scholarly journals Phlebitis associated with peripheral intravenous catheters and nursing carePeriferik intravenöz kateterle ilişkili flebit ve hemşirelik bakımı

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 2905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilek Sarı ◽  
İsmet Eşer ◽  
Ayşe Akbıyık
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Peripheral Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Catheter Size ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Systemic Infections ◽  
Intravenous Catheters ◽  
Intravenous Medication ◽  
Tunica Intima

Phlebitis, defined as inflammation of the tunica intima, is most important of complications associated with peripheral intravenous catheters and, occurs between 0.1% and 63.3% of patients with peripheral intravenous catheter.  Phlebitis can be originated mechanical, chemical and, bacterial.  Whatever the reason, phlebitis extends the duration of hospitalization, raise the cost of treatment, causes bacteremia. There are reported to be effective some factors such as  type of catheter material, catheter size, dwell time of catheterisation, anatomical region used for catheterisation, health personnel’s ability to place the catheter, liquid flow rate, using infusion pumps, number of intravenous medication, on the development of mechanical phlebitis. Chemical phlebitis, developes due to characteristics such as pH and osmolarity of the drug and fluid infused which caused irritation of the endothelial layer through the cannula. Bacterial phlebitis, which is occured a bacterial infection of vein intima, can be a source of serious systemic infections including bacteremia. As a result, phlebitis is a complication of intravenous application, can be avoided as long as working in accordance with certain principles. The risk development of phlebitis can be minimized, in case of compliance with the standards during peripheral intravenous catheter insertion and throughout of catheterization. In this article was focused on phlebitis definition, epidemiology, risk factors and prevention of the development phlebitis for risk factors and patient care with phlebitis. ÖzetVenin tunika intima tabakasının enflamasyonu olarak tanımlanan flebit, periferik intravenöz kateterlerle ilişkili komplikasyonların en önemlisi olup, periferik intravenöz kateter takılan hastaların %0.1-%63.3’ünde görülmektedir. Flebit mekanik, kimyasal ve bakteriyel kaynaklı olabilir. Flebit nedeni ne olursa olsun hastaların yatış süresini uzatmakta, tedavi maliyetini yükseltmekte ve bakteriyemiye neden olmaktadır. Kateter materyalinin tipi, kateteterin boyutu, kateterin vende kalış süresi, kullanılan anatomik bölge, kateteri yerleştiren kişinin becerisi, sıvı akış hızı, infüzyon pompalarının kullanımı, verilen ilaçların sayısı gibi faktörlerin mekanik flebit oluşumunda etkili olduğu bildirilmektedir. Kimyasal flebit, kanül boyunca infüze edilen ilaç ve sıvıların pH’sı ve osmolaritesi gibi özelliklerinden dolayı venin endoteyal katmanını tahriş etmesi sonucunda gelişir. Ven intimasının bakteriyel enfeksiyonu sonucu gelişen bakteriyel flebit bakteriyemi gibi ciddi sistemik enfeksiyonların kaynağı olabilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, flebit belirli ilkelere uygun çalışıldığında intravenöz uygulamaların önlenebilir bir komplikasyonudur. Periferik intravenöz kateter takma ve izlem sırasında belirlenen standartlara uyulma hassasiyeti gösterildiği taktirde flebit gelişimi minimize edilebilir. Bu makalede, flebitin tanımı, epidemiyolojisi, risk faktörleri ve risk faktörlerine yönelik flebit gelişimini önleme önerileri ve flebit gelişen hastanın bakımı üzerinde odaklanılmıştır.

The incidence and risk of infusion phlebitis with peripheral intravenous catheters: A meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyu Lv ◽  
Jiaqian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Peripheral Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Intravenous Catheters

Introduction: Phlebitis is a common complication associated with the use of peripheral intravenous catheters. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of phlebitis with peripheral intravenous catheter use and to identify risk factors for phlebitis development. Method: Literature survey was conducted in electronic databases (CINAHL, Embase, Google Scholar, Ovid, and PubMed), and studies were included if they used peripheral intravenous catheter for therapeutic or volumetric infusion and reported phlebitis incidence rates. Random effects meta-analyses were performed to obtain overall and subgroup phlebitis incidence rates and odds ratio between males and females in phlebitis incidence. Results: Thirty-five studies were included (20,697 catheters used for 15,791 patients; age 57.1 years (95% confidence interval: 55.0, 59.2); 53.9% males (95% confidence interval: 42.3, 65.5)). Incidence of phlebitis was 30.7 per 100 catheters (95% confidence interval: 27.2, 34.2). Incidence of severe phlebitis was 3.6% (95% confidence interval: 2.7%, 4.6%). Incidence of phlebitis was higher in non-intervened (30% (95% confidence interval: 27%, 33%)) than in intervened (21% (95% confidence interval: 15%, 27%)) groups, and with Teflon (33% (95% confidence interval: 25%, 41%)) than Vialon (27% (95% confidence interval: 21%, 32%)) cannula use. Odds of developing phlebitis was significantly higher in females (odds ratio = 1.42 (95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.93); p = 0.02). Longer dwelling time, antibiotics infusion, female gender, forearm insertion, infectious disease, and Teflon catheter are important risk factors for phlebitis development identified by the included studies. Conclusion: Incidence of phlebitis with the use of peripheral intravenous catheters during infusion is 31%. Severe phlebitis develops in 4% of all patients. Risk of phlebitis development can be reduced by adapting appropriate interventions.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Phlebitis in Patients with Peripheral Intravenous Catheters

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Fengmei Tan ◽  
Silin Zheng ◽  
Hongyan Wu ◽  
Lixia Nie ◽  
Wenhua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Infusion Solution ◽  
Peripheral Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Insertion Sites ◽  
Intravenous Catheters

Introduction: The study investigated the risk factors of phlebitis associated with infusion by peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC). Methodology: Hospitalized adults (n = 506) were placed with PIVCs by trained nurses. Rates of phlebitis were noted according to PIVC gauge, insertion site, and dwell time; and type and volume of infusion solution. Results: The development of phlebitis appeared to be significantly associated with the size of the outer diameter of the PIVC. The rate of phlebitis among patients given a hypertonic infusion solution was significantly higher; and also associated with infusion volume. There was no difference in phlebitis development among insertion sites, and dwell times among these sites were comparable. Conclusion: The risk of phlebitis increased with the PIVC size and volume of infusion solution, and use of a hypertonic solution. The recognition of risk factors and standardized intervention may reduce the occurrence of phlebitis associated with PIVC use.

A prospective sonographic evaluation of peripheral intravenous catheter associated thrombophlebitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 112972982110090
Author(s):  
Nicholas Mielke ◽  
Steven Johnson ◽  
Patrick Karabon ◽  
Amit Bahl
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Vein Wall ◽  
True Incidence ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Peripheral Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Catheter Tip ◽  
Catheter Size ◽  
Observational Cohort

Objective: Thrombophlebitis associated with peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) is a poorly described complication in the literature. Given limited accuracy of current assessment tools and poor documentation in the medical record, the true incidence and relevance of this complication is misrepresented. We aimed to identify risk factors in the development of thrombophlebitis using an objective methodology coupling serial diagnostic ultrasound and clinical assessment. Methods: We conducted a single-site, prospective observational cohort study. Adult patients presenting to the emergency department that underwent traditionally placed PIVC insertion and were being hospitalized with an anticipated length of stay greater than 2 days were eligible participants. Using serial, daily ultrasound evaluations and clinical assessments via the phlebitis scale, we identified patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic thrombosis. The primary goal was to identify demographic, clinical, and IV related risk factors associated with thrombophlebitis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to identify risk factors for thrombophlebitis. Results: A total of 62 PIVCs were included between July and August 2020. About 54 (87.10%) developed catheter-related thrombosis with 22 (40.74%) of the thrombosed catheters were characterized as symptomatic. Multivariate cox regression demonstrated that catheter diameter relative to vein diameter greater than one-third [AHR = 5.41 (1.91, 15.4) p = 0.0015] and angle of distal tip of catheter against vein wall ⩾5° [AHR = 4.39 (1.39, 13.8) p = 0.0116] were associated with increased likelihood of thrombophlebitis. Conclusions: Our study found that the increased proportion of catheter relative to vein size and steeper catheter tip angle increased the risk of thrombophlebitis. Catheter size relative to vein size is a modifiable factor that should be considered when inserting PIVCs. Additional larger prospective investigations using objective methodologies are needed to further characterize complications in PIVCs.

scholarly journals Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Placement Is an Underrecognized Source of Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloise D. Austin ◽  
Sean B. Sullivan ◽  
Susan Whittier ◽  
Franklin D. Lowy ◽  
Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Catheter Placement ◽  
Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia ◽  
Peripheral Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Life Threatening Complication ◽  
Intravenous Catheters

Abstract Few studies have focused on the risks of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVs) as sources for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB), a life-threatening complication. We identified 34 PIV-related infections (7.6%) in a cohort of 445 patients with SAB. Peripheral intravenous catheter-related SAB was associated with significantly longer bacteremia duration and thrombophlebitis at old PIV sites rather than current PIVs.

Risk factor for phlebitis in a patient with peripheral intravenous catheters: a cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Eka Vivtin Agustiani ◽  
Agus Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Catheter Size ◽  
Intravenous Catheters

Phlebitis is one of nosocomial infections that frequently occurred in hospitals. Phlebitis is mainly related with infusion and therapy. Many risk factors can cause phlebitis. The purpose of this study was to predict the prevalence of phlebitis in patients based on the causal factors in Banyumas Regional Hospital. The design of this study was an analytic survey of cohort approach, with a sample of 218 by using consecutive sampling. The study was conducted from November to December 2019 using checklist of observation sheets. The results demonstrates 5 phlebitis risk factors associated with the occurrence of phlebitis, namely the type of fluid (P = 0.011), nutritional status (P = 0.001), catheter size (P = 0.002), injection therapy (P = 0.027) and comorbidities (P = 0.003). The probability of 5 risk factors for the occurrence of phlebitis (88.28%) with nutritional status being the dominant factor (b = 3.928) with probability of (13.48%). To minimize the prevalence of phlebitis, the medical personnel may conduct initial phlebitis screening to determine accurate and appropriate preventive measures.

scholarly journals Routine Replacement versus Clinical Monitoring of Peripheral Intravenous Catheters in a Regional Hospital in the Home Program A Randomized Controlled Trial

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 915-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Van Donk ◽  
Claire M. Rickard ◽  
Matthew R. McGrail ◽  
Glenn Doolan
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Home Program ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Peripheral Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Intravenous Catheters

This randomized, controlled trial involving 316 patients in the home setting found no difference in the rate of phlebitis and/or occlusion among patients for whom a peripheral intravenous catheter was routinely resited at 72-96 hours and those for whom it was replaced only on clinical indication (76.8 events per 1,000 device-days vs 87.3 events per 1,000 device-days; P = .71). There were no bloodstream infections.

scholarly journals Analisis faktor risiko terjadinya phlebitis di RSUD Puri Husada Tembilahan

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Siti Rusnawati ◽  
Hafni Bachtiar ◽  
Deswita Deswita
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Prolonged Infusion ◽  
Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Drip Infusion ◽  
Sterile Technique ◽  
Catheter Size ◽  
Quality Risk

Phlebitis is one of the standard indicators of hospital's minimum service with the dimension of patient safety quality. Risk factors for phlebitis include disease, intravenous catheter size, distance insertion place with joints, type of fluid, technique disinfection, dressing techniques and long infusion attached. The research aims to analyse the risk factors of phlebitis. The methods used were observational crossectional analytic conducted in Puri Husada Tembilahan HOSPITAL against 97 patients. The results showed that the factors related to the occurrence of phlebitis is the distance of insertion place with the joints, types of liquids, techniques of disinfection, technique dressings, and prolonged infusion is attached, while the disease factors and the size of the catheter intravenously unrelated to the occurrence of phlebitis. The most dominant factor is related to Phlebitis is disinfection technique (OR = 4.567). The results of this research can be information for nurses in the prevention of phlebitis by conducting disinfection and dressing with sterile technique during the installation of infusion, monitor drip infusion according to therapy, insertion with Distance > 3.5 cm from the joints, and replacing the place of insertion in the patient's attached infusion > 72 hours.

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