scholarly journals Tensions and Trade-offs in Real-World Laboratories - The Participants' Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Engels ◽  
Jan-Christoph Rogge
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Trade Offs

Beyond the Known: Detecting Novel Feasible Domains Over an Unbounded Design Space

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Mark Fuge
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Adaptive Sampling ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Domain Boundary ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Design Variables

To solve a design problem, sometimes it is necessary to identify the feasible design space. For design spaces with implicit constraints, sampling methods are usually used. These methods typically bound the design space; that is, limit the range of design variables. But bounds that are too small will fail to cover all possible designs, while bounds that are too large will waste sampling budget. This paper tries to solve the problem of efficiently discovering (possibly disconnected) feasible domains in an unbounded design space. We propose a data-driven adaptive sampling technique—ε-margin sampling, which learns the domain boundary of feasible designs and also expands our knowledge on the design space as available budget increases. This technique is data-efficient, in that it makes principled probabilistic trade-offs between refining existing domain boundaries versus expanding the design space. We demonstrate that this method can better identify feasible domains on standard test functions compared to both random and active sampling (via uncertainty sampling). However, a fundamental problem when applying adaptive sampling to real world designs is that designs often have high dimensionality and thus require (in the worst case) exponentially more samples per dimension. We show how coupling design manifolds with ε-margin sampling allows us to actively expand high-dimensional design spaces without incurring this exponential penalty. We demonstrate this on real-world examples of glassware and bottle design, where our method discovers designs that have different appearance and functionality from its initial design set.

Trade-offs of Forecasting Algorithm for Extending WSN Lifetime in a Real-World Deployment

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femi A. Aderohunmu ◽  
Giacomo Paci ◽  
Davide Brunelli ◽  
Jeremiah Deng ◽  
Luca Benini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wsn Lifetime

Challenges in Sharing Computer and Network Logs

2010 ◽  
pp. 2310-2325
Author(s):  
Adam Slagell ◽  
Kiran Lakkaraju
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Share Information ◽  
Made In

It is desirable for many reasons to share information, particularly computer and network logs. Researchers need it for experiments, incident responders need it for collaborative security, and educators need this data for real world examples. However, the sensitive nature of this information often prevents its sharing. Anonymization techniques have been developed in recent years that help reduce risk and navigate the trade-offs between privacy, security and the need to openly share information. This chapter looks at the progress made in this area of research over the past several years, identifies the major problems left to solve and sets a roadmap for future research.

scholarly journals Trade-offs analysis of sustainability dimensions using integer-valued data envelopment analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-289
Author(s):  
Monireh Jahani Sayyad Noveiri ◽  
Sohrab Kordrostami
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Dea Models ◽  
Marginal Rates Of Substitution

Conducting an in-depth exploration of trade-offs between sustainability aspects is a notable matter of taking decisions. Furthermore, there are many real world investigations that trade-offs and sustainability should be dealt with in the presence of desirable and undesirable materials while some of them accept integer amounts. Therefore, this study addresses trade-offs of sustainability dimensions when undesirable and integer-valued measures are presented. For this purpose, approaches based upon data envelopment analysis (DEA) are proposed. To explain, DEA models are introduced to calculate individual and group marginal rates of substitution and also directional marginal rates of substitution when integer and undesirable variables are observed. These procedures are applied to calculate trade-offs between different sustainability dimensions, including economic, environmental and social ones. The applications of ports and industrial parks are provided to clarify the approaches appeared in this study. The results derived from the proposed strategies show the usefulness and validity of them.

A Novel Approach for Collaborative Interaction With Mixed Reality in Value Engineering

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Wendrich
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Real World ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Value Engineering ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Trade Offs

Design and engineering in real-world projects is often influenced by reduction of the problem definition, trade-offs during decision-making, possible loss of information and monetary issues like budget constraints or value-for-money problems. In many engineering projects various stakeholders take part in the project process on various levels of communication, engineering and decision-making. During project meetings and VE sessions between the different stakeholder’s, information and data is gathered and put down analogue and/or digitally, consequently stored in reports, minutes and other modes of representation. Results and conclusions derived from these interactions are often influenced by the user’s field of experience and expertise. Personal stakes, idiosyncrasy, expectations, preferences and interpretations of the various project parts could have implications, interfere or procrastinate non-functionality and possible rupture in the collaborative setting and process leading to diminished prospective project targets, requirements and solutions. We present a hybrid tool as a Virtual Assistant (VA) during a collaborative Value Engineering (VE) session in a real-world design and engineering case. The tool supports interaction and decision-making in conjunction with a physical workbench as focal point (-s), user-interfaces that intuit the user during processing. The hybrid environment allows the users to interact un-tethered with real-world materials, images, drawings, objects and drawing instruments. In course of the processing captures are made of the various topics or issues at stake and logged as iterative instances in a database. Real-time visualization on a monitor of the captured instances are shown and progressively listed in the on-screen user interface. During or after the session the stakeholders can go through the iterative time-listing and synthesize the instances according to i.e. topic, dominance, choice or to the degree of priority. After structuring and sorting the data sets the information can be exported to a data or video file. All stakeholders receive or have access to the data files and can track-back the complete process progression. The system and information generated affords reflection, knowledge sharing and cooperation. Redistribution of data sets to other stakeholders, management or third parties becomes more efficient and congruous. Our approach we took during this experiment was to [re]search the communication, interaction and decision-making progressions of the various stakeholders during the VE-session. We observed the behavioral aspects during the various stages of user interaction, following the decision making process and the use of the tool during the course of the session. We captured the complete session on video for analysis and evaluation of the VE process within a hybrid design environment.

Critical infrastructures in a multi-hazard environment: identifying globally consistent heuristics to model interdependencies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Mühlhofer ◽  
David N. Bresch ◽  
Elco Koks
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Real World ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Cooling Power ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Risk Modelling ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Trade Offs

<p>Critical infrastructures (CIs) such as powerlines, road & rail transport, and telecommunications are networked systems, through which disruptions, for instance from natural hazards, may propagate far beyond their initial incidence.</p><p>There is, however, a gap when it comes to identifying how CIs interdepend on each other (such as water for cooling power generators, and electricity for powering water pumps), and how their joint system-of-systems (SOS) character can amplify possible consequences. Anecdotal evidence on such behaviour is frequently derived from artificially generated or locally constrained cases with few CIs under consideration. A full picture of CISOS risks throughout greater geographies is absent.</p><p>This research project aims to contribute to a more consistent view on natural hazard risks from CI interdependencies by</p><ul><li>systematically identifying and deriving interdependency heuristics between a range of CIs,</li> <li>transferring those interdependency heuristics to a network model based on real-world, spatially explicit open-source CI data,</li> <li>combining this CISOS network layer with an open-source global risk modelling platform, CLIMADA (Aznar-Siguan, G. & Bresch, D. N. 2019), to allow for globally consistent impact calculations from a range of natural hazard scenarios.</li> </ul><p>I will give first insights on the trade-offs between identified CI interdependencies, real-world data constraints and generalisability of a CISOS modelling approach across national scales. I will also present opportunities from combining the networked layer with the risk modelling platform CLIMADA for studying CISOS disruptions in a multi-hazard space, and possible extensions to social impacts and basic service disruptions.</p>

scholarly journals FOX-GA: A Genetic Algorithm for Generating and Analyzing Battlefield Courses of Action

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Schlabach ◽  
C. C. Hayes ◽  
D. E. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Real World ◽  
Computational Efficiency ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Selection Mechanism ◽  
Problem Domain ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Additional Challenge ◽  
Modern Warfare

This paper describes FOX-GA, a genetic algorithm (GA) that generates and evaluates plans in the complex domain of military maneuver planning. FOX-GA's contributions are to demonstrate an effective application of GA technology to a complex real world planning problem, and to provide an understanding of the properties needed in a GA solution to meet the challenges of decision support in complex domains. Previous obstacles to applying GA technology to maneuver planning include the lack of efficient algorithms for determining the fitn ess of plans. Detailed simulations would ideally be used to evaluate these plans, but most such simulations typically require several hours to assess a single plan. Since a GA needs to quickly generate and evaluate thousands of plans, these methods are too slow. To solve this problem we developed an efficient evaluator (wargamer) that uses course-grained representations of this problem domain to allow appropriate yet intelligent trade-offs between computational efficiency and accuracy. An additional challenge was that users needed a diverse set of significantly different plan options from which to choose. Typical GA's tend to develop a group of “best” solutions that may be very similar (or identical) to each other. This may not provide users with sufficient choice. We addressed this problem by adding a niching strategy to the selection mechanism to insure diversity in the solution set, providing users with a more satisfactory range of choices. FOX-GA's impact will be in providing decision support to time constrained and cognitively overloaded battlestaff to help them rapidly explore options, create plans, and better cope with the information demands of modern warfare.

scholarly journals In A Quest to Solve Information System Agility Problems : A SaaS Experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Haibo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Real World ◽  
System Development ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Real Life ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Causation Analysis

<p>Change is endemic in modern business competition. In an age of globalisation, with the rapid development of information technologies (IT), changes occur at a much faster pace, and are also more unpredictable. Being agile in a turbulent environment has been ranked highly by executives in surveys of business issues conducted in past five years. Today nearly all organisations rely on information systems (IS) to operate. IS Agility is critical in achieving overall agility and performance in business. However, despite the strong interest from the practitioner community, IS Agility in academia has often been perceived as an overly abstract concept that is difficult to study. Resultantly, despite its importance, little has been published on how to systematically solve IS Agility problems with theoretical rigour and practical relevance. This “how to” question is a challenging one to researchers and is the major motivation of the present study.  A key difficulty to study IS Agility is the lack of a solid conceptualisation. In this thesis, based on a multidisciplinary literature review looking for a unified theory of IS Agility, we proposed the IS Agility Nomological Network (ISANN) as a holistic conceptualisation to be used for problem solving. Such a conceptualisation includes an IS Agility Cycle illustrating four stages (i.e. Sense, Diagnose, Select, and Execute) of the dynamic interactions between IS and its human agents (e.g. IS users and IS developers), a decision tree presenting four main IS Agility drivers (i.e. Change Frequency, Uncertainty, Information Intensity, and Time Criticality), and a pyramid incorporating four IS Agility Providers (i.e. Agile System-Development, Agile-System Architecture, Agile System-Operation, and Agile-System Configuration ). We classify IS Agility as having at least two sides, Dev Agility and Ops Agility. The former represents the agility of IS development function while the later refers to the IS operation function. We believe they are not the same, as agility in system development process doesn’t necessarily translate to agility in the resulting system operation.  To be able to answer the “how to” question and design a systematic problem-solving approach, we then operationalised ISANN by developing data and task models in real-world settings. These models were used to investigate and analyse IS Agility problems faced by Software as a Service (SaaS) adopters. Such a SaaS environment, due to its multi-tenancy nature, provides a great opportunity to observe the interactions and trade-offs between Dev Agility (e.g. stories from engineers and developers) and Ops Agility (e.g. stories from operators and users), as well as an abundant source of IS Agility related business problems. Eventually, more elements and factors emerged from this SaaS practice and were merged into the final artefact created in this study: ISACAM (Information System Agility Causation Analysis Method). ISACAM incorporates all the dimensions and facts derived from the theoretical conceptualisation and the ongoing real-world problem-solving practice. The effectiveness of ISACAM in solving IS Agility problems has been observed through improved performance in real-life businesses. Furthermore, five technological rules have been synthesised to offer a prescription for designing solutions to improve IS Agility.</p>

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