scholarly journals Rhetoric and Educational Policies on the Use of History

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Y. Y. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Citizenship Education ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Board Of Education ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
World War ◽  
The Real ◽  
Second World

This article attempts to review the rhetoric and the educational policies on the use of history for citizenship education from 1880-1990 in England. In many instances, the rhetoric served as powerful tools to gain the support of educational authorities, namely, the Board of Education, Ministry of Education and Examination Boards. Their support was reflected in the change of educational policies and school syllabi that followed. This study shows that there was strong and consistent widespread rhetoric on history's contribution to citizenship education throughout the century, neither stopped by the two great wars nor impeded by the challenge of social studies as a citizenship subject after the Second World War. Instead it was challenged by the discipline itself in the early 1980s when some historians began to doubt the "new" history on the ground that the "real" history was being devalued. Consequently, there was evidence that the "new" history did not take off widely. In many schools, history was taught for its own sake. Its value for the education of modern citizenship was not being emphasised. This article ends with the argument that under the environment of the National Curriculum, first implemented in the country in 1989, history still claims its relevance for citizenship education.

Falls and rises: meanings and universals

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Cruttenden
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Second World War ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
World War ◽  
Discourse Function ◽  
The Real ◽  
Second World

The study of intonation has gone through phases in which it has been fashionable to ascribe the meaning of intonation to one particular sort of function.1 Most traditionally that function has been grammatical (see, e.g., the earliest British attempts at intonation analysis (e.g. Butler, 1634) and many recent textbooks on English language teaching). More recently (i.e. since the second world war), speakers' attitude has often been taken as most important (e.g. Pike, 1945; Kingdon, 1958). In the light of current fashion, the discourse function is often seen as most important (e.g. Brazil,, 1975, 1978; Pilch, 1977).I argue in this article that intonation operates with its own set of meanings which are of higher abstraction than those of grammar, attitude or discourse; and that it is only at a lower level that these meanings of higher abstraction become relevant to one or more of these functions (in so far as the functions can in any case be clearly separated). Such a hypothesis is relevant to the question of how intonation is acquired by children (where the real problem for investigators has always been WHAT exactly is being acquired). It is also important to questions of cross-dialectal intonational translation (whether across social or regional boundaries) and also to possible intonation universals.

Krieg auf Kosten anderer. Wehrmachtfinanzierung in Griechenland während des Zweiten Weltkriegs / War at the Expence of Others Financing the „Wehrmacht“ in Greece during the Second World War

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-59
Author(s):  
Jürgen Kilian
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ww Ii ◽  
Greek Economy ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
The Government ◽  
Second World

Abstract After Greece had been conquered by the troops of the Axis Powers in spring 1941, they installed a rule of occupation existing until october 1944. The Government in Athens had to finance this occupation by making payments in advance and besides, making a forced credit available. This method led to an exorbitant overloading of the Greek economy and to a galloping inflation. The German Tax and Finance Ministry played an important, yet hardly noticed role as to the concrete implementation of the monetary exploitation. Almost unknown documents throw a light on the financing of the German Wehrmacht during WW II. Besides, the real burden on the Greek economy shall be estimated and connected with the general questions of war financing in the Third Reich.

scholarly journals World-Historical Trends: Salvation or Catastrophe?!

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-36
Author(s):  
O. Shmorgun
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
The Real ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Regional Associations ◽  
Second World

The article shows the stadium-civilization origins of the current system of global quasi-liberal monetarism (neo-liberalism) as an ideological basis of the social system, which is caused by a numberof socio-economic crises, including the financial collapse of the late ХХ – early ХХІ century. The fundamental inability of such a model of global development to overcome the fundamental destructivetrends, which sharply increased after the Second World War, was substantiated. The real meaning of various technologically deterministic social utopias, which from the positions of post-industrialtechnological determinism also offer various recipes to overcome global problems of our time is revealed. It is shown that the real staged alternative to the crisis mainstream, aimed at humanizing themodern world, should be based on radical reformatting of the current global trend towards the revival of the national state on the basis of the restoration of ethno-national identity in its cultural and socialand economic dimensions, as well as radical reformatting of various regional associations , including the EU, on the basis of a cumulative functional complement of national and supra-state institutesopposite only superficially inconsistent to global cosmopolitism and ethnoreligious fundamentalism.

scholarly journals Commemoration reconsidered: Second World War Veterans’ reunion as pilgrimage

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
War Veterans ◽  
The Real ◽  
Second World

This article recognises the crucial role cultural and social contexts play in shaping individual and collective recollections. Such recollections involve multiple, intertwined levels of experience in the real world such as commemorating a war. Thus, the commemoration practised in a particular context deserves an empirical investigation. The methodological approach taken is naturalistic, as it situates commemoration as remembering and recollection in the real world of things and people. I consider the case of a war veterans’ reunion as an analogy for a pilgrimage, and in that pilgrimage-like transformative process, we can observe the dynamics of remembering that is mediated with artefacts and involves people’s interactions with the social environment. Furthermore, remembering, recollection and commemorating the war can be approached in terms of embodied interactions with culturally and historically organised materials. In this article, I will review the relevant literature on key topics and concepts including pilgrimage, transformation and liminality and communitas in order to create a theoretical framework. I present an analysis and discussion on the ethnographic fieldwork on the Burma Campaign (of the Second World War) veterans’ reunion. The article strives to contribute to the critical forum of memory research, highlighting the significance of a holistic and interdisciplinary exposition of the vital role context plays in the practice of commemorating war.

scholarly journals The rescue of Jews from the Nazi genocide by the inhabitants of Eastern Galicia

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-96
Author(s):  
Igor Shchupak
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Population ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
World War ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Religious Nature ◽  
Second World

The rescue of Jews during the Second World War is one of the least studied issues in the historiography of the Holocaust. The Galicia Region, one of the areas where a total Nazi extermination of Jews occurred, became a region from where a large number of Righteous Among the Nations came – Ukrainians and Poles. The article includes an analysis of the motivations that became the basis for people’s decision to help Jews under the extreme conditions which threatened their lives and the lives of their close ones. It highlights the response of the occupation authorities to rescue actions taken by the non-Jewish population. Despite the unambiguity of the Nazi orders to punish severely those who helped Jews, the real implementation of such sanctions varied. Finally, the article analyses the main determinants (of social, economic, and religious nature) that played an important role in making the decision whether to join the rescue process. The article concludes that no political which could had saved Jews, did lead to any systematic rescue efforts directed at Western Ukrainian Jews, yet the survival of those Jews who were hunter was possible for the deeds of some Polish and Ukrainian people.

Interpreting the path of Italian economic thought: The contribution of Eraldo Fossati

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
Mario Pomini
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
World War ◽  
The Real ◽  
Original Proposal ◽  
Austrian Tradition ◽  
Second World

In this article, we focus on the figure of Eraldo Fossati, He was a protagonist of the development of Italian economic thought in the central decades of the last century. At the beginning he tried to dynamize the Paretian theory of general equilibrium. In the first phase he emphasized the role of true uncertainty following the Austrian tradition. Ended a short corporatist parenthesis, after the second world war he supported the Keynesian theory and made an original proposal to reconcile Pareto and Keynes, considering the latter not as a revolutionary economist but rather as an innovator who furnished new tools to understanding the real workings of contemporary economic systems with their chronic unemployment. In fact, after the Second World War Fossati was one of the main exponents of the Keynesian turn in Italy.

scholarly journals The Second World War in Polish Cinema. Recent Filmic Approaches and the Reception in Poland and Germany

2017 ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Elisa-Maria Hiemer
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
70Th Anniversary ◽  
World War ◽  
The Real ◽  
One Year ◽  
Second World ◽  
Artistic Product

The article deals with the representations of history in contemporary Polish cinema. On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Warsaw Uprising, Jan Komasa released two fundamentally different films within one year. By an analysis focusing the context, the artistic product and the reception, the author intends to decode the different messages and reception offers. The intended reception is then contrasted to the real reception referring to the reactions in Polish and (in the case of Miasto 44) in German media.

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