and potassium peroxodisulfate as emulsifier and initiator, respectively. Both the course of the polymerization and the latex properties are strongly influenced by the hydrophilic monomer. For instance, transparent or highly translucent latexes are obtained resembling the appearance of microemulsion latexes with polymer contents as high as 10 weight-% but at much lower surfactant concentration. Moreover, polymerization rate, average particle size, and particle morphology depend on the surfactant and initiator concentration, monomer feed composition, and polymerization temperature.

Octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside mediated synthesis of nanocrystalline BaTiO3 using a single-source precursor

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 842-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yatendra S. Chaudhary ◽  
Umananda M. Bhatta ◽  
Deepa Khushalani
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Longitudinal Optical ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Single Source Precursor ◽  
Optical Modes ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Barium Titanium

A new amphiphile: octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside along with a single-source precursor, barium titanium methoxyethoxide, were used to develop a facile route for synthesis of BaTiO3, via either a hydrolytic or a nonhydrolytic method. The average particle size for the samples was on the order of 20 to 30 nm, while that for the control samples (without the amphiphile) ranged from 100 nm to several microns. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images and selected-area electron- diffraction patterns revealed that these nanoparticles were single crystalline; the Raman active longitudinal optical modes observed in calcined (650 °C) samples at 718 and 304 cm−1 directly indicated the presence of tetragonal domains in an overall cubic lattice structure. Moreover, the one-step nonhydrolytic approach developed for the synthesis of BaTiO3 is fast, and it eliminates tedious steps such as prolonged refluxing and aging. Thermogravimetric and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis were performed to investigate the role of octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside in the evolution of the perovskite phase, grain size, and morphology. These techniques suggested that van der Waals type of interactions were present between the amphiphile and barium titanium methoxyethoxide oligomers, and in turn they led to the controlled growth of nanoparticles.

Comparison of Milling Techniques to Figure of Merit of 0.98PZT-0.02BYF Piezoelectric Ceramic Energy Harvester

2016 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 218-223
Author(s):  
Piyalak Ngernchuklin ◽  
Arjin Boonruang ◽  
Saengdoen Daungdaw ◽  
Nestchanok Yongpraderm
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Pyrochlore Phase ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
K Value ◽  
Pure Perovskite Phase

Nowadays, the concept of harvesting energy from the environment, for example, thermal, wind, sun, vibration and human activities is much of interest. PZT is one of the materials which show an ability to harness vibration energy and then change to electrical energy. Therefore, the PZT (Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3) doped with 0.02 mol% BYF (Bi(Y0.7Fe0.3)O3) piezoelectric ceramics has been studied to improve the figure of merit (d33*g33). The PZT and BYF powder systems were prepared by solid state reaction with calcination temperature of 800 and 850 °C for 2 h, respectively. XRD results showed that both powders exhibited pure perovskite phase for PZT and single phase of BYF without pyrochlore phase. Then, the two calcined powders (PZT and BYF) were mixed according to the composition of 0.02 mol% BYF doped PZT by two different milling techniques called conventional ball-milling (CBM) and high energy ball-milling (HBM) for 10 h. The result showed that average particle size obtain from HBM was 1 µm which was smaller than from CBM shown up to a few microns in bimodal mode. The PZT-BYF-HBM ceramics showed higher physical and electrical properties but lower K value. Thus promoting to higher g33 which was equal to 36.89 * 10-3(Vm/N) and FOM was 11,632*10-15(m2/N), while PZT-BYF-CBM had g33 of 26.86* 10-3(Vm/N) and FOM at 8,016*10-15(m2/N), respectively.

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