Effect of Electric Field on Viscosity and Excess Viscosity of Three Liquid Mixtures

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
P. Seshu Mani ◽  
S.Vijaya Bhaskara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Excess Viscosity

Separation of liquid mixtures by thermodiffusion through an electric field

1972 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Kuchinov ◽  
B. I. Nikolaev ◽  
A. A. Tubin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Liquid Mixtures

Viscosities, Densities, and Refractive Indices of Binary Liquid Mixtures

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 2605-2609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Katz ◽  
Pedro W. Lobo ◽  
A. Sancho Miñano ◽  
Horacio Sólimo
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Excess Volume ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Dispersion Forces ◽  
Molar Free Energy ◽  
Excess Viscosity ◽  
Binary Liquid ◽  
Free Energy Of Activation

The viscosities, densities, and refractive indices at 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C were determined for the systems: aniline + toluene (A + T), N,N-dimethylaniline + toluene (DMA + T), and aniline + n-butanol (A + B). From the experimental results the excess volume, excess viscosity, and excess molar free energy of activation of flow were calculated. The deviations from ideality for the excess thermo dynamic functions are more important for the systems (A + T) and (A + B) than for (DMA + T). This fact is explained by the existence of dispersion forces in the mixture and by the presence of hydrogen bonds in pure aniline and pure butanol.

New Material Creation by Phase Separation in Liquid Mixtures Induced by Non-Uniform Electric Field

2017 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 690-695
Author(s):  
T.A. Volkova ◽  
R.F. Aletdinov ◽  
E.M. Fedosov
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Uniform Electric Field ◽  
Inhomogeneous Electric Field ◽  
Operational Principle ◽  
New Material ◽  
Energy Transducer ◽  
Electromechanical Energy

The fractionation technology of liquid mixtures under the action of an externally applied inhomogeneous electric field and the device – a capacitive electromechanical energy transducer that implements this technology are considered in this article. The operational principle of a capacitive electromechanical energy transducer with liquid rotor is described. The conclusion on the possibility of applying this technology to the fractionation of oil containing emulsions is made.

Negative effective Li transference numbers in Li salt/ionic liquid mixtures: does Li drift in the “Wrong” direction?

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 7470-7478 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gouverneur ◽  
F. Schmidt ◽  
M. Schönhoff
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Wrong Direction ◽  
Drift Direction

Due to association with anions and an inverted drift direction in an electric field, Li+ cations have negative effective transference numbers.

Excess volumes, isentropic compressibilities, and viscosities of binary mixtures containing cyclohexene

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Raja Sekar ◽  
R. Venkateswarlu ◽  
Kalluru S. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Excess Volumes ◽  
Excess Enthalpies ◽  
Excess Isentropic Compressibilities ◽  
Excess Viscosity ◽  
Isentropic Compressibilities ◽  
Binary Liquid ◽  
Excess Viscosities

Excess volumes, excess isentropic compressibilities, and excess viscosities have been reported for the binary liquid mixtures of cyclohexene with n-hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, and 1,4-dioxane at 303.15 K. VE results are negative for mixtures of cyclohexene with n-hexane and tetrachloromethane and are positive for the remaining systems. [Formula: see text] values are negative for mixtures of cyclohexene with n-hexane and positive for all other systems. The data of Δ ln η are positive for cyclohexene with cyclohexane and tetrachloromethane, and negative for the remaining systems. Prigogine–Patterson–Flory equation of state theory has been applied to predict excess volumes and excess enthalpies, and the viscosity relations proposed by Bloomfield are used to calculate free energy and free volume contributions to excess viscosity. Keywords: excess volumes, excess isentropic compressibilities, excess viscosities.

Resolution in photoelectron microscopy

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 458-459
Author(s):  
G. F. Rempfer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Uniform Field ◽  
Virtual Image ◽  
Lens System ◽  
Photoemission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Planar Electrode ◽  
Electron Lens ◽  
Photoemission Electron

In photoelectron microscopy (PEM), also called photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM), the image is formed by electrons which have been liberated from the specimen by ultraviolet light. The electrons are accelerated by an electric field before being imaged by an electron lens system. The specimen is supported on a planar electrode (or the electrode itself may be the specimen), and the accelerating field is applied between the specimen, which serves as the cathode, and an anode. The accelerating field is essentially uniform except for microfields near the surface of the specimen and a diverging field near the anode aperture. The uniform field forms a virtual image of the specimen (virtual specimen) at unit lateral magnification, approximately twice as far from the anode as is the specimen. The diverging field at the anode aperture in turn forms a virtual image of the virtual specimen at magnification 2/3, at a distance from the anode of 4/3 the specimen distance. This demagnified virtual image is the object for the objective stage of the lens system.

Field-assisted ionization theory for microscopists

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 820-821
Author(s):  
Patrick P. Camus
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electron Tunneling ◽  
Ionization Probability ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Tunneling Probability ◽  
Field Ionization ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Field Evaporation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Ion Emission

The theory of field ion emission is the study of electron tunneling probability enhanced by the application of a high electric field. At subnanometer distances and kilovolt potentials, the probability of tunneling of electrons increases markedly. Field ionization of gas atoms produce atomic resolution images of the surface of the specimen, while field evaporation of surface atoms sections the specimen. Details of emission theory may be found in monographs.Field ionization (FI) is the phenomena whereby an electric field assists in the ionization of gas atoms via tunneling. The tunneling probability is a maximum at a critical distance above the surface,xc, Fig. 1. Energy is required to ionize the gas atom at xc, I, but at a value reduced by the appliedelectric field, xcFe, while energy is recovered by placing the electron in the specimen, φ. The highest ionization probability occurs for those regions on the specimen that have the highest local electric field. Those atoms which protrude from the average surfacehave the smallest radius of curvature, the highest field and therefore produce the highest ionizationprobability and brightest spots on the imaging screen, Fig. 2. This technique is called field ion microscopy (FIM).

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