Financial Education for low-income women: a parallel to Social and Collaborative Economy

Dental caries is a chronic oral condition that disproportionately affects low-income women. The aim of this research was to investigate relationships between dental nutrition knowledge, socioecological factors, and prevalence of dental caries in low-income women. This quantitative cross-sectional study involved 220 women who were recruited from Central Texas. Participants completed demographics, the Dental Nutrition Knowledge Competency Scale, United States Adult Food Security Survey Module, and the Multidimensional Home Environment Scale. Two dentists measured dental caries via the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth Index. Regression models were conducted to test the effects of dental nutrition knowledge and Multidimensional Home Environment Scale factors on dental caries. Finally, mediation analysis explored relationships between dental nutrition knowledge and dental caries, adjusting for Multidimensional Home Environment Scale scores. Results showed that dental nutrition knowledge and Multidimensional Home Environment Scale score were significantly associated with dental caries. Subscales of self-efficacy for eating healthy, oral hygiene practices, emotional eating, availability of unhealthy foods at home, and social support were related to dental caries. The relationship between dental nutrition knowledge and caries was mediated by Multidimensional Home Environment Scale scores. This research emphasizes the role of dental nutrition knowledge and socio-ecological factors on prevalence of dental caries. Public health interventions to reduce dental caries should involve strategies that increase dental nutrition knowledge and encourage behavior change in low-income populations.

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Social Ontology and Model-Building: A Response to Epstein

Philosophy of the Social Sciences ◽

10.1177/0048393121991728 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 176-192

Author(s):

Nadia Ruiz

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Social Science ◽

Model Building ◽

Social Ontology ◽

Model Construction ◽

Ontological Commitments ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Social

Brian Epstein has recently argued that a thoroughly microfoundationalist approach towards economics is unconvincing for metaphysical reasons. Generally, Epstein argues that for an improvement in the methodology of social science we must adopt social ontology as the foundation of social sciences; that is, the standing microfoundationalist debate could be solved by fixing economics’ ontology. However, as I show in this paper, fixing the social ontology prior to the process of model construction is optional instead of necessary and that metaphysical-ontological commitments are often the outcome of model construction, not its starting point. By focusing on the practice of modeling in economics the paper provides a useful inroad into the debate about the role of metaphysics in the natural and social sciences more generally.

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Leprosy and the Plague: State Surveillance of Low-Income Fathers

Surveillance & Society ◽

10.24908/ss.v12i1.4330 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 124-139

Author(s):

Monika Jean Ulrich Myers ◽

Michael Wilson

Keyword(s):

Social Control ◽

Low Income ◽

Child Support ◽

Justice System ◽

The United States ◽

Social Benefits ◽

Child Support Enforcement ◽

The Social ◽

State Surveillance

Foucault’s theory of state social control contrasts societal responses to leprosy, where deviants are exiled from society but promised freedom from social demands, and the plague, where deviants are controlled and surveyed within society but receive some state assistance in exchange for their cooperation.In this paper, I analyze how low-income fathers in the United States simultaneously experience social control consistent with leprosy and social control consistent with the plague but do not receive the social benefits that Foucault associates with either status.Through interviews with 57 low-income fathers, I investigate the role of state surveillance in their family lives through child support enforcement, the criminal justice system, and child protective services.Because they did not receive any benefits from compliance with this surveillance, they resisted it, primarily by dropping “off the radar.”Men justified their resistance in four ways: they had their own material needs, they did not want the child, they did not want to separate from their child’s mother or compliance was unnecessary.This resistance is consistent with Foucault’s distinction between leprosy and the plague.They believed that they did not receive the social benefits accorded to plague victims, so they attempted to be treated like lepers, excluded from social benefits but with no social demands or surveillance.

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Human Nature and Economic Institutions: Instinct Psychology, Behaviorism, and the Development of American Institutionalism

Journal of the History of Economic Thought ◽

10.1080/1042771042000298706 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 445-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Pier Francesco Asso ◽

Luca Fiorito

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

United States ◽

William James ◽

The United States ◽

Economic Behavior ◽

Behavioral Analysis ◽

Thorstein Veblen ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Social

Recent articles have explored from different perspectives the psychological foundations of American institutionalism from its beginning to the interwar years (Hodgson 1999; Lewin 1996; Rutherford 2000a, 2000b; Asso and Fiorito 2003). Other authors had previously dwelled upon the same topic in their writings on the originsand development of the social sciences in the United States (Curti 1980; Degler 1991; Ross 1991). All have a common starting point: the emergence during the second half of the nineteenth century of instinct-based theories of human agency. Although various thinkers had already acknowledged the role of impulses and proclivities, it was not until Darwin's introduction of biological explanations into behavioral analysis that instincts entered the rhetoric of the social sciences in a systematic way (Hodgson 1999; Degler 1991). William James, William McDougall, and C. Lloyd Morgan gave instinct theory its greatest refinement, soon stimulating its adoption by those economists who were looking for a viable alternative to hedonism. At the beginning of the century, early institutionalists like Thorstein Veblen, Robert F. Hoxie, Wesley C. Mitchell, and Carleton Parker employed instinct theory in their analysis of economic behavior. Their attention wasdrawn by the multiple layers of interaction between instinctive motivation and intentional economic behavior. Debates on the role of instinctsin economicswere not confined to the different souls of American Institutionalism, and many more “orthodox” figures, like Irving Fisher or Frank Taussig, actively participated.

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Medical Field Exercise With a Social Telepresence Robot

Paladyn Journal of Behavioral Robotics ◽

10.1515/pjbr-2016-0001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zachary Henkel ◽

Jesus Suarez ◽

Vasant Srinivasan ◽

Robin R. Murphy

Keyword(s):

Role Conflict ◽

Medical Professional ◽

Social Identities ◽

Social Actor ◽

Medical Field ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Social ◽

Telepresence Robot ◽

Field Exercise

AbstractThis article reports observations from a field study in which medical responders used a social telepresence robot to communicate with participants playing the role of a trapped victim in two search and rescue exercises. The interaction between the robot, victims, and responders suggests the coexistence of two distinct social identities for the robot. One which is a pure conduit for the remote medic, and another in which the robot is treated as an independent social actor. Participants acting as victims demonstrated fluidity in interacting with each identity. The social identify of a robot has important implications for the development of future telepresence systems, particularly in the healthcare domain. Since victims in the exercises gave attention to both the robot and the remote medic, it is possible that the robot’s social actor role may divert attention from the remotely connected individual. The work provides a starting point for investigation of role conflict between a remote medical professional and the robot they are using to assist a patient.

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Role of kin and nonkin support in the mental health of low-income women.

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry ◽

10.1037/0002-9432.72.1.39 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 39-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Ellen L. Bassuk ◽

Kristin D. Mickelson ◽

Heidi D. Bissell ◽

Jennifer N. Perloff

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Low Income ◽

Low Income Women

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PERAN INSTITUSI PERGURUAN TINGGI DALAM MENGHADAPI FENOMENA KAMPUNG TERJEPIT PADA DAS CISADANE KABUPATEN TANGERANG

Jurnal Penelitian dan Karya Ilmiah Arsitektur Usakti ◽

10.25105/agora.v16i02.3230 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (02) ◽

pp. 69

Author(s):

Dicky Tanumihardja

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Poverty Alleviation ◽

Education Institution ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Regional Government ◽

Progressive Development ◽

Mixed Use ◽

The Social ◽

Lack Of Control

ABSTRAKPengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia merupakan sebuah isu multi dimensi yang membutuhkan pendekatan multi dimensi juga. Salah satu isu yang mendasar adalah bagaimana tidak berdayanya masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah yang menyebabkan mereka tidak dapat berpartisipasi dalam pembangunan atau mendapatkan manfaatnya. Kondisi ini dapat terlihat dari adanya ko-eksistensi—tapi tanpa kohesi—dari pemukiman tradisional (mis. kawasan kumuh, kampung, dsb) di antara yang modern (mis. perumahan, mixed use development, dsb). Kondisi ini juga nampak pada DAS Cisadane yang selalu menjadi salah satu tempat dengan populasi terbanyak untuk pemukiman tradisional karena rendahnya kendali dari pemerintah. Sayangnya, pembangunan yang pesat di Kabupaten Tangerang telah menyebabkan pemukiman ini dikelilingi oleh pembangunan yang lebih maju (baik secara fisik maupun ekonomi) dan menciptakan jarak sosial di antaranya. Pada awalnya Pemerintah Kabupaten melaksanakan program pengentasan kemiskinan secara mandiri, tetapi setelah pemaparan pendapat penasehat dari kalangan non-pemerintah maka diputuskan untuk melibatkan perguruan tinggi sebagai fasilitator dan pelaksana program karena perguruan tinggi dianggap mempunyai sumber daya yang lebih relevan untuk program ini. Tujuan dari penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk memaparkan skema kolaborasi di antara para pemangku kepentingan dan secara khusus akan menekankan peran perguruan tinggi sebagai community developer; demikian juga tantangan yang dihadapi dan hasil pembelajarannya. Makalah ini diharapkan dapat menambah wawasan tentang peran institusi perguruan tinggi dalam menangani isu kemiskinan di sekitarnya. Kata Kunci: peran perguruan tinggi, pengentasan kemiskinan, multi dimensi, kolaborasi, ko-eksistensi tanpa kohesi. ABSTRACTPoverty alleviation in Indonesia has always been a multi dimensional issues that needs a multi dimensional approaches as well. One of the fundamental issue is how helpless are the low income community that caused them unable to participate with the progressive development or benefit from it. This situation can be pictured with the coexistence—but without cohesion—of traditional settlement (i.e. slums, kampungs, etc) among the modern ones (i.e. housing estate, mixed use development, etc). This situation is also occurred in Cisadane riverbanks which have always been one of the most populated area for traditional settlements because the lack of control from government. Unfortunately, the progressive real estate development in Tangerang region has caused these settlements surrounded with more advanced (both economically and physically) development and created the social gap in between. Initially the Regional Government (Pemerintah Kabupaten) conducted the poverty alleviation program independently, but soon after the hearing from non-governmental advisors then decided to involve universities as facilitator and conductor of the program because the universities are considered to have more relevant resources needed for the program. The purpose of this paper is to present the collaboration scheme taken among stakeholders and particularly will stressed the role of universities as the community developer; as well as the expected challenge and the lessons learned. This paper is expected to add more knowledge on how higher education institution addresses poverty issues around them. Keywords: role of universities, poverty alleviation, multi dimensional, collaboration, coexistence without cohesion

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O pierwiastku tragicznym w roli społecznej uczonego

Etyka ◽

10.14394/etyka.338 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 137-153

Author(s):

Jan Jerschina

Keyword(s):

Social Groups ◽

Academic Community ◽

Necessary Condition ◽

Ideal Model ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Social ◽

Simple Consideration ◽

Moral Competences ◽

Organization Of Science

This is an attempt to outline the range of problems that should be taken into account when studying the ethos of scholars. The author sets forth from an uncommon starting point. He does not construct “an ideal model of the ethos of the scholar”, neither is he concerned with the “pathology of academic life”. Such approaches are dubbed “normative-functional” by the author, and without implicating that they are methodologically implausible he refrains from using them due to the simple consideration that they are unable to accommodate the “tragic component of the role” involved. He sets out to show that the scholars cannot avoid finding themselves in a conflict of values and norms that cannot be ordered using criteria commonly accepted in the academic circles or derived from the concept of the role or the ethos of the scholar. Scholars are exposed to a conflict between the norms accepted by the academic community and the norms accepted by other communities to which they belong. The article discusses the influence of contemporary changes in the organization of science – its dependence on the state, its subservience to the national goals or to the exigencies of other social groups (political, religious, etc.). The author is not satisfied with the treatment of these problems by R. K. Merton, and he reviews various philosophical conceptions with the hope of finding a better answer. He seeks to conceptualize the role of the scholar in terms of the theories proposed by L. Petrażycki, A. Kępiński, I. Kant, M. Weber, K. Mannheim, P. Bourdieu, and others, but has to conclude that in none of these theories is it possible to remove the tragic element from the picture of ethically relevant decision-making. The author ends by saying that the possession of “social and moral competences” that overstep the boundaries of the scholar’s responsibility defined by his role and ethos is a necessary condition of the social fulfilment of that role.

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“This journey has definitely changed me”: An ethnographic narrative exploring disabled peoples’ lives through embodied experiences and identity negotiation

10.26686/wgtn.17009753 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Callan Sait

Keyword(s):

Disability Studies ◽

Lived Experiences ◽

Social Stigma ◽

The Body ◽

Social Model ◽

Social Model Of Disability ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Social ◽

Embodied Experiences

Following calls from both disability studies and anthropology to provide ethnographic accounts of disability, this thesis presents the narratives of nine people living with disability, focusing on what disability means to them, how it is incorporated into their identities, and how it shapes their lived experiences. While accounts of disability from disability studies often focus on the social model of disability (Shakespeare 2006) and emphasise social stigma and oppression (Goffman 1967, Susman 1994), anthropological accounts often emphasise the suffering and search for cures (Rapp and Ginsburg 2012) that is assumed to accompany disability. Both approaches have their benefits, but neither pay particularly close attention to the personal experiences of individuals, on their own terms. By taking elements from both disciplines, this thesis aims to present a balanced view that emphasises the lived experiences of individuals with disability, and uses these experiences as a starting point for wider social analysis. The primary focus of this thesis is understanding how disability shapes an individual’s identity: what physical, emotional, and social factors influence how these people are perceived – by themselves and others? Through my participants’ narratives I explore how understandings of normal bodies and normal lives influence their sense of personhood, and investigate the role of stigma in mediating social encounters and self-concepts. Furthermore, I undertake a novel study of the role of technology in the lives of people living with disability. My work explores how both assistive and non-assistive (‘general’) technologies are perceived and utilised by my participants in ways that effect not just the physical experience of disability, but also social perceptions and personal understandings of the body/self. I argue that although the social model of disability is an excellent analytical tool, and one which has provided tangible benefits for disabled people, its political nature can sometimes lead to a homogenisation of disabled experiences; something which this thesis is intended to remedy by providing ethnographic narratives of disability, grounded in the embodied experiences of individuals.

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“This journey has definitely changed me”: An ethnographic narrative exploring disabled peoples’ lives through embodied experiences and identity negotiation

10.26686/wgtn.17009753.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Callan Sait

Keyword(s):

Disability Studies ◽

Lived Experiences ◽

Social Stigma ◽

The Body ◽

Social Model ◽

Social Model Of Disability ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Social ◽

Embodied Experiences

Following calls from both disability studies and anthropology to provide ethnographic accounts of disability, this thesis presents the narratives of nine people living with disability, focusing on what disability means to them, how it is incorporated into their identities, and how it shapes their lived experiences. While accounts of disability from disability studies often focus on the social model of disability (Shakespeare 2006) and emphasise social stigma and oppression (Goffman 1967, Susman 1994), anthropological accounts often emphasise the suffering and search for cures (Rapp and Ginsburg 2012) that is assumed to accompany disability. Both approaches have their benefits, but neither pay particularly close attention to the personal experiences of individuals, on their own terms. By taking elements from both disciplines, this thesis aims to present a balanced view that emphasises the lived experiences of individuals with disability, and uses these experiences as a starting point for wider social analysis. The primary focus of this thesis is understanding how disability shapes an individual’s identity: what physical, emotional, and social factors influence how these people are perceived – by themselves and others? Through my participants’ narratives I explore how understandings of normal bodies and normal lives influence their sense of personhood, and investigate the role of stigma in mediating social encounters and self-concepts. Furthermore, I undertake a novel study of the role of technology in the lives of people living with disability. My work explores how both assistive and non-assistive (‘general’) technologies are perceived and utilised by my participants in ways that effect not just the physical experience of disability, but also social perceptions and personal understandings of the body/self. I argue that although the social model of disability is an excellent analytical tool, and one which has provided tangible benefits for disabled people, its political nature can sometimes lead to a homogenisation of disabled experiences; something which this thesis is intended to remedy by providing ethnographic narratives of disability, grounded in the embodied experiences of individuals.

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