scholarly journals APLIKASI ERROR CORRECTION MECHANISM DALAM ANALISIS DAMPAK PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, KONSUMSI ENERGI DAN PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL TERHADAP EMISI CO2 DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Fitri Kartiasih ◽  
Adi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Error Correction Mechanism

Economic development is an effort to improve people's lives. However, economic development has negative externalities. Emissions generated from economic activities can pollute the environment. This study purpose to determine the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions based on the Environment Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis and analyze the influence of energy use, economic growth and international trade on CO2 emissions in Indonesia in the period 1977-2014 using Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) analysis. The results showed that the EKC hypothesis does not apply in Indonesia, meaning that economic development carried out during the research period still pursues increased income without regard to environmental quality so that increased per capita income is accompanied by increase in CO2 emissions. Based on econometric analysis of ECM, it shows that the variables of energy use, economic growth and international trade have a statistically significant effect on CO2 emissions in Indonesia in the long run. In the short term, economic growth, and error correction terms have a statistically significant effect while the variables of energy consumption and international trade do not have a statistical effect on CO2 emissions in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Pembangunan Ekonomi, Industrialisasi, dan Degradasi Lingkungan Hidup di Indonesia Tahun 1967-2013: Enviromental Kuznet Curve Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Error Correction Mechanism ◽  
The Impact

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dampak pembangunan ekonomi dan proses industrialisasi terhadap Degradasi lingkungan di Indonesia baik dalam jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek. Untuk melihat pengaruh pembangunan ekonomi dan industrialisasi terhadap penurunan kualitas lingkungan di Indonesia, penelitian ini menggunakan model Enviromental Kuznet Curve (EKC) dan dengan model Error Correction Mechanism (ECM). Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa dalam jangka panjang peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat dan industrilasasi berpengaruh positif  secara linier terhadap peningkatan emisi C02 dan pada tingkat pendapatan tertentu terjadi proses perbaikan lingkungan yang ditandai dengan penurunan emisi CO2. Namun dalam jangka pendek hanya industrialisasi yeng membrikan pengaruh pada peningkatan emisi CO2. Diharapkan adanya konsesus bersama antara pemerintah dan pelaku usaha (industri) dalam mengurangi dampak pencemaran serta adanya peningkatan kesadaran masyakat dalam membantu mengurangi kerusakan lingkungan hidup.   Abstract This study aims to identify the impact of economic development and industrialization to  the environmental degradation in Indonesia, both in the long term and short term. To see the effect of economic development and industrialization to the environmental degradation in Indonesia, this research was  used Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) model and the model of  Error Correction Mechanism (ECM). The results of the study explain that in the long term, improvement of people's income and industrialization have positive effect linearly with the increase in C02 emissions and at a certain income level there is a process improvement environment characterized by a decrease in CO2 emissions. But in the short term only industrialization which influence on the increase of CO2 emissions Expected that the consensus between the government and businesses (industri) in reducing the impact of pollution and the increased awareness of society in helping to reduce environmental damage.    

scholarly journals Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Case of Central Europe

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3415
Author(s):  
Bartosz Jóźwik ◽  
Antonina-Victoria Gavryshkiv ◽  
Phouphet Kyophilavong ◽  
Lech Euzebiusz Gruszecki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Central European ◽  
Long Run

The rapid economic growth observed in Central European countries in the last thirty years has been the result of profound political changes and economic liberalization. This growth is partly connected with reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, the problem of CO2 emissions seems to remain unresolved. The aim of this paper is to test whether the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis holds true for Central European countries in an annual sample data that covers 1995–2016 in most countries. We examine cointegration by applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag bound testing. This is the first study examining the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in individual Central European countries from a long-run perspective, which allows the results to be compared. We confirmed the cointegration, but our estimates confirmed the EKC hypothesis only in Poland. It should also be noted that in all nine countries, energy consumption leads to increased CO2 emissions. The long-run elasticity ranges between 1.5 in Bulgaria and 2.0 in Croatia. We observed exceptionally low long-run elasticity in Estonia (0.49). Our findings suggest that to solve the environmental degradation problem in Central Europe, it is necessary to individualize the policies implemented in the European Union.

scholarly journals Do Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth Decouple in China? An Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Hao ◽  
Zirui Huang ◽  
Haitao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Capita Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Relationship

Global warming has emerged as a serious threat to humans and sustainable development. China is under increasing pressure to curb its carbon emissions as the world’s largest emitter of carbon dioxide. By combining the Tapio decoupling model and the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework, this paper explores the relationship between China’s carbon emissions and economic growth. Based on panel data of 29 provinces from 2007 to 2016, this paper quantitatively estimates the nexus of carbon emissions and economic development for the whole nation and the decoupling status of individual provinces. There is empirical evidence for the conventional EKC hypothesis, showing that the relationship between carbon emissions and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is an inverted U shape and that the inflection point will not be attained soon. Moreover, following the estimation results of the Tapio decoupling model, there were significant differences between individual provinces in decoupling status. As a result, differentiated and targeted environmental regulations and policies regarding energy consumption and carbon emissions should be reasonably formulated for different provinces and regions based on the corresponding level of economic development and decoupling status.

scholarly journals Malaysia’s Energy-Growth Nexus and Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: Empirical Analysis Using the VECM and ARDL Cointegration Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Takashi Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Structural Break ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Energy Growth ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Causality Tests

This paper investigated Malaysia’s energy-growth nexus and environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis over the period 1971-2014 by taking the globalization variables of trade openness and foreign direct investment (FDI) and the structural break dummy of the Asian financial crisis of 1997 into estimation. To give interference, the Granger causality tests were implemented in the framework of two cointegration techniques: vector error correction model (VECM) and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL). As per Malaysia’s energy-growth nexus, referring to different results of the two approaches, we concluded that the presence of the energy-growth nexus was statistically confirmed, but it has not been fully established yet in the country. On the other hand, both the VECM and ARDL results provided the same conclusion for Malaysia’s EKC hypothesis, that is, in the initial stage, as the higher economic growth, the less CO2 emissions, but after a threshold, the higher economic growth, the more CO2 emissions.

Analysing Transportation-Induced Economic Growth, Energy Use, and CO2 Emissions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1277-1293
Author(s):  
Salih Kalayci
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Environmental Consciousness ◽  
Transportation Energy ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Growth Energy

This chapter concentrates on the linkage among transportation, energy usage, GDP, and Co2 emissions in EU countries during the period 1970-2014 by analysing the EKC hypothesis. The data is derived from the World Bank's official website to point out environmental consciousness of EU countries by implementing panel data analysis. In this sense, the findings indicate that environmental consciousness is quite low for EU countries from 1970 to 1997. Besides, the environmental issues of EU countries are taken into account from 1997 to 2014. The findings of research demonstrate that their sensitiveness has risen significantly, which is consistent with the inverse-U shape of the EKC hypothesis from 1997 to 2014. Thus, these empirical results support the Kyoto protocol's political aims and goals. Furthermore, Johansen co-integration test is implemented to reveal the long-term linkage among economic growth, air transportation, carbon emissions, and energy usage.

Research on the Relationship between Economic Development and Environmental Quality Based on Environmental Kuznets Curve

2011 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Jin Ying Li ◽  
Ya Jun Wei ◽  
Peng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Economy Growth ◽  
The Relationship

With economy growth and industrialization, resources and environmental issues become seriously increasingly. People argue about that economy growth is whether the reason for environmental issues or the dynamic of resolving environmental issues. This argue give rise to the research upsurge of the relation of environment and economy. Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is the most typical among those. EKC is applied to analyze the relationship between economic growth and the changes of environment quality, it aims to provide a scientific reference for the decision-making policies of relevant department.

scholarly journals Carbon Emissions and Income Trajectory in Eight Heterogeneous Countries: The Role of Trade Openness, Energy Consumption and Population Dynamics

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
OLUWOLE OWOYE ◽  
OLUGBENGA A. ONAFOWORA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Wide Range

This paper examines the long-run and dynamic temporal relationships between economic growth, energy consumption, population density, trade openness, and carbon dioxide    (CO2) emissions in Brazil, China, Egypt, Japan, Mexico, Nigeria, South Korea, and South Africa based on the environment Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. We employ the ARDL Bounds test to cointegration and CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests to ensure long-run cointegration and parameter stability.  The estimated results show that the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis holds in Japan and South Korea.  In the other six countries, the long-run relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions follows an N-shaped trajectory and the estimated turning points are much higher than the sample mean. In addition, the results indicate that energy consumption Granger-causes both CO2 emissions and economic growth in all the countries.  An important implication of our findings is that it would be ill-advised for the policy decision makers to adopt the EKC postulate as the conceptual basis for policies favoring economic growth unconditionally. A wide range of policy initiatives that would induce increased demand for better environment quality and its sustainability should be explored in tandem with measures to spur economic growth.

Approaches to the Formation of a Theoretical Model for the Analysis of Environmental and Economic Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1108
Author(s):  
Denys HOROBCHENKO ◽  
Viacheslav VORONENKO
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Minimum Condition ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Component ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The paper considers the influence of economic development factors on the state of the environment. The subject of the research is the processes of improving the sustainable development (SD). A theoretical model for analysis of environmental and economic development was worked out based on the existing methods and a more comprehensive presentation of information on the parameters of SD. Possibilities of achieving the Environmental Kuznets Curve as the conditions for the SD improvement are determined. A minimum condition to guarantee the nonavailability of deterioration in the SD was determined to overcome the point of maximum pollution. This point describes emissions of pollutants, taking into account the accumulation effect of the pollution, which can be observed from the moment of exceeding of the assimilation potential of the environment. Proposed approaches were applied to the development analysis relative to the environmental component, the case of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Ukraine. Accordingly, Ukraine has a predominantly positive trend towards the SD relative to the environmental component. This trend is partly supported by predominant decrease in specific CO2 emissions per unit of output in the economy. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in the concentration of Ukraine's CO2 emissions in the atmosphere, despite the fact that the overall level of emissions has decreased. Therefore, overcoming the tendency of increase in the concentration of pollution requires a significant increase in the environmental effects of economic activities and the coordination of actions on the international level.

scholarly journals Does the Environmental Kuznets Curve Exist? An International Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nutnaree Maneejuk ◽  
Sutthipat Ratchakom ◽  
Paravee Maneejuk ◽  
Woraphon Yamaka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Economic ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to examine the relationship between economic development and environmental degradation based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. The level of CO2 emissions is used as the indicator of environmental damage to determine whether or not greater economic growth can lower environmental degradation under the EKC hypothesis. The investigation was performed on eight major international economic communities covering 44 countries across the world. The relationship between economic growth and environmental condition was estimated using the kink regression model, which identifies the turning point of the change in the relationship. The findings indicate that the EKC hypothesis is valid in only three out of the eight international economic communities, namely the European Union (EU), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and Group of Seven (G7). In addition, interesting results were obtained from the inclusion of four other control variables into the estimation model for groups of countries to explain the impact on environmental quality. Financial development (FIN), the industrial sector (IND), and urbanization (URB) were found to lead to increasing CO2 emissions, while renewable energies (RNE) appeared to reduce the environmental degradation. In addition, when we further investigated the existence of the EKC hypothesis in an individual country, the results showed that the EKC hypothesis is valid in only 9 out of the 44 individual countries.

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